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Ultrasound (US) imaging despite being safe, cost-effective, and radiation-free, presents poor quality and artifacts, requiring specific medical training in US probe handling and image evaluation. The use of simulators to train physicians has proven its effectiveness, but most of them require specific facilities and hardware. In the last few years, augmented reality has gained relevance to simulate real scenarios which can avoid large setups and broaden medical training to more physicians. This work proposes a new framework for the training of US images acquisition. It consists of a custom-made application that runs on AR glasses (Microsoft HoloLens 2) and interacts with a US simulator application. The AR glasses track the orientation of a QR code mounted on a US probe, communicating its orientation with the US simulator application. This allows the physician to interact with a US probe seeing in real-time the US image in the physician's field of view. The QR code tracking assessment of the AR glasses was conducted by measuring the orientation accuracy and precision when compared with the measures of an electromagnetic tracking device (i.e., NDI Aurora). The proposed solution presented a good performance, rendering the US image in AR glasses with real-time feedback. Moreover, it can track the QR code on the US probe with an accuracy of 0.755°, and a precision of 0.018°. Overall, the proposed framework presents promising results and the use of AR glasses as a tracking device reached a good performance. Clinical Relevance- Simulation is a relevant tool to train physicians, especially in US imaging. AR glasses can broaden the training to less trained physicians by reducing the need for complex setups. This technology allows the implementation of a more natural user interface, which can be relevant in scenarios where good coordination between the eyes and hands of the physician is necessary (i.e., Biopsies).

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BACKGROUND: Infectious diseases are a common cause of increased morbidity and mortality in elderly patients. Bacteraemia in the elderly is a difficult diagnosis and a therapeutic challenge due to age-related vicissitudes and to their comorbidities. The main purpose of the study was to assess independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality among the elderly with bacteraemia admitted to an Internal Medicine Ward. METHODS: Overall, a cohort of 135 patients, 65 years of age and older, with bacteraemia were retrospectively studied. Data related to demographic information, comorbidities, clinical parameters on admission, source and type of infection, microorganism isolated in the blood culture, laboratory data and empirical antibiotic treatment was recorded from each patient. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of all-cause in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: Of these 135 patients, 45.9% were women. The most common infections in this group of patients were urinary tract infections (46.7%). The main microorganisms isolated in the blood cultures were Escherichia coli (14.9%), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (12.0%), non-MRSA (11.4%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (9.1%) and Enterococcus faecalis (8.0%). The in-hospital mortality was 22.2%. Independent prognostic factors associated with in-hospital mortality were age ≥ 85 years, chronic renal disease, bacteraemia of unknown focus and cognitive impairment at admission (OR, 2.812 [95% CI, 1.039-7.611; p = 0.042]; OR, 6.179 [95% CI, 1.840-20.748; p = 0.003]; OR, 8.673 [95% CI, 1.557-48.311; p = 0.014] and OR, 3.621 [95% CI, 1.226-10.695; p = 0.020], respectively). By multivariate analysis appropriate antibiotic therapy was not associated with lower odds of mortality. CONCLUSION: Bacteraemia in the elderly has a high mortality rate. There are no set of signs or clinical features that can predict bacteraemia in the elderly. However, older age (≥ 85 years), chronic renal disease, bacteraemia of unknown focus and severe cognitive impairment adversely affects the outcome of elderly patients with bacteraemia admitted to an Internal Medicine ward.

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Field sampling was carried out in Ouro Preto d'Oeste - Rondônia (10 degrees 45'S and 62 degrees 15'W) to evaluate the mycobiota associated with Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari [cuticle, mouth, prothorax (mycangia), gut and feces] and its galleries on berries of Coffea canephora Pierre. Ten genera (201 isolates) were directly related with the insect while five genera (20 isolates) were related with galleries on berries. All the genera identified in the insects were also present in their galleries, what indicates that boring may be an active way of fungi inoculation by H. hampei. The fungi genera were more diverse in the mouth and prothorax of borers, and lower in feces. Fusarium, Penicillium and Geotrichum, with abundance of 55.7, 24.3 and 10.8%, respectively, were dominant genera. In the galleries Fusarium, Geotrichum, Trichoderma and Aspergillus with abundance of 33.3, 29.6, 18.5 and 14.8%, respectively, were dominant genera. The overall presence of Fusarium in coffee berry borer and its galleries) reinforces previous indications of a close interaction between H. hampei-Fusarium. The presence of Aspergillus and Penicillium emphasizes the possibility of "ochratoxin dispersion" by the borer. This work provides the first record of the mycobiota associated with H. hampei in C. canephora. Among the identified genera, Cephalosporium, Geotrichum and Oidiodendrum were recorded for the first time in association with H. hampei and its galleries in C. canephora.

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Adults of Cephalonomia stephanoderis Betrem were detected (in November 2003) during the sampling of Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner berries damaged by Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Ouro Preto D'Oeste - Rondônia, Brazil (10 degrees 45'S and 62 degrees 15'W). From January to July 2004, the parasitoid was monthly sampled in 200 berries damaged by H. hampei. Probably, C. stephanoderis can already exert some parasitism pressure at the coffee berry borer population. The occurrence of this parasitoid in natural conditions points out to another alternative for the biological control of the H. hampei in Rondônia. This is the first record of C. stephanoderis in coffee plantations of the Brazilian Amazonia.

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Amostragens de campo foram realizadas em Ouro Preto d'Oeste (10°45'S e 62°15'W) para avaliar a micobiota associada a Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari [cutícula, aparelho bucal, protórax (micângia), tubo digestivo e fezes] e suas galerias em frutos de Coffea canephora Pierre. Dez gêneros (201 isolados) estavam diretamente relacionados com o inseto, enquanto cinco gêneros (20 isolados) estavam relacionados com galerias do inseto nos frutos. Todos os gêneros identificados associados aos insetos estavam também presentes nas suas galerias, o que indica que o broqueamento pode significar um modo ativo de inoculação de fungos por H. hampei. Na broca, a diversidade de gêneros de fungos foi maior no aparelho bucal e protórax e menor nas fezes. Fusarium, Penicillium e Geotrichum, com abundâncias de 55,7, 24,3 e 10,8 por cento, respectivamente, foram os gêneros dominantes. Nas galerias Fusarium, Geotrichum, Trichoderma e Aspergillus com abundância de 33,3; 29,6; 18,5 e 14,8 por cento, respectivamente, foram os gêneros dominantes. A presença de Fusarium no inseto e suas galerias reforça indicações anteriores de uma interação íntima entre H. hampei-Fusarium. A presença de Aspergillus e Penicillium enfatiza a possibilidade de dispersão da ocratoxina pela broca. Este trabalho fornece o primeiro registro da micobiota associada a H. hampei em C. canephora. Entre os gêneros identificados, Cephalosporium, Geotrichum e Oidiodendrum foram registrados pela primeira vez em associação com o inseto e suas galerias em C. canephora.

Field sampling was carried out in Ouro Preto d'Oeste Rondônia (10°45'S and 62°15'W) to evaluate the mycobiota associated with Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari [cuticle, mouth, prothorax (mycangia), gut and feces] and its galleries on berries of Coffea canephora Pierre. Ten genera (201 isolates) were directly related with the insect while five genera (20 isolates) were related with galleries on berries. All the genera identified in the insects were also present in their galleries, what indicates that boring may be an active way of fungi inoculation by H. hampei. The fungi genera were more diverse in the mouth and prothorax of borers, and lower in feces. Fusarium, Penicillium and Geotrichum, with abundance of 55.7, 24.3 and 10.8 percent, respectively, were dominant genera. In the galleries Fusarium, Geotrichum, Trichoderma and Aspergillus with abundance of 33.3, 29.6, 18.5 and 14.8 percent, respectively, were dominant genera. The overall presence of Fusarium in coffee berry borer and its galleries) reinforces previous indications of a close interaction between H. hampei-Fusarium. The presence of Aspergillus and Penicillium emphasizes the possibility of "ochratoxin dispersion" by the borer. This work provides the first record of the mycobiota associated with H. hampei in C. canephora. Among the identified genera, Cephalosporium, Geotrichum and Oidiodendrum were recorded for the first time in association with H. hampei and its galleries in C. canephora.

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Adultos de Cephalonomia stephanoderis Betrem foram detectados em novembro de 2003 durante amostragem de frutos de Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner danificados por Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) em Ouro Preto D'Oeste, RO (10°45'S e 62°15'W). De janeiro a julho de 2004, o parasitóide foi amostrada mensalmente em 200 frutos danificados por H. hampei. Provavelmente, C. stephanoderis exerça alguma pressão de parasitismo sobre a população da broca-do-café. A ocorrência do parasitóide em condições naturais aponta para outra alternativa de controle biológico de H. hampei em Rondônia. Este é o primeiro registro de C. stephanoderis em plantações de café na Amazônia brasileira.

Adults of Cephalonomia stephanoderis Betrem were detected (in November 2003) during the sampling of Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner berries damaged by Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Ouro Preto D'Oeste - Rondônia, Brazil (10°45'S and 62°15'W). From January to July 2004, the parasitoid was monthly sampled in 200 berries damaged by H. hampei. Probably, C. stephanoderis can already exert some parasitism pressure at the coffee berry borer population. The occurrence of this parasitoid in natural conditions points out to another alternative for the biological control of the H. hampei in Rondônia. This is the first record of C. stephanoderis in coffee plantations of the Brazilian Amazonia.

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A queda dos frutos brocados por Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) pode ser o principal fator de perda durante a frutificação do café. Entretanto, apenas os frutos brocados que permanecem no solo antes de um novo período de frutificação têm sido reconhecidos como causadores de impacto no nível de broqueamento de frutos em formação. Neste trabalho, investigou-se, ao longo do período de frutificação, a presença, nas plantas e no solo, de frutos de Coffea canephora cv. Conilon brocados por H. hampei, em Ouro Preto d'Oeste, RO. As coletas foram realizadas, semanalmente, entre dezembro de 2000 e junho de 2001. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de regressão de sobrevivência, baseado no modelo de Weibull. Durante o período de frutificação do café, a queda dos frutos ocorre continuamente e a presença de frutos brocados por H. hampei chega a ser, em média, 4 a 20 vezes maior no solo (P < 2,3x10-18, n = 62747) do que nas plantas. Argumenta-se que a incorporação do "ambiente solo" na determinação de ações de manejo integrado possa apontar novas tecnologias para o controle da broca.

Falling of berries bored by Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) may be the major loosing factor during the fruiting period. However, only those bored berries which remain in the soil surface before a new yielding period have been recognized as responsible for the damage level Ho achieved by new developing berries. In this paper, we investigated in the plants and in the soil surface, the presence of Coffea canephora cv. Conilon berries bored by H. hampei during the yielding period in Ouro Preto d'Oeste, Rondônia, Brazil. We took samples, weekly, from December 2000 to June 2001. The data were submitted to the Surviving Regression Analysis, based on a censored Weibull model. During the yielding period, berries fall down continuously and, in average, the proportion of H. hampei bored berries was 4 to 20 times higher in the soil (P < 2,3x10-18, n = 62,747) than in the plants. Thus, we argue that adding the "soil environment" to the integrated management strategies could point to new technologies for the control of this insect.

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Falling of berries bored by Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) may be the major loosing factor during the fruiting period. However, only those bored berries which remain in the soil surface before a new yielding period have been recognized as responsible for the damage level Ho achieved by new developing berries. In this paper, we investigated in the plants and in the soil surface, the presence of Coffea canephora cv. Conilon berries bored by H. hampei during the yielding period in Ouro Preto d'Oeste, Rondônia, Brazil. We took samples, weekly, from December 2000 to June 2001. The data were submitted to the Surviving Regression Analysis, based on a censored Weibull model. During the yielding period, berries fall down continuously and, in average, the proportion of H. hampei bored berries was 4 to 20 times higher in the soil (P < 2,3 x 10-18, n = 62,747) than in the plants. Thus, we argue that adding the "soil environment" to the integrated management strategies could point to new technologies for the control of this insect.

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