RESUMEN
Moral vitalism refers to a tendency to view good and evil as actual forces that can influence people and events. The Moral Vitalism Scale had been designed to assess moral vitalism in a brief survey form. Previous studies established the reliability and validity of the scale in US-American and Australian samples. In this study, the cross-cultural comparability of the scale was tested across 28 different cultural groups worldwide through measurement invariance tests. A series of exact invariance tests marginally supported partial metric invariance, however, an approximate invariance approach provided evidence of partial scalar invariance for a 5-item measure. The established level of measurement invariance allows for comparisons of latent means across cultures. We conclude that the brief measure of moral vitalism is invariant across 28 cultures and can be used to estimate levels of moral vitalism with the same precision across very different cultural settings.
Asunto(s)
Principios Morales , Vitalismo/psicología , Adulto , Américas , Asia , Australia , Comparación Transcultural , Europa (Continente) , Análisis Factorial , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Nueva Zelanda , Psicometría/métodos , Estados Unidos , Venezuela , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Zika virus infection during pregnancy causes serious birth defects and might be associated with neurodevelopmental abnormalities in children. Early identification of and intervention for neurodevelopmental problems can improve cognitive, social, and behavioral functioning. METHODS: Pregnancies with laboratory evidence of confirmed or possible Zika virus infection and infants resulting from these pregnancies are included in the U.S. Zika Pregnancy and Infant Registry (USZPIR) and followed through active surveillance methods. This report includes data on children aged ≥1 year born in U.S. territories and freely associated states. Receipt of reported follow-up care was assessed, and data were reviewed to identify Zika-associated birth defects and neurodevelopmental abnormalities possibly associated with congenital Zika virus infection. RESULTS: Among 1,450 children of mothers with laboratory evidence of confirmed or possible Zika virus infection during pregnancy and with reported follow-up care, 76% had developmental screening or evaluation, 60% had postnatal neuroimaging, 48% had automated auditory brainstem response-based hearing screen or evaluation, and 36% had an ophthalmologic evaluation. Among evaluated children, 6% had at least one Zika-associated birth defect identified, 9% had at least one neurodevelopmental abnormality possibly associated with congenital Zika virus infection identified, and 1% had both. CONCLUSION: One in seven evaluated children had a Zika-associated birth defect, a neurodevelopmental abnormality possibly associated with congenital Zika virus infection, or both reported to the USZPIR. Given that most children did not have evidence of all recommended evaluations, additional anomalies might not have been identified. Careful monitoring and evaluation of children born to mothers with evidence of Zika virus infection during pregnancy is essential for ensuring early detection of possible disabilities and early referral to intervention services.
Asunto(s)
Anomalías Congénitas/virología , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/virología , Vigilancia de la Población , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/virología , Infección por el Virus Zika/congénito , Samoa Americana/epidemiología , Preescolar , Anomalías Congénitas/epidemiología , District of Columbia/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Microcefalia/epidemiología , Microcefalia/virología , Micronesia/epidemiología , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/epidemiología , Embarazo , Puerto Rico/epidemiología , Sistema de Registros , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Islas Virgenes de los Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Virus Zika/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
El potencial de las cepas fúngicas en biorremediación, que han sido aisladas en el Instituto de Investigaciones Fármaco Bioquímicas (IIFB), es bastante amplio, se han encontrado cepas que han sido usadas en investigaciones a nivel internacional, tal es el caso de Bjerkandera sp BOL 13, un hongo aislado en un efluente contaminado con aceite en Oruro, con capacidad de degradar varios compuestos hidrocarbonados aromáticos policíclicos. En otro extremo de la nación se logró aislar Galerina sp., un hongo productor de lacasas, enzima importante en los procesos de decoloración.
The potential of fungi strains in biorremdiation that have been isolated in the Intiture of Research Pharmaceutical and Buiochemical (IIFB) is broad, it have been found strains that have been used in research at international level, as Bjerkandera sp BOL 13, a fungi isolated in an oil contaminated effluent, able to degrade polycycloic aromatic hydrocarbons. In other side of the country Galerina sp. was isolated, a laccase producing fungi, an enzyme important in decolorizing processes. contaminado con aceite en Oruro, con capacidad de degradar varios compuestos hidrocarbonados aromáticos policíclicos.
Asunto(s)
Lacasa , Investigación , Hongos , Hidrocarburos AromáticosRESUMEN
A novel moderately thermophilic, anaerobic, ethanol-producing bacterial strain, 45B(T), was isolated from a mixed sediment water sample collected from a hot spring at Potosi, Bolivia. The cells were straight to slightly curved rods approximately 2.5 µm long and 0.5 µm wide. The strain was Gram-stain-variable, spore-forming and monotrichously flagellated. Growth of the strain was observed at 45-65 °C and pH 5.5-8.0, with optima of 60 °C and pH 6.5. The substrates utilized by strain 45B(T) were xylose, cellobiose, glucose, arabinose, sucrose, lactose, maltose, fructose, galactose, mannose, glycerol, xylan, carboxymethylcellulose and yeast extract. The main fermentation product from xylose and cellobiose was ethanol (0.70 and 0.45 g ethanol per gram of consumed sugar, respectively). Acetate, lactate, propionate, carbon dioxide and hydrogen were also produced in minor quantities. 1,3-Propanediol was produced when glycerol-containing medium was supplemented with yeast extract. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15:0), C(16:0), iso-C(16:0), C(15:1), iso-C(14:0), C(13:0) and C(14:0). The polar lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, an aminoglycolipid and 15 other unidentified lipids were predominant. The DNA G+C content of strain 45B(T) was 32.6 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity revealed that strain 45B(T) is located within the Gram-type positive Bacillus-Clostridium branch of the phylogenetic tree. On the basis of morphological and physiological properties and phylogenetic analysis, strain 45B(T) represents a novel species, for which the name Caloramator boliviensis sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is 45B(T) (=DSM 22065(T)=CCUG 57396(T)).
Asunto(s)
Bacterias Anaerobias/clasificación , Bacterias Anaerobias/aislamiento & purificación , Etanol/metabolismo , Bacterias Grampositivas/clasificación , Bacterias Grampositivas/aislamiento & purificación , Manantiales de Aguas Termales/microbiología , Bacterias Anaerobias/genética , Bacterias Anaerobias/metabolismo , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , Bolivia , Análisis por Conglomerados , ADN Bacteriano/química , ADN Bacteriano/genética , ADN Ribosómico/química , ADN Ribosómico/genética , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Fermentación , Bacterias Grampositivas/genética , Bacterias Grampositivas/metabolismo , Calor , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Microscopía , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Fosfolípidos/análisis , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Esporas Bacterianas/citologíaRESUMEN
Biological production of hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) using sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) has important potential within environmental biotechnology. The aim of this work was to study the possibility of using SRB for the treatment of an acid mine drainage (AMD) at bench-scale. This process involved three stages: the optimization of H(2)S production through the utilization of total volatile fatty acids (TVFAs) by SRB, the establishment of a biofilm reactor for sulfide production, and the precipitation of metals by using the biologically produced H(2)S. The substrates used for TVFAs production consisted of papaya, apple and banana. The H(2)S produced from the degradation of TVFAs was utilized for the precipitation of a metal-contaminated effluent collected from Bolivar mine (Oruro, Bolivia). The maximum concentration of H(2)S obtained was approximately 16mM. Removal efficiencies of ca. 100% for copper, above 94% for zinc, and above 92% for lead were achieved.