RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic was characterized by an abundance of information, some of it reliable and some of it misinformation. Evidence-based data on the impact of misinformation on attitudes and behaviours remains limited. Studies indicate that older adults are more likely to embrace and disseminate misinformation than other population groups, making them vulnerable to misinformation. The purpose of this article is to explore the effects of misinformation and information overload on older adults, and to present the management strategies put in place to deal with such effects, in the context of COVID-19. METHODS: A qualitative exploratory approach was adopted to conduct this research. A total of 36 semi-structured interviews were conducted with older adults living in Quebec, Canada. The interviews were fully transcribed and subjected to a thematic content analysis. RESULTS: Participants said they could easily spot misinformation online. Despite this, misinformation and its treatment by the media could generate fear, stress and anxiety. Moreover, the polarization induced by misinformation resulted in tensions and even friendship breakdowns. Participants also denounced the information overload produced largely by the media. To this end, the participants set up information routines targeting the sources of information and the times at which they consulted the information. CONCLUSIONS: This article questions the concept of vulnerability to misinformation by highlighting older adults' agency in managing misinformation and information overload. Furthermore, this study invites us to rethink communication strategies by distinguishing between information overload and misinformation.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Pandemias , Humanos , Anciano , Comunicación , Investigación Cualitativa , Ansiedad , Trastornos de AnsiedadRESUMEN
Cadmium is a widely used heavy metal that causes severe damage to many organs including liver, kidney and lung. Cadmium toxicity has been described as in vitro and in vivo apoptosis but its molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we used the human lymphoblastoid cell line Boleth to characterise cadmium-induced apoptosis further, using sub-lethal (10 microM) and lethal (IC50: 350 microM) doses. At lethal concentration, we observed features of apoptosis between 6 and 8 h after treatment: maturation of caspases 3 and 8, poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) cleavage and DNA fragmentation. In order to determine the role of the MAPKs in this process, we investigated p38, ERK1/2 and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNK) phosphorylation: at lethal concentration, all these pathways were rapidly activated, but no decrease in the apoptotic rate was seen on inhibition of these kinases with drugs. Chemical inhibitors of caspases 3 and 8 blocked cleavage of PARP but not cell death, suggesting the existence of a caspase-independent death. We found that cadmium depolarised membrane potential in less than 1 h, as determined with DiOC6 dye. Interestingly, mitochondrial alteration led to the translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) to the nucleus, where we observed chromatin condensation and possibly DNA fragmentation. These results suggest that cadmium-induced apoptosis can occur in the Boleth cell line through caspase-dependent and -independent pathways, independently of activation of major MAPKs.
Asunto(s)
Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Cadmio/toxicidad , Linfocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Factor Inductor de la Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Factor Inductor de la Apoptosis/metabolismo , Cloruro de Cadmio/toxicidad , Línea Celular , Transformación Celular Viral , Fragmentación del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Herpesvirus Humano 4 , Humanos , Linfocitos/virologíaRESUMEN
Cell shape plays a role in cell growth, differentiation, and death. Herein, we used the hepatocyte, a normal, highly differentiated cell characterized by a long G1 phase, to understand the mechanisms that link cell shape to growth. First, evidence was provided that the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade is a key transduction pathway controlling the hepatocyte morphology. MEK2/ERK2 activation in early G1 phase did not lead to cell proliferation but induced cell shape spreading and demonstration was provided that this MAPK-dependent spreading was required for reaching G1/S transition and DNA replication. Moreover, epidermal growth factor (EGF) was found to control this morphogenic signal in addition to its mitogenic effect. Thus, blockade of cell spreading by cytochalasin D or PD98059 treatment resulted in inhibition of EGF-dependent DNA replication. Our data led us to assess the first third of G1, is exclusively devoted to the growth factor-dependent morphogenic events, whereas the mitogenic signal occurred at only approximately mid-G1 phase. Moreover, these two growth factor-related sequential signaling events involved successively activation of MEK2-ERK2 and then MEK1/2-ERK1/2 isoforms. In addition, we demonstrated that inhibition of extracellular matrix receptor, such as integrin beta1 subunit, leads to cell arrest in G1, whereas EGF was found to up-regulated integrin beta1 and fibronectin in a MEK-ERK-dependent manner. This process in relation to cytoskeletal reorganization could induce hepatocyte spreading, making them permissive for DNA replication. Our results provide new insight into the mechanisms by which a growth factor can temporally control dual morphogenic and mitogenic signals during the G1 phase.
Asunto(s)
Tamaño de la Célula/efectos de los fármacos , Tamaño de la Célula/fisiología , Factor de Crecimiento Epidérmico/farmacología , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Fase S/efectos de los fármacos , Fase S/fisiología , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Células Cultivadas , Cartilla de ADN/genética , Activación Enzimática/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Fibronectinas/genética , Flavonoides/farmacología , Fase G1/efectos de los fármacos , Fase G1/fisiología , Hepatocitos/citología , Hepatocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Hepatocitos/metabolismo , Técnicas In Vitro , Integrina beta1/genética , Regeneración Hepática/efectos de los fármacos , Regeneración Hepática/fisiología , Fosforilación , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Transducción de Señal/fisiología , Regulación hacia Arriba/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Considering the consequences of social instability within the health care system has become a public health priority. Each public hospital center in France is obliged to create a unit for welcoming impoverished and vulnerable people (Permanently Maintained Health Care Facilities). The university hospital in Nantes opened a socio-medical out-patient consultation service in November 1999 with the main objective being to bring these patients back into the usual ambulatory care system. The evaluation of the first few months of its operation reveals that one out of every two patients is a young person with a low-income and without any social protection. The possibilities of reorientation towards the regular care system are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Atención a la Salud , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Derechos Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Francia , Hospitales Universitarios , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores SocioeconómicosAsunto(s)
Maloclusión/cirugía , Maloclusión/terapia , Ortodoncia Correctiva , Planificación de Atención al Paciente , Cefalometría , Arco Dental/patología , Humanos , Maxilares/patología , Maloclusión/patología , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Ortognáticos , Osteotomía/métodos , Cuidados Posoperatorios , Cuidados Preoperatorios , Diente/patología , Dimensión VerticalRESUMEN
Following the observation of alveolar, periodontal and dental lesions following dental displacement, the authors performed histological examinations. Lacunae of root resorption were observed in the pressure zones. The ligamentous fibres were less organised and, when strong pressures were exerted, they became parallel to the tooth. Osteoclasts and bone resorption were observed in the alveolar bone. Osteoblasts and bone apposition were observed in areas of stretched ligaments. These tissue reactions were not always reversible; dental displacement should be considered to be a high risk procedure.