RESUMEN
With the development of industry and increase in road traffic, atmospheric pollution has reached unprecedented levels in many regions of the world. Concentrations of pollutants are often far beyond the recommendations of the World Health Organization. Skin, as the first interface between the human body and its environment, is one of the main organs exposed to pollutants and to other environmental factors such as UV irradiation. As much as the effects of pollution and UV irradiation on human skin have been described, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This state of the art study aims at exposing the numerous adverse effects of UV and pollution as well as their mode of action on skin. We summarize how these environmental factors negatively impact skin cells: by upregulating xenobiotic metabolism (and bioactivation) and inducing oxidative stress and inflammation, leading to premature aging and a disrupted barrier function. Consequently, we suggest adapted protective measures for the cosmetic industry to support anti-pollution claims.
Asunto(s)
Cosméticos/farmacología , Erupciones por Medicamentos/etiología , Contaminantes Ambientales/toxicidad , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Cosméticos/química , Cosméticos/uso terapéutico , Citocinas/metabolismo , Daño del ADN , Erupciones por Medicamentos/prevención & control , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Emolientes/farmacología , Emolientes/uso terapéutico , Contaminantes Ambientales/farmacocinética , Folículo Piloso/efectos de los fármacos , Folículo Piloso/metabolismo , Humanos , Inactivación Metabólica , Inflamación , Lípidos/fisiología , Estrés Oxidativo , Ozono/toxicidad , Material Particulado/farmacocinética , Material Particulado/toxicidad , Glándulas Sebáceas/efectos de los fármacos , Glándulas Sebáceas/metabolismo , Piel/enzimología , Piel/efectos de la radiación , Absorción Cutánea , Envejecimiento de la Piel , Humo/efectos adversos , Rayos Ultravioleta/efectos adversos , Xenobióticos/farmacocinéticaRESUMEN
The aim of the study was to assess the amount per use of cosmetic products consumed at home by the adult, child and baby French population. 1078 men and women participated in the study which was performed in four cities of France. This enquiry was performed on 106 cosmetics including general hygiene, skin care, hair care, hair styling, make-up, fragrances, solar, shaving and depilatory, and baby products. Coupled to frequency data previously obtained (Ficheux et al., 2015), these amounts per use data will be used in order to assess the exposure to cosmetics by the French population. These current exposure values could be useful for safety assessors and for safety agencies.