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UNESCO's Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission launched the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development in 2021 to boost global and sustainable Ocean governance. The initiative resulted from historical and political dynamics at the global and lower political scales, with maritime environmental and economic concerns becoming more prominent in 2010. The Ocean Decade's pillars include science and research, sustainability, conservation, and bridging gaps for a global Ocean-Climate-Biodiversity nexus. The Sustainable Development Goals recognized the importance of oceans and marine resources, and the Ocean was officially perceived as a determining factor of Climate Change at CoP 21 in 2015. Portugal has built integrated and far-reaching policies for ocean governance, including significant involvement with an international perspective since the Lisbon World Exhibition in 1998. In addition, the national government established a Ministry of the Sea in 2015 to re-develop relations with its maritime space. This article analyzes and compares the discourse of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals reports and the Portuguese government programs (2005-2022) to explore the prominent trends in Portuguese Ocean governance discourse and how global and national perspectives interact. Through this case study, the research aims to develop insights into the multiscalar impacts of promoting global and sustainable Ocean governance and its interaction with national perspectives.
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Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) present a major public health challenge, prompting their inclusion in the United Nations' 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. In response, the World Health Organization (WHO) has implemented various initiatives, including a comprehensive monitoring framework with global targets and indicators. However, the extent to which these initiatives have shaped the scientific discourse remains unclear. This article addresses this knowledge gap through a two-fold approach. Firstly, a bibliometric analysis of 14,187 studies spanning over 60 years is conducted, identifying key contributors and trends. Secondly, the content analysis compares these trends to the goals established by the WHO. The findings indicate that the WHO initiatives have accelerated scientific research, and elevated global targets and indicators as central themes in scholarly discussions, since 2011. This study takes an innovative approach that contributes to the advancement of knowledge in this field, by providing valuable insights into the impact of WHO initiatives on the scientific debate surrounding NCDs, and offering guidance for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders engaged in combating these diseases.
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This work aims to clarify the psychosocial variables that lead women to undertake and those that prevent them from doing so. Two studies were conducted using a mixed methodology to compensate for the inherent weaknesses of using each approach. The first study was based on the collection of quantitative data using the GloPEW questionnaire with a sample of 296 people. The second study, of a qualitative nature, was carried out through focus groups with a sample of 26 people. The results show that self-efficacy and emotional intelligence are the main factors to develop to promote entrepreneurship among women. Although the data show statistical strength, it seems necessary to expand the sample and incorporate more profiles of female entrepreneurs, for example, with different levels of training, given the complexity and variety of intervening factors.
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Positive body image (PBI) has received attention in the recent research literature. Despite this, its role in daily functioning in different cultural contexts, particularly its potential relationship with academic outcomes, is still lacking. This study aimed to offer an international perspective on the association between PBI and body mass index (BMI), perceived academic achievement, and educational aspirations, as well as the mediating role of self-esteem. A cross-national study was conducted in eight European countries with a total of 2653 female university students. Participants completed an online survey measuring PBI (conceptualized as body appreciation), self-esteem, perceived academic achievement and aspirations, and body mass index (BMI). Results revealed differences in PBI between countries (low magnitude). PBI correlated negatively with BMI in all national groups (low-to-moderate magnitude). Mediation analysis showed that self-esteem mediated the association between PBI and academic variables. Findings from this study suggest that building students' self-esteem and PBI can be a suitable way to boost academic success.
RESUMEN
Health is not just a physiological state, it is also a relational phenomenon. This means health is a collective challenge, often a cross-border one. Diplomacy in the health sector has progressively received more attention from formal actors (national states, international organisations, etc) but after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) challenge, this attention became a global emergency mobilising an expansive set of knowledge-seeking players (industry, research networks, civil society, etc). This paper comments on and leverages the contribution by Palm and Feschier on innovation management at the organisational level to address a complementary dimension: the internationalization process, and the need for a particular set of skills and routines to make innovations travel through different markets and regulatory contexts. Our argument is that marketing (knowing about customers) and diplomacy (understanding framing institutions) constitute a set of dynamic capabilities (soft power) that are critical for the effective internationalization of innovation.