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Evidence indicates that neuroplasticity-based cognitive training can improve cognition in patients with schizophrenia, but the individual response to training varies greatly between subjects. Hence, there is a need to understand the neurological underpinnings of cognitive training to reveal predictors of treatment response. D-serine is a crucial modulator of neuroplasticity, and decreased levels of D-serine may contribute to deficits in neuroplasticity in schizophrenia. Interestingly, we observed that training mice to identify auditory oddballs increased extracellular levels of D-serine in the hippocampus during training. Serine racemase (Srr) is the only source of brain D-serine; thus, it is possible that Srr may mediate the response to training. To test this hypothesis, we trained mice that have a mutated version of Srr (SrrY269*/SrrY269*) and reduced levels of D-serine in the same auditory training. SrrY269*/SrrY269* mice showed decreased performance during auditory training (defined as the capacity to discriminate an oddball during a sequence of tones). Importantly, auditory training improved prepulse inhibition (PPI) in SrrY269*/SrrY269* but not in wild-type mice. Finally, D-serine (100 mg/kg i.p.) given 30 min before training sessions to SrrY269*/SrrY269* mice improved training performance, but it did not enhance PPI. Taken together, our results show that D-serine is involved in the response to neuroplasticity-based auditory training and that PPI deficits can be improved by auditory oddball training even in the presence of neuroplasticity deficits.

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In the state of Pará, the mangroves form an area of approximately 390,000 hectares, presenting a great diversity of species, among which are mussels, whichare extracted an artisan form by local residents and have commercial value. The study aimed to characterize the mussel consumer profile in street markets of the city of Belém. For this was done interviews directly with 240 people through questionnaires. The data have been tabulated in spreadsheets and graphs generated. Of the total interviewees, only 38.33% consume mussels, of which the majority consume this food a few times a year. The most significant factors in the purchase decision were price, quality and hygiene of the marketed product. As for preference at the moment of purchase, the consumers prefer to buy mussels in the shell (76.09%). Moreover, it was possible ascertain that the consumed amount per month is less than 1 kg (73.91%), and that it has diminished over the past five years (53.26%). Consumers of food have shown little present at the visited fairs and their consumption without frequency, due to preference for other types of meat, such as cattle, poultry and píscea.(AU)

No Estado do Pará, os manguezais formam uma área de aproximadamente 390 mil hectares, apresentando uma grande diversidade de espécies, entre as quais encontram-se os mexilhões, que são extraídos de forma artesanal pelos moradores locais e possuem valor comercial. O trabalho objetivou caracterizar o perfil do consumidor de mexilhão em feiras livres do município de Belém. Para isso, foram realizadas entrevistas de forma direta com 240 pessoas através de questionários. Os dados foram tabulados em planilha eletrônica e gerados gráficos. Do total de entrevistados, apenas 38,33% consomem mexilhão, dos quais a maioria consome esse alimento poucas vezes ao ano. Os fatores mais expressivos na decisão de compra foram preço, qualidade e higiene do produto comercializado. Quanto a preferência no momento da compra, os consumidores preferem adquirir o mexilhão na concha (76,09%). Além disso, foi possível verificar que a quantidade consumida por mês é inferior a 01 kg (73,91%), e que a mesma vem diminuindo nos últimos cinco anos (53,26%). Os consumidores desse alimento se mostraram pouco presentes nas feiras visitadas e o seu consumo sem frequência, devido a preferência por outros tipos de carne,como bovina, avícola e píscea.(AU)

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In the state of Pará, the mangroves form an area of approximately 390,000 hectares, presenting a great diversity of species, among which are mussels, whichare extracted an artisan form by local residents and have commercial value. The study aimed to characterize the mussel consumer profile in street markets of the city of Belém. For this was done interviews directly with 240 people through questionnaires. The data have been tabulated in spreadsheets and graphs generated. Of the total interviewees, only 38.33% consume mussels, of which the majority consume this food a few times a year. The most significant factors in the purchase decision were price, quality and hygiene of the marketed product. As for preference at the moment of purchase, the consumers prefer to buy mussels in the shell (76.09%). Moreover, it was possible ascertain that the consumed amount per month is less than 1 kg (73.91%), and that it has diminished over the past five years (53.26%). Consumers of food have shown little present at the visited fairs and their consumption without frequency, due to preference for other types of meat, such as cattle, poultry and píscea.

No Estado do Pará, os manguezais formam uma área de aproximadamente 390 mil hectares, apresentando uma grande diversidade de espécies, entre as quais encontram-se os mexilhões, que são extraídos de forma artesanal pelos moradores locais e possuem valor comercial. O trabalho objetivou caracterizar o perfil do consumidor de mexilhão em feiras livres do município de Belém. Para isso, foram realizadas entrevistas de forma direta com 240 pessoas através de questionários. Os dados foram tabulados em planilha eletrônica e gerados gráficos. Do total de entrevistados, apenas 38,33% consomem mexilhão, dos quais a maioria consome esse alimento poucas vezes ao ano. Os fatores mais expressivos na decisão de compra foram preço, qualidade e higiene do produto comercializado. Quanto a preferência no momento da compra, os consumidores preferem adquirir o mexilhão na concha (76,09%). Além disso, foi possível verificar que a quantidade consumida por mês é inferior a 01 kg (73,91%), e que a mesma vem diminuindo nos últimos cinco anos (53,26%). Os consumidores desse alimento se mostraram pouco presentes nas feiras visitadas e o seu consumo sem frequência, devido a preferência por outros tipos de carne,como bovina, avícola e píscea.

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Os osteomas são tumores benignos de crescimento ósseo, compostos de osso compacto, esponjoso ou misto, comumente associado ao esqueleto craniofacial, com maior frequência nos seios paranasais e menor frequência nos ossos gnáticos. Tem predileção pelo sexo masculino entre a segunda e quinta décadas de vida. Sua etiologia é incerta, podendo estar associada à infecção, trauma, influência genética ou embriológica. O tratamento cirúrgico dos osteomas está reservado para os casos de crescimento rápido, infecção, sintomatologia dolorosa, alteracões funcionais ou deformidades estéticas. Casos de osteomas pequenos e assintomáticos permitem tratamento conservador. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo relatar um caso de osteoma em seio maxilar associado à sintomatologia dolorosa (cefaleia) tratado cirurgicamente (AU).

Osteomas are benign tumors of bone growth, composed of compact, spongy or mixed bones, commonly associated with the craniofacial skeleton, more frequently in the paranasal sinuses and less frequently in the gnathic bones. It mostly affects men between 20 and 50 years old. Its etiology is uncertain and may be associated with infection, trauma, genetic or embryological influence. Surgical treatment of osteomas is reserved for cases of rapid growth, infection, painful symptomatology, functional alterations or aesthetic deformities. Cases of small asymptomatic osteomas allow conservative treatment. The present study aims to report a case of osteoma in the maxillary sinus associated with painful symptomatology (headache) treated surgically (AU).

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The objective of this work was to report the case of a dog with limb claudication of the right pelvic limb five months ago, using intramedullary pin associated with the LC-LCP plate in the surgical treatment. The surgical approach was made cranial to the tibiotarsal joint, applying the normalized 3mm intramedullary pin through the tibia to the calcaneus. A nine-hole 3.5 mm LC-LCP plate was applied associated with the pin using four proximally locked bolts and three distal locked bolts. On the eighth postoperative day, the animal returned daily activities while maintaining the integrity of the implant. The association of intramedullary pin with LC-LCP plaque promoted additional stability, thus reducing complications, which allowed us to introduce another alternative for the performance of pantarsal arthrodesis in dogs.

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The objective of this work was to report the case of a dog with limb claudication of the right pelvic limb five months ago, using intramedullary pin associated with the LC-LCP plate in the surgical treatment. The surgical approach was made cranial to the tibiotarsal joint, applying the normalized 3mm intramedullary pin through the tibia to the calcaneus. A nine-hole 3.5 mm LC-LCP plate was applied associated with the pin using four proximally locked bolts and three distal locked bolts. On the eighth postoperative day, the animal returned daily activities while maintaining the integrity of the implant. The association of intramedullary pin with LC-LCP plaque promoted additional stability, thus reducing complications, which allowed us to introduce another alternative for the performance of pantarsal arthrodesis in dogs.(AU)

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The occurrence of foodborne illness outbreaks is increasing in schools, and due to the number of children who consume school meals as the only daily meal, this factor becomes even more worrisome. In this sense, the aim of this study was to evaluate the hygienic-health aspects of Food and Nutrition Units (SFNU) of public schools of Bayeux / PB in relation to the adoption of best practices in school food and nutrition. Data were collected through SFNU checklist during visits to units in 29 schools. The health risk of units evaluated was from regular to very high regarding structure and facilities, hygiene of food handlers, environment and food preparation. It was found that 10.3% of handlers used clean and adequate uniforms, and environment and equipment showed poor conservation status in 75.9% and 89.7% of Units, respectively; control of urban pests and vectors was not effective and cleaning of fresh produce was incorrectly conducted in 51.7% of SFNU of schools evaluated. It could be concluded that the production of meals in SFNU of schools evaluated does not meet the requirements established by the best practices in school food and nutrition.

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Resumo A ocorrência de surtos de doenças transmitidas por alimentos vem aumentando em escolas, e devido ao grande número de crianças que consomem a alimentação escolar como única refeição diária, esse fator se torna mais grave. Neste sentido, objetivou-se avaliar os aspectos higiênico-sanitários de Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição Escolares (Uane) de escolas municipais de Bayeux/PB, quanto à adoção das Boas Práticas na Alimentação Escolar. Os dados foram coletados por meio de Lista de verificação própria para Uane, durante as visitas realizadas a essas unidades de 29 escolas. As Unidades avaliadas se encontravam em risco sanitário regular a muito alto quanto à estrutura e instalações, higienização dos manipuladores, do ambiente e dos alimentos. Foi verificado que 10,3% dos manipuladores utilizavam uniformes limpos e adequados, o ambiente e os equipamentos apresentavam estado precário em 75,9% e 89,7% das Unidades, respectivamente, o controle de pragas e vetores urbanos não era eficaz e a higienização dos hortifrutigranjeiros era realizada de maneira incorreta em 51,7% das Uane das escolas avaliadas. Pode-se concluir que a produção de refeições nas Uanes das escolas avaliadas não atende aos requisitos previstos pelas Boas Práticas na Alimentação Escolar.

Abstract The occurrence of foodborne illness outbreaks is increasing in schools, and due to the number of children who consume school meals as the only daily meal, this factor becomes even more worrisome. In this sense, the aim of this study was to evaluate the hygienic-health aspects of Food and Nutrition Units (SFNU) of public schools of Bayeux / PB in relation to the adoption of best practices in school food and nutrition. Data were collected through SFNU checklist during visits to units in 29 schools. The health risk of units evaluated was from regular to very high regarding structure and facilities, hygiene of food handlers, environment and food preparation. It was found that 10.3% of handlers used clean and adequate uniforms, and environment and equipment showed poor conservation status in 75.9% and 89.7% of Units, respectively; control of urban pests and vectors was not effective and cleaning of fresh produce was incorrectly conducted in 51.7% of SFNU of schools evaluated. It could be concluded that the production of meals in SFNU of schools evaluated does not meet the requirements established by the best practices in school food and nutrition.

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PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of compliance with treatment, severity of amblyopia and age at the beginning of treatment in patients with strabismic amblyopia submitted to patching. METHODS: The data were selected from medical records of 569 patients seen at the Department of Ophthalmology, University of São Paulo during the period of 1983 to 2000. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: loss of follow-up, age over 12 years, presence of nystagmus and other ocular diseases. The patients were divided into four groups according to age and classified based on the type of strabismus, compliance with treatment and severity of amblyopia. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's test. RESULTS: 198 (34.8%) patients were enrolled in the study. There was no difference regarding compliance among the age groups. The best success rate was obtained when there was good compliance with the treatment, independent of the degree of amblyopia. But worse compliance was observed among the patients with more severe amblyopia, who were the majority of patients of the study, and who showed the worst success rate. The success rate was not related to the patients' age. CONCLUSION: The study showed that compliance with patching plays a fundamental role in therapeutic efficacy. Thus, age at the beginning of treatment alone did not influence the success rate since it was possible to obtain good compliance independent of age. In addition, worse results were associated with severe amblyopia and less compliance.

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OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência da adesão ao tratamento, da gravidade da ambliopia e da idade de início do tratamento em pacientes com ambliopia por estrabismo submetidos à terapia oclusiva. MÉTODOS: Analisaram-se 569 prontuários de pacientes com ambliopia por estrabismo atendidos no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP no período de 1983 a 2000. Os critérios de exclusão foram: perda de seguimento, idade maior que 12 anos, presença de nistagmo e outras doenças oculares. Todos foram submetidos a exame oftalmológico completo com avaliação da motilidade ocular, divididos por faixas etárias e classificados quanto ao tipo de estrabismo, gravidade da ambliopia e adesão ao tratamento. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo método de Fisher. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 198 pacientes (34,8 por cento). Não houve diferença de adesão nos diversos grupos etários. A taxa de sucesso foi maior nos pacientes com boa adesão independente da gravidade da ambliopia. Porém a adesão ao tratamento foi menor no grupo com ambliopia grave, que foi o mais freqüente e obteve menor taxa de sucesso em nossa amostra. Não houve relação entre idade e sucesso terapêutico. CONCLUSÕES: O estudo demonstrou que a adesão ao tratamento oclusivo desempenha papel fundamental na eficácia terapêutica. Com isto, idade de início do tratamento isoladamente não teve influência no sucesso terapêutico, uma vez que foi possível obter boa adesão a despeito da idade. Além disto, os resultados foram piores nos casos de ambliopia grave, nos quais a adesão foi menor.

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Dada a relevancia que o tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP) vem adquirindo nos ultimos tempos, realizamos um estudo epidemiologico retrospectivo (caso-controle) embasado na analise de 1290 laudos de necropsias consecutivas realizadas em 1993 e 1994, no HCFMUSP, com posterior analise estatistica dos dados obtidos atraves dos programas Multlr e SPSS for Windows. Notamos que a incidencia de TEP foi de 12 por cento e que alguns fatores de risco como TVP (O.R.=13,98), trombose mural (O.R.=10,23), cirurgia ortopedica (O.R.=2,71), cirurgia neurologica (O.R.=4,16), doenca arterial obstrutiva periferica (O.R.=3,12) e ICC (O.R.=2,43) contribuem para o seu desenvolvimento. A insuficiencia hepatica apareceu como fator protetor (O.R.=0,77). Desta forma, achamos que a profilaxia nestes casos e necessaria para prevenir o TEP

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