RESUMEN

AIM: To determine the attitudes of patients attending routine appointments at primary care dental clinics and general dental practices towards the possibility of chair-side screening for medical conditions, including diabetes, in the dental setting. METHODS: A brief, anonymous, self-administered questionnaire distributed to adult patients (≥18 years) attending 2 primary care dental clinics and 16 general dental practices in South-West England. RESULTS: One hundred and ninety-seven completed questionnaires were received from patients at primary care dental clinics and 429 from general dental practice patients. Overall, 87% of respondents thought that it was important or very important that dentists screened patients for medical conditions such as diabetes; 79% were very willing to let a dental team member carry out screening. The majority indicated willingness to be screened for various medical conditions during a visit to the dentist, with significantly higher proportions of respondents in the primary care clinics indicating willingness (hypertension: 83% vs 74%; heart disease: 77% vs 66%; diabetes 82% vs 72% [all p <0.02]). Nearly two thirds of primary care clinic respondents and over half of general practice patients indicated that they would be willing to discuss test results with the dental team. Overall, 61% had never knowingly been screened or tested for diabetes; 20% reported that they had been tested within the previous 12 months. CONCLUSION: The majority of respondents supported the concept of medical screening in a dental setting and were willing both to have screening tests and discuss their results with the dental team. Patient acceptance is paramount for successful implementation of such screening programmes.

Asunto(s)

Actitud Frente a la Salud , Servicios de Salud Dental , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Inglaterra , Humanos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto Joven

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to verify whether two demineralisation solutions, with different fluoride concentrations, would produce subsurface lesions in dentine, as assessed by microradiography, with different mineral loss profiles and, subsequently, to determine the dentine permeability of the two altered tissues. METHODS: Forty-five human coronal portions were prepared and randomly divided into two test groups (20 specimens each) with the remaining five as a control group. Each test group was exposed to a demineralisation solution containing either 1 or 5 ppm fluoride for five days. RESULTS: There were highly significant differences between the two test groups for all microradiographic parameters, except for lesion depth. The increase in dentine permeability from baseline to day 5 was statistically significant within each of the two test groups, but not for the control group. CONCLUSION: The differences in the mineral content profile of the two lesions did not influence the magnitude of change in their permeability.

Asunto(s)

Caries Dental/prevención & control , Esmalte Dental/efectos de los fármacos , Permeabilidad de la Dentina/efectos de los fármacos , Fluoruros/administración & dosificación , Remineralización Dental/métodos , Cariostáticos/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Microrradiografía , Desmineralización Dental/prevención & control

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether a dentine bonding agent (DBA) had an effect in reducing fluid filtration under cemented provisional crowns. METHODS: Crown preparations on 34 premolars, randomly allocated to two equal-sized test and control groups, were assessed for dentine permeability by a fluid filtration technique. In the test group, prepared crowns were acid-etched and then treated with a DBA (Prime & Bond NT). In the control group, no such DBA was applied. Provisional crowns were cemented on both groups of teeth using non-eugenol zinc oxide cement. Fluid filtration rates were measured repeatedly after crown preparation, at cementation, 1 h, 1 day, 1 week and 3 weeks following crown cementation for both groups. Filtration rates were also measured after acid-etching and dentine bonding for the test group. RESULTS: There was insufficient evidence to suggest any statistically significant differences either between the two groups or, on average, across the five time points in each group in terms of the relative percentage of fluid filtration. CONCLUSION: The DBA used did not seal dentinal tubules any more than did the smear layer and provisional crowns luted with a non-eugenol ZnO cement.

Asunto(s)

Coronas , Permeabilidad de la Dentina/efectos de los fármacos , Recubrimientos Dentinarios/farmacología , Grabado Ácido Dental , Cementación/métodos , Intervalos de Confianza , Cementos Dentales/uso terapéutico , Dentina/efectos de los fármacos , Dentina/ultraestructura , Líquido de la Dentina/efectos de los fármacos , Filtración/métodos , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Ácidos Polimetacrílicos/farmacología , Capa de Barro Dentinario , Preparación del Diente , Óxido de Zinc/uso terapéutico

RESUMEN

AIMS: The aims of this in vitro study were to compare the cariostatic potential of a resin modified glass ionomer cement (Fuji Ortho LC) to that of a resin control (Transbond) for bracket bonding and to compare the effect of extrinsic fluoride application on the cariostatic potential of each material. SETTING: Ex vivo study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Orthodontic brackets were bonded to 40 extracted premolars, 20 with Fuji Ortho LC and 20 with Transbond. The teeth were subjected to pH cycling, pH 4.55, and pH 6.8, over a 30-day period. Ten teeth bonded with each material were immersed in a 1000 ppm fluoride solution for 2 minutes each day. Fluoride release was measured throughout the study from all teeth. After 30 days, the teeth were assessed visually for signs of enamel decalcification. RESULTS: Significant differences in decalcification existed macroscopically between all four groups of teeth, with the exception of those bonded with Fuji Ortho LC alone compared with Transbond alone (P = 0.22), and Fuji Ortho LC alone compared with Transbond with added fluoride (P = 0.3). Fluoride release from Fuji Ortho LC alone fell to minimal values, but with the addition of extrinsic fluoride the levels fell initially and then followed an upward trend. There was minimal fluoride release, from Transbond alone, but with daily addition of extrinsic fluoride, subsequent fluoride release was increased. Significant differences existed in the amount of fluoride released between all groups, except comparing Fuji Ortho LC alone and Transbond with added fluoride. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study have indicated that with an in vitro tooth-bracket model, the creation of white spot inhibition could best be achieved by the use of a resin-modified glass ionomer cement, supplemented with fluoride exposure. The least protection was afforded by the composite control. The resin-modified glass ionomer cement alone and the composite with added fluoride demonstrated equivalent protection.

Asunto(s)

Cariostáticos/administración & dosificación , Fluoruros/administración & dosificación , Cementos de Ionómero Vítreo/química , Soportes Ortodóncicos , Cementos de Resina/química , Resinas Acrílicas , Silicatos de Aluminio , Análisis de Varianza , Diente Premolar , Bisfenol A Glicidil Metacrilato , Fluoruros Tópicos/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Ensayo de Materiales , Variaciones Dependientes del Observador , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Desmineralización Dental/prevención & control , Remineralización Dental

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: To compare, in vitro, the fluoride release from a conventional glass ionomer cement (Ketac-Cem), a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (3M-Multicure) and a polyacid modified composite (Ultra Band-Lok) using a banded tooth model and a disc model with the same mean cement weight. METHODS: Forty pairs of caries-free third molars were collected and divided into two groups, each of 20 teeth. One tooth from each pair was banded with Ketac-Cem and the other with Ultra Band-Lok or 3M-Multicure; the average band size for each cement group was the same. Two coats of nail varnish were painted on each tooth to within 1mm of the band margin. Five discs (4.5mm diameter and 2mm depth) were prepared for each cement, these dimensions having been calculated so that the mean cement weight of the banded tooth model matched that of the disc model for each cement. The fluoride released into 2ml of deionised water, from each banded tooth or disc, was measured at regular intervals over 30 days using an Orion ion-selective electrode connected to an ion analyser. RESULTS: At 30 days, for both banded tooth and disc models, the mean cumulative fluoride release was greatest from 3M-Multicure followed by Ketac-Cem, which in turn released more fluoride than Ultra Band-Lok. These differences were all significant (p<0.05). Despite having the same mean cement weight, the banded tooth model for Ketac-Cem and 3M-Multicure released approximately 3-4 times more cumulative fluoride than the disc model after 30 days (p<001). For Ultra Band-Lok, both models released comparable levels of fluoride (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Cement type, specimen geometry and surface area appear to influence significantly fluoride release characteristics.

Asunto(s)

Cariostáticos/química , Cementos Dentales/química , Fluoruros/química , Soportes Ortodóncicos , Compómeros/química , Cementos de Ionómero Vítreo/química , Humanos , Electrodos de Iones Selectos , Curación por Luz de Adhesivos Dentales/métodos , Óxido de Magnesio/química , Ensayo de Materiales/métodos , Tercer Molar , Cemento de Policarboxilato/química , Cementos de Resina/química , Propiedades de Superficie , Factores de Tiempo , Óxido de Zinc/química

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this in vitro study were firstly to compare fluoride release from a disc model of two orthodontic cements with various surfaces varnished, reducing the surface area by 25, 50 and 75%; secondly, to measure the fluoride release from previously exhausted discs of the same cements following removal of various depths of surface material. METHODS: Forty discs of each cement, Fuji Ortho LC and Ultra Band-Lok, (6mm diameter by 3mm) were divided into two groups of 20 discs each. For each material, the first group was divided further into four groups of five discs, one group acting as control, while the other three groups were varnished reducing the surface area by 25, 50 and 75%, respectively. The second group was exhausted initially over a 60 day pre-experimental period and was subsequently divided into four groups of five discs, one group acting as control. The other three groups had material ground from one of the flat surfaces, to depths of 10, 100 or 1000 microm, to reveal a fresh surface. In both studies, the discs were immersed either daily (up to day 20) or twice weekly (up to day 60) in fresh 2ml aliquots of deionised water. The fluoride concentration in the deionised water was measured at the end of the experimental period. RESULTS: For each cement, the relationship between the cumulative fluoride release and the percentage of the surface covered was clearly non linear at both 5 and 60 days. Fuji Ortho LC proved to release significantly greater amounts of fluoride at both 5 days and 60 days compared with Ultra Band-Lok. The results for Ultra Band-Lok were also significant when compared to the control group, but significantly less fluoride was released when compared with Fuji Ortho LC. When comparing the 25 and 50% covered discs, the amount of fluoride released was not significantly different for both cements. Furthermore, the relationship between fluoride release and depth was clearly non linear for both cements. CONCLUSIONS: For the materials tested in this study, reducing the surface area of the discs did not reduce the cumulative fluoride release in a linear fashion. In addition, the previously exhausted discs began to release fluoride again, but this fell to concentrations similar to the control discs after the initial 5-day period for both cements. This suggests that further traces of previously unreleased fluoride had become available from the subsurface of these cements. The pattern of fluoride release was similar for all models tested.

Asunto(s)

Cariostáticos/química , Cementos Dentales/química , Fluoruros/química , Soportes Ortodóncicos , Resinas Acrílicas/química , Silicatos de Aluminio/química , Compómeros/química , Cementos de Ionómero Vítreo/química , Humanos , Ensayo de Materiales , Cementos de Resina/química , Propiedades de Superficie , Factores de Tiempo , Agua/química

RESUMEN

This study aimed to determine the contribution of the underlying dentine and the enamel-dentine junction to measurements of mineral loss from enamel recorded using quantitative light fluorescence (QLF). Sixteen square blocks (5 x 5 mm) were cut from the labial surfaces of extracted bovine incisor teeth. A dental drill was used to remove dentine and the enamel-dentine junction from half of each specimen. All specimens were embedded in epoxy resin and ground to produce a smooth, flat enamel surface. Half of the enamel surface of the block, perpendicular to where the dentine had been removed, was demineralised for 72 h prior to undertaking QLF measurements from the enamel surface to compare fluorescence loss from different areas of the block. QLF readings taken from lesions with no underlying dentine or enamel-dentine junction were very similar to readings from lesions with underlying dentine. A comparison of the two data sets demonstrated a linear relationship with a gradient of 0.95 and a y intercept of -1.24 (r(2) = 0.936). From these data, the underlying dentine and enamel-dentine junction did not influence mineral loss in enamel measured using QLF.

Asunto(s)

Esmalte Dental/patología , Dentina/fisiología , Desmineralización Dental/diagnóstico , Animales , Bovinos , Fluorescencia , Análisis de Regresión

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to estimate the amount of mercury released into both air and saliva from fresh and aged, abraded amalgam discs and then investigate neurotoxic effects of inorganic mercury upon sensory neuronal cultures. METHODS: An air-tight chamber was constructed to allow the combined estimation of mercury species released from amalgam pellets. The level released into air and saliva from both freshly packed and aged-abraded amalgam pellets was assessed. Dorsal root ganglia cultures from male CBA mice were exposed to 1 and 10 microM mercuric chloride concentrations. The effects of this were assessed by means of morphology, adhesion, size and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: The mercury released into air from dry fresh amalgam was low and less than the recommended industrial exposure limit for mercury. However, covering the discs with saliva reduced air-mercury levels by 46-56% and there was a statistically significant difference in the air-mercury levels recorded (p=0.013-0.048). The mercury released into air from dry abraded amalgam was shown to be above the recommended industrial limit. Coating the abraded amalgam discs with saliva reduced the mercury by 66-72% with the levels recorded being significantly lower (p<0.001). The level of total mercury within the saliva was found to be highly variable. Little change was noted in the neuronal cultures treated with 1 microM mercuric chloride. However, the cultures exposed to high level (10 microM) mercuric chloride showed cells that became rounded and clumped together indicating pathological change. CONCLUSIONS: Amalgam placement appears to present minimal mercury exposure risk. To reduce the amount of mercury released into air, however, amalgam should be polished in a moist atmosphere with high volume aspiration. The neurotoxic effect of mercury appears to be related to concentration, as only in the cultures treated with 10 microM mercuric chloride showed striking qualitative and quantitative cellular changes.

Asunto(s)

Amalgama Dental/química , Ganglios Espinales/efectos de los fármacos , Mercurio/química , Aire , Animales , Adhesión Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Tamaño de la Célula/efectos de los fármacos , Técnicas de Cultivo , Pulido Dental , Difusión , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Cloruro de Mercurio/toxicidad , Mercurio/toxicidad , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos CBA , Neuronas Aferentes/efectos de los fármacos , Neuropéptido Y/análisis , Saliva/química , Estadística como Asunto , Propiedades de Superficie , Volatilización

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: To investigate, in vitro, the potential dental effects of diluting juices by measuring their acidity levels and to examine the effect dilution has on the potential erosive properties of the drinks. METHODS: Four commonly available diluting drinks were assessed for both pH and titratable acidity at a variety of dilutions, reflecting the range of concentrations over which such drinks may be consumed. Predetermined dilutions of citric acid and hydrochloric acid, with similar pH values to those of the drinks, were used as positive control acidic solutions. The pH measurements throughout the study were made using a pH electrode connected to an Orion EA940 IonAnalyser. RESULTS: All four drinks demonstrated a high degree of resistance to a rise in pH, indicating high intrinsic buffering capacity. The measured pH changed very little with increasing dilution ratio when compared to the citric and hydrochloric acid controls, even when considered extremely dilute. In contrast, the titratable acidity of each of the drinks reduced proportionally with increasing dilution, thereby reducing considerably its erosive potential. CONCLUSIONS: While dilution had very little effect on the measured pH values, the titratable acidity reduced as the drink became more dilute. Since there appears to be a direct relationship between dilution and titratable acidity, the erosive potential of diluting juices may be reduced substantially by the addition of water. It remains unlikely, however, that the drinks would ever be consumed at a 'safe' level of dilution due to diminished taste and colour.

Asunto(s)

Bebidas/efectos adversos , Bebidas/análisis , Erosión de los Dientes/inducido químicamente , Tampones (Química) , Frutas , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Soluciones/química , Volumetría

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The ability of an experimental coating, Odyssey, to prevent demineralisation ex vivo was compared with that of a fluoride varnish, Duraphat and a chlorhexidine-containing varnish, Cervitec. DESIGN: an ex vivo single-blind study. SETTING: Hard tissue research laboratory. MATERIALS AND METHODS: thirty bovine enamel blocks 0.5 cm x 1.5 cm were divided into 6 groups of 5 specimens. The enamel blocks were then allocated to one of 6 surface treatments. INTERVENTIONS: (1) surface left unprepared (control), (2) Duraphat application, (3) Cervitec application, (4) experimental polymer coating, (5) enamel conditioned with 10% citric acid and coated with the experimental polymer coating Odyssey (O + C), (6) enamel etched for 30 sec with 37% phosphoric acid and coated with the experimental coating (O + E). All specimens were cycled for 7 days through a daily procedure of demineralisation for 4 hours and remineralisation for 20 hours, and exposed to an equivalent of 2 months toothbrushing. A single operator blinded to the treatment allocation of each specimen carried artificial lesion depth assessment out using computer-assisted transverse microradiography. RESULTS: The control group had the greatest mean lesion depth (97.16 + 29.8 microm) with the Duraphat group exhibiting the lowest mean lesion depth (24.53 + 15.44 microm). The Duraphat, Odyssey, O + C and O + E groups all had significantly less lesion depth when compared with no surface preparation (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). There were no significant differences between any of the Odyssey groups. CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of Duraphat application in preventing demineralisation ex vivo has been demonstrated in the present study, but clinical trials are required to assess its usefulness in orthodontic practice.

Asunto(s)

Clorhexidina/uso terapéutico , Selladores de Fosas y Fisuras/uso terapéutico , Fluoruro de Sodio/uso terapéutico , Timol/uso terapéutico , Desmineralización Dental/prevención & control , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Antiinfecciosos Locales/uso terapéutico , Bovinos , Combinación de Medicamentos , Fluoruros Tópicos/uso terapéutico , Pintura , Polímeros/uso terapéutico , Método Simple Ciego , Estadísticas no Paramétricas

RESUMEN

The study aimed to compare the survival time and cariostatic potential of a compomer to that of a resin adhesive when used to bond stainless steel orthodontic brackets to labial segment teeth only. The effect of the patients' sex, age at the start of treatment and presenting malocclusion on bracket survival time was assessed also. Forty-five consecutive patients who attended for fixed appliance therapy were randomly selected. Four hundred twenty-six brackets were bonded (213 with compomer and 213 with resin adhesive) with a split mouth design; the right or left side allocation of compomer in either arch was alternated. Color transparencies of the maxillary incisors, mandibular incisors, or both, and transparencies of the canines, were taken before treatment. At the debond stage, the transparencies were projected (20x) and assessed by an experienced examiner, who used a caries index. The survival time distributions for brackets bonded with each bonding agent were not significantly different (P = .74, paired Prentice-Wilcoxon test; P = .75, Akritas test), with bracket failure rates of 17% and 20% recorded for compomer and resin adhesive, respectively. Neither the patients' sex (P = .85) nor malocclusion (P = .26) appear to affect significantly bracket survival, but patient age was identified as a useful prognostic indicator of bracket survival (P < .001). On average, there was more decalcification related to brackets bonded with resin adhesive than with compomer (P = .0075). Survival time distributions of brackets bonded with compomer or resin adhesive appear comparable, but decalcification was reduced significantly by bonding with compomer.

Asunto(s)

Compómeros , Recubrimiento Dental Adhesivo , Soportes Ortodóncicos , Cementos de Resina , Adolescente , Factores de Edad , Cariostáticos/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Maloclusión/clasificación , Metacrilatos , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Análisis de Regresión , Factores Sexuales , Silicatos , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Análisis de Supervivencia , Desmineralización Dental/prevención & control

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: To compare, in vitro, the fluoride release, microbial inhibition and microleakage pattern of a conventional glass ionomer cement (Ketac-Cem) and an acid-modified composite (Ultra Band-Lok) for band cementation. METHODS: Fluoride release was measured from cement discs (3.0 mm diameter and 1.5 mm thick) at regular intervals over 40 days using a potentiometric method. Microbial inhibition was determined for each cement using an agar diffusion test against one of four different strains of Streptococcus mutans. Thirty pairs of banded third molars (15 banded pairs for each cement) were thermocycled and microleakage determined by a dye penetration method. The depth of microleakage was assessed by an index applied by two examiners independently to photographic records taken of the mid-buccal aspect of each tooth. RESULTS: The cumulative and daily fluoride release for days 5, 15 and 40 were significantly greater for Ketac-Cem than for Ultra Band-Lok (all p < 0.05). After the initial set, the anti-microbial activity was significantly greater for Ketac-Cem than for Ultra Band-Lok over the following 24 h period for all four strains of S. mutans (all p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two cement groups for microleakage at the cement/enamel interface (p = 0.66) but a borderline significance was detected for microleakage at the cement/band interface (p = 0.051). CONCLUSIONS: The fluoride release and anti-microbial activity of Ketac-Cem were greater than that of Ultra Band-Lok. There was no significant difference in microleakage between the cements at the cement/enamel interface but a borderline difference existed between the cements at the cement/band interface.

Asunto(s)

Recubrimiento Dental Adhesivo/métodos , Filtración Dental , Fluoruros/química , Cementos de Ionómero Vítreo , Óxido de Magnesio , Cemento de Policarboxilato , Óxido de Zinc , Resinas Compuestas/química , Resinas Compuestas/farmacología , Fluoruros/farmacología , Cementos de Ionómero Vítreo/química , Cementos de Ionómero Vítreo/farmacología , Óxido de Magnesio/química , Óxido de Magnesio/farmacología , Ensayo de Materiales , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Variaciones Dependientes del Observador , Aparatos Ortodóncicos , Cemento de Policarboxilato/química , Cemento de Policarboxilato/farmacología , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Óxido de Zinc/química , Óxido de Zinc/farmacología

RESUMEN

The initial aim of this study was to investigate the effect of saliva and the formation of pellicle on the fluoride release in vitro of the glass-ionomer filling material, Chemfil Superior. For the first study glass-ionomer discs of 6 mm in diameter and 1.5 mm thick were made. Ten discs were immersed in whole stimulated saliva each day for 10 min and 10 control discs were immersed in deionized water. For the remaining 23 h and 50 min of each day, over the 20-day experimental period, both test and control discs were placed in deionized water. A considerable amount of fluoride was released on the first day (14.5 ppm F control and 13.3 ppm F test). The concentration of fluoride released on the second day fell sharply to 5.3 ppm F for controls and 4.9 ppm F for tests. This release had almost reached a plateau by day 10 and at day 20 the pellets continued to release low levels of fluoride. The concentration of fluoride released was only slightly higher for controls than for test discs when both were immersed in deionized water until day 20. However, during the 10-min period between 1.5 and 2 times as much fluoride was released into the deionized water as into saliva until day 20 when the ratio fell to 1.2:1. The second experiment assessed fluoride release when specimens were incubated for 1 h using an identical protocol. Again, less fluoride was released from the saliva-coated specimens compared with the controls (17%), which was not substantially different to the comparable 10-min samples (13%). This study indicates that saliva retards the release of fluoride from glass-ionomer and that this retarding effect is still present when discs are subsequently immersed in water compared with those that were placed in water alone. This suggests that salivary deposits have formed within minutes of immersion in saliva. This retarding effect was observed throughout the study period with the exception of the 20-day samples which had been incubated in saliva for 10 min.

Asunto(s)

Depósitos Dentarios/fisiopatología , Fluoruros/análisis , Cementos de Ionómero Vítreo/química , Saliva/fisiología , Película Dental , Fluoruros/química , Humanos , Factores de Tiempo

RESUMEN

The present study aims to assess the ability of saliva, both in vitro and in situ, to prevent surface mineral loss from enamel and dentine when exposed to an erosive challenge. Fifteen groups of four varnished thin tooth sections were stored in saliva collected from individuals taking part in the in situ study and a further eight groups, each containing four sections, were stored in deionised water. In vitro, sections were stored in saliva or water for 14 days. In addition, fifteen subjects each wore an appliance with four varnished sections. Appliances with sections were worn for 14 days. All sections were exposed to 25 ml of erosion solution for 5 min twice daily. Microradiography and image analysis of the recovered sections demonstrated significant protection of surface mineral loss from enamel and dentine by saliva in vitro and in situ compared with deionised water (p < 0.05). Significantly less mineral loss (p < 0.05) was observed for enamel and dentine stored in situ compared with storage in saliva in vitro. Generalised linear modelling demonstrated both the subject and protocol had significant effect on mineral loss. A weak positive correlation (r = 0.64) was noted when in situ and in vitro mineral loss from enamel were compared, demonstrating greater reactivity of the in vitro enamel specimens to the erosion challenge. The dentine data did not show any linear correlation. Saliva protected against mineral loss by erosion and, for enamel, in vitro results demonstrated a weak positive correlation with in situ results.

Asunto(s)

Saliva/fisiología , Erosión de los Dientes/prevención & control , Esmalte Dental/química , Dentina/química , Humanos , Agua

RESUMEN

The aim of this in vitro study was to compare fluoride release from two cement disc models (partially varnished and unvarnished) of three orthodontic bonding materials with fluoride release from the same materials when used to bond an orthodontic bracket onto a tooth surface. A resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Vitremer) and a compomer material (Dyract Ortho) were compared with a conventional resin adhesive (Right-On). Ten discs (3.0 mm diameter and 1.5 mm thick) of each material were manufactured in a silicone mould and ten premolar teeth were bonded with orthodontic brackets using each material. All the premolar teeth were covered with nail varnish up to the bracket periphery and five of the discs for each material were coated with nail varnish on both upper and lower surfaces which halved the surface area. The fluoride released into 2 ml of deionised water, from each tooth or disc, was measured at regular intervals over 60 days. At 60 days, cumulative fluoride release was highest from the unvarnished discs, less for the varnished discs and least from the tooth-bracket model for both test materials. Despite having twice the surface area, the unvarnished disc model released only 1.2 to 1.5 times more fluoride than the varnished disc model. Compared with the tooth-bracket model, the unvarnished discs released 3.0 to 4.5 times more fluoride, whereas the varnished discs released only 2.2 to 3.7 times more fluoride. For the materials tested in this study, halving the surface of the discs did not reduce the cumulative fluoride release by half. The tooth/bracket model with minimal bonding material demonstrated substantial cumulative fluoride release. The pattern of fluoride release was similar for all models tested.

Asunto(s)

Compómeros , Resinas Compuestas/química , Recubrimiento Dental Adhesivo , Fluoruros/química , Cementos de Ionómero Vítreo/química , Metacrilatos/química , Cementos de Resina/química , Silicatos/química , Análisis de Varianza , Diente Premolar , Recubrimiento de la Cavidad Dental , Fluoruros/análisis , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Soportes Ortodóncicos , Proyectos Piloto , Propiedades de Superficie , Factores de Tiempo

RESUMEN

The pH of fruit juices and carbonated drinks are known to be low and have, therefore, been implicated in the increasing incidence of erosion. The ability of a drink to resist pH changes brought about by salivary buffering may play an important part in the erosion process. The aims of this study were to measure the initial pH of several widely available soft drinks and determine their buffering capacities. As part of a larger study, the following groups of drinks were tested: pure fruit juices, non-fruit-based carbonated drinks, fruit-based carbonated drinks, flavoured spring waters, and plain carbonated mineral waters as positive controls with still water as the negative control. The measurement of pH was carried out using a pH electrode connected to an Orion EA940 Ionanalyser. One hundred millilitres of each drink was then titrated with 1 M sodium hydroxide, added in 0.5 mL increments, until the pH reached 10. Each titration was repeated three times. The average initial pH was lowest for the non-fruit-based drinks (2.81+/-0.274) and highest for plain mineral water (7.4+/-0.1002). The buffering capacities can be ordered as follows: fruit juices>fruit-based carbonated drinks and flavoured mineral waters>non-fruit-based carbonated drinks>sparkling mineral waters>still mineral water. It is concluded that fruit juices and fruit-based carbonated beverages, with their increased buffering capacities, may induce a prolonged drop in oral pH.

Asunto(s)

Bebidas/análisis , Bebidas Gaseosas/análisis , Erosión de los Dientes/inducido químicamente , Bebidas/efectos adversos , Tampones (Química) , Bebidas Gaseosas/efectos adversos , Aromatizantes/análisis , Frutas , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Incidencia , Electrodos de Iones Selectos , Aguas Minerales/análisis , Saliva/fisiología , Hidróxido de Sodio/química , Volumetría , Agua/análisis

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: Recurrent caries is one of the most common reasons for the replacement of restorations. One method of reducing the frequency of this problem may be by using fluoride-releasing restorative materials. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the progression of artificial lesions around resin-modified glass ionomer (Vitremer) restorations placed in root surfaces. Class V cavities were prepared on the mesial and distal surfaces of 28 human premolar teeth. Artificial carious wall lesions were created in all cavities. The root of each tooth was then hemisected through the middle of the two cavities, before being restored with either the glass ionomer or amalgam, while the opposing cavities on the same root portion were varnished as negative controls. Forty-eight specimens were pH-cycled in remineralising and demineralising solutions for 20 h and 4 h, respectively, each day for 4 weeks, whilst in a smaller control group of eight specimens, the demineralising solution was replaced with deionised water. Mineral changes in the carious lesions were evaluated using contact microradiography. RESULTS: Results showed that varying degrees of subsurface demineralisation and remineralisation were evident, with a laminated appearance in lesions adjacent to the glass ionomer. There was higher remineralisation in the glass ionomer-filled cavities compared with the amalgam-filled cavities. In the water-cycled group, glass ionomer showed an increase in mineral content (p < 0.05), while no changes were observed in the amalgam-filled cavities. CONCLUSIONS: This model has shown that glass ionomer has a greater potential than amalgam for remineralisation of artificially created wall lesions within an acidic environment.

Asunto(s)

Restauración Dental Permanente , Dentina/patología , Cementos de Ionómero Vítreo/química , Cementos de Resina/química , Caries Radicular/prevención & control , Desmineralización Dental/prevención & control , Diente Premolar , Cariostáticos/administración & dosificación , Cariostáticos/química , Cariostáticos/uso terapéutico , Resinas Compuestas/química , Amalgama Dental/química , Preparación de la Cavidad Dental/clasificación , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Fluoruros/administración & dosificación , Fluoruros/química , Fluoruros/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Microrradiografía , Minerales/análisis , Recurrencia , Caries Radicular/patología , Caries Radicular/fisiopatología , Desmineralización Dental/patología , Desmineralización Dental/fisiopatología , Remineralización Dental

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to compare the local and systemic uptake of fluoride released from a compomer material (Dyract Ortho) and a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Vitremer) with that of a conventional resin adhesive (Right-On) and to compare the cariostatic ability of each of the test materials with that of the resin control. METHODS: Twenty six patients were randomly allocated to have a bracket bonded to a premolar on one side of the arch with one of the test materials and on the opposite side with the control material. Premolars destined for extraction as part of an orthodontic treatment plan were selected for bonding. A non-fluoride toothpaste was used by all participants for 4 weeks prior to bracket bonding and throughout the 4 week trial period. Fluoride release was measured in saliva, plaque and urine samples taken pre-bonding and 4 weeks post-bonding. Enamel demineralisation was assessed by scoring the buccal surface of each extracted tooth using a caries index. RESULTS: Neither Vitremer nor Dyract Ortho altered salivary or urinary fluoride concentration significantly 4 weeks post-bonding but plaque fluoride concentration increased significantly around premolars bonded with Vitremer. The test materials as a combined group were associated with significantly less demineralisation than the control material but there was no significant difference in cariostatic ability detected between either Dyract Ortho or Vitremer when each group was compared separately with the control. CONCLUSIONS: Fluoride released from Dyract Ortho or Vitremer is likely to exert a local and not a systemic effect. In a 4-week clinical study, the cariostatic ability of the fluoride-releasing cements, as a combined group, was superior to that of the non-fluoride releasing control but there was no significant difference in cariostatic ability between the two test materials when each test group was compared separately with the control.

Asunto(s)

Cariostáticos/química , Compómeros , Resinas Compuestas/química , Recubrimiento Dental Adhesivo , Fluoruros/química , Cementos de Ionómero Vítreo/química , Metacrilatos/química , Soportes Ortodóncicos , Cementos de Resina/química , Silicatos/química , Adolescente , Cariostáticos/análisis , Cariostáticos/uso terapéutico , Caries Dental/prevención & control , Esmalte Dental/patología , Placa Dental/química , Recubrimientos Dentinarios/química , Femenino , Fluoruros/análisis , Fluoruros/uso terapéutico , Fluoruros/orina , Humanos , Masculino , Saliva/química , Desmineralización Dental/patología , Desmineralización Dental/prevención & control

RESUMEN

Four cases of regional odontodysplasia are described. Clinically erupted teeth appear hypoplastic and are often mobile. The radiographic appearance has given rise to the term 'ghost teeth' and the cases presented demonstrate this with short roots which are less well calcified than normal teeth. Clinical and radiographic findings showed that this condition affects only one side of the jaw, but can be seen in any part of the upper or lower jaws. This article represents cases in different parts of the mouth with varying degrees of involvement.

Asunto(s)

Odontodisplasia/patología , Proceso Alveolar/anomalías , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Incisivo/anomalías , Masculino , Odontodisplasia/complicaciones , Odontodisplasia/diagnóstico por imagen , Radiografía , Erupción Dental , Movilidad Dentaria/etiología , Raíz del Diente/anomalías , Diente Primario

RESUMEN

Plaque pH was measured using a glass combination pH microelectrode of plaque deposits lining the trough of an intra-oral appliance which contained single sections of human teeth with artificial enamel lesions. Plaque exposure to a 10% sucrose solution produced significantly lower plaque pH levels than a solution of sorbitol gum extract. The subsequent flow of saliva over the plaque/pH electrode interface resulted in a significant and rapid increase in pH. Repeat experiments, using deionised water instead of saliva, demonstrated no increase in pH at the plaque/electrode interface. This system may provide a convenient method of producing plaque suitable for repeated pH analysis in intimate association with artificial enamel lesions. This may permit further study of the relationship between plaque acidogenicity, salivary buffering capacity and mineral change within the incipient enamel lesion.

Asunto(s)

Pruebas de Actividad de Caries Dental/instrumentación , Caries Dental/metabolismo , Placa Dental/química , Adulto , Tampones (Química) , Electrodos , Femenino , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Saliva/fisiología , Sorbitol/farmacología , Sacarosa/farmacología , Desmineralización Dental/metabolismo , Agua/química