RESUMEN
Energy demand has increased worldwide, and biomass burning is one of the solutions most used by industries, especially in countries that have a great potential in agriculture, such as Brazil. However, these energy sources generate pollutants, consisting of particulate matter (PM) with a complex chemical composition, such as sugarcane bagasse (SB) burning. Controlling these emissions is necessary; therefore, the aim was to evaluate PM collection using a rectangular Venturi scrubber (RVS), and its effects on the composition of the PM emitted. Considering the appropriate use of biomass as an industrial fuel and the emerging need for a technique capable of efficiently removing pollutants from biomass burning, this study shows the control of emissions as an innovation in a situation such as the industrial one with the use of a Venturi scrubber in fine particle collection, in addition to using portable and representative isokinetic sampling equipment of these particles. The pilot-scale simulation of the biomass burning process, the representative sampling of fine particles and obtaining parameters to control pollutant emissions for a Venturi scrubber, meets the current situation of concern about air quality. The average collection efficiency values were 96.6% for PM> 2.5, 85.5% for PM1.0-2.5, and 66.9% for PM< 1.0. The ionic analysis for PM< 1.0 filters showed potassium, chloride, nitrate, and nitrite at concentrations ranging from 20.12 to 36.5 µg/m3. As the ethanol and sugar plants will continue to generate electricity with sugarcane bagasse burning, emission control technologies and cost-effective and efficient portable samplers are needed to monitor particulate materials and improve current gas cleaning equipment projects.
Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Atmosféricos , Contaminación del Aire , Contaminantes Ambientales , Saccharum , Material Particulado/análisis , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/análisis , Celulosa/análisis , Biomasa , Tamaño de la Partícula , Contaminación del Aire/análisis , Contaminantes Ambientales/análisis , Monitoreo del AmbienteRESUMEN
In recent years, several advances have been observed in vaccinology especially for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). One of the tools employed is epitope prediction by immunoinformatic approaches that reduce the time and cost to develop a vaccine. In this scenario, immunoinformatics is being more often used to develop vaccines for NTDs, in particular visceral leishmaniasis (VL) which is proven not to have an effective vaccine yet. Based on that, in a previous study, two predicted T-cell multi-epitope chimera vaccines were experimentally validated in BALB/c mice to evaluate the immunogenicity, central and effector memory and protection against VL. Considering the results obtained in the mouse model, we assessed the immune response of these chimeras inMesocricetus auratushamster, which displays, experimentally, similar pathological status to human and dog VL disease. Our findings indicate that both chimeras lead to a dominant Th1 response profile, inducing a strong cellular response by increasing the production of IFN-γ and TNF-α cytokines associated with a decrease in IL-10. Also, the chimeras reduced the spleen parasite load and the weight a correlation between protector immunological mechanisms and consistent reduction of the parasitic load was observed. Our results demonstrate that both chimeras were immunogenic and corroborate with findings in the mouse model. Therefore, we reinforce the use of the hamster as a pre-clinical model in vaccination trials for canine and human VL and the importance of immunoinformatic to identify epitopes to design vaccines for this important neglected disease.
Asunto(s)
Leishmania infantum , Vacunas contra la Leishmaniasis , Leishmaniasis Visceral , Células TH1 , Animales , Cricetinae , Perros , Humanos , Ratones , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos , Antígenos de Protozoos , Citocinas , Enfermedades de los Perros , Epítopos de Linfocito T , Leishmaniasis Visceral/prevención & control , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , BazoRESUMEN
The control of human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is hard since there are no vaccines available as well as the treatment is hampered by toxicity and resistant parasites. Furthermore, as human, and canine VL causes immunosuppression, the combination of drugs with immunostimulatory agents is interesting to upregulate the immunity, reducing side-effects, improving treatment approaches against disease. Herein, we assessed the immunochemotherapy using miltefosine along with a vaccine formulated by Leishmania braziliensis antigens + saponin + monophosphoryl lipid-A (LBSapMPL) in L. infantum-infected hamsters. Two months after infection, the animals received treatments, and after 15 days they were evaluated for the treatment effect. The potential anti-Leishmania effect of miltefosine + LBSapMPL-vaccine was revealed by a specific immune response activation reflecting in control of spleen parasitism using half the miltefosine treatment time. The treated animals also showed an increase of total and T-CD4 splenocytes producing IFN-γ and TNF-α and a decrease of interleukin-10 and anti-Leishmania circulating IgG. In addition, it was demonstrated that the control of spleen parasitism is related to the generation of a protective Th1 immune response. Hence, due to the combinatorial action of miltefosine with LBSapMPL-vaccine in immunostimulating and controlling parasitism, this immunochemotherapy protocol can be an important alternative option against canine and human VL.
Asunto(s)
Leishmania infantum , Vacunas contra la Leishmaniasis , Leishmaniasis Visceral , Animales , Antígenos de Protozoos , Cricetinae , Perros , Inmunidad , Leishmaniasis Visceral/tratamiento farmacológico , Leishmaniasis Visceral/prevención & control , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Fosforilcolina/análogos & derivados , Bazo/parasitologíaRESUMEN
An important strategy to reduce the risk of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in humans is to control the infection and disease progression in dogs, the domestic reservoir of Leishmania infantum parasites. Certain therapeutic strategies that modulate the host immune response show great potential for the treatment of experimental VL, restoring the impaired effector functions or decreasing host excessive responses. It is known that the overproduction of interleukin-10 (IL-10) promotes parasite replication and disease progression in human VL as well as in canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). Thus, in the present study we investigated the potential of the anti-canine IL-10 receptor-blocking monoclonal antibody (Bloq IL-10R) to control and reduce in vitro infectivity of L. infantum and improve the ability of PBMC isolated from VL dogs to alter the lymphoproliferative response and intracytoplasmic cytokines. Overall, GFP+Leishmania showed lower capacity of in vitro infectivity in the presence of Bloq IL-10R. Moreover, addition of Bloq IL-10R in cultured PBMC enhanced T-CD4 and CD8 proliferative response and altered the intracytoplasmic cytokine synthesis, reducing CD4+IL-4+ cells and increasing CD8+IFN-γ+ cells after specific antigen stimulation in PBMC of dogs. Furthermore, we observed an increase of TNF-α levels in supernatant of cultured PBMC under IL-10R neutralizing conditions. Together, our findings are encouraging and reaffirm an important factor that could influence the effectiveness of immune modulation in dogs with VL and suggest that blocking IL-10R activity has the potential to be a useful approach to CVL treatment.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Perros/parasitología , Leishmania infantum/inmunología , Leishmaniasis Visceral/inmunología , Leucocitos Mononucleares/inmunología , Receptores de Interleucina-10/inmunología , Células TH1/inmunología , Animales , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/parasitología , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/parasitología , Células Cultivadas , Perros , Femenino , Interferón gamma/inmunología , Leucocitos Mononucleares/parasitología , Masculino , Células TH1/parasitologíaRESUMEN
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a serious and neglected disease present worldwide. Chemotherapy using pentavalent antimony (SbV) is the most practical and inexpensive strategy available for the VL treatment today, however, it has high toxicity. Alternatively, other drugs are used as viable leishmanicidal therapeutic options. Miltefosine is the only anti-leishmanial agent administered orally, however, it has been reducing its effectiveness. In this sense, there is no ideal therapy for VL since the drugs currently used trigger severe side effects causing discontinuation of treatment, which carries an imminent risk for the emergence of parasite resistance. With that, other therapeutic strategies are gaining prominence. Among them, immunotherapy and/or immunochemotherapy, which the activation/modulation of the immune system can redirect the host's immune response to an effective therapeutic result. Therefore, this work was designed to assess an immunochemotherapy protocol composed of half course of Miltefosine associated with LBSap vaccine (Milt+LBSap) using the hamster Mesocricetus auratus as an experimental model for VL treatment. When evaluating the main hematobiochemical, immunological and therapeutic efficacy parameters, it was demonstrated that the treatment with Milt+LBSap showed restoration of hematobiochemical condition and reduced serum levels of IgG-anti-Leishmania compared to animals infected non treated (INT). Beyond that, an increase in the number of CD4+ lymphocytes producers of IFN-γ in relation to INT or to animals treated with miltefosine during 28 days, and TNF-α increased compared to INT were observed. Also, it was found a reduction of IL-10-production in relation to INT, or animals that received LBSap vaccine only, or miltefosine, following by a reduction in the splenic parasitic burden. These results demonstrate that the immunochemotherapy protocol used can stimulate the immune response, inducing an expressive cellular response sufficient to control spleen parasitism, standing out as a promising proposal for the VL treatment.
RESUMEN
O presente artigo originou-se de uma pesquisa de doutoramento em curso, no Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicologia da PUC-MINAS e objetivou compreender as relações entre o afeto e o comum para a ampliação da potência política de crianças e jovens da comunidade quilombola. A psicologia socio-histórica foi o referencial teórico adotado, através das categorias afeto, comum e política, tendo Vigotski, Espinosa e Sawaia como autores principais. A metodologia foi a pesquisa-intervenção psicossocial na qual foram analisadas 65 rodas de conversa com crianças e jovens entre 07 e 18 anos. A escola mostrou-se como um espaço em que práticas racistas são vivenciadas pelas crianças e pelos jovens quilombolas quando saem da comunidade para estudar na zona urbana, causando sofrimento ético-político. Este contexto, além de representar um ambiente de reprodução do racismo, também se mostra como possibilidade de seu enfrentamento através da afetividade e da constituição do comum.
This article originated of doctoral research in progress in the postgraduate program in psychology at PUC-MINAS and aimed to understand the relationships between affection and the common for the expansion of the political power of children and young people in the quilombola community. Social-historical psychology was the theoretical referential adopted, through the categories of affection, common and political, with Vigotski, Espinosa and Sawaia as the main authors. The methodology was the psychosocial intervention research in which 65 conversation circles with children and young people between 7 and 18 years old were analysed. The school showed itself as a space in which racist practices are experienced by children and young quilombolas when they leave the community to study in the urban area, causing ethical-political suffering. This context, in addition to representing an environment of reproduction of social inequality, also shows itself as a possibility of coping through affectivity ande the constitution of the common.
El presente artículo se originó a partir de una investigación doctoral en curso, en el Programa de Postgrado en Psicología de PUC-MINAS y tenía como objetivo comprender las relaciones entre el afecto y lo común para la expansión del poder político de los niños y jóvenes en la comunidad quilombola. La psicología sociohistórica fue el marco teórico adoptado, a través de las categorías de afecto, común y político, con Vigotski, Espinosa e Sawaia como autores principales. La metodología fue la investigación-intervención psicosocial en la que se analizaron 65 círculos de conversación con niños y jóvenes de entre 7 y 18 años. La escuela demostró ser un espacio en el que niños y jóvenes experimentan prácticas racistas cuando abandonan la comunidad para estudiar en el área urbana, causando sufrimiento ético y político. Este contexto, además de representar un ambiente para la reproducción del racismo, también se muestra como una posibilidad de enfrentarlo a través del afecto y la constitución de lo común.
Le présent article est issu d'une recherche doctorale en cours, dans le programme de troisième cycle en psychologie de XXX et visait à comprendre les relations entre l'affection et le commun pour l'expansion du pouvoir politique des enfants et des jeunes dans la communauté quilombola. La psychologie socio-historique a été le cadre théorique adopté, à travers les catégories d'affection, commune et politique, avec Vigotski, Espinosa et Sawaia comme auteurs principaux. La méthodologie était la recherche-intervention psychosociale dans laquelle 65 cercles de conversation avec des enfants et des jeunes entre 7 et 18 ans ont été analysés. L'école s'est avérée être un espace dans lequel les enfants et les jeunes quilombolas vivent des pratiques racistes lorsqu'ils quittent la communauté pour étudier en zone urbaine, provoquant des souffrances éthiques et politiques. Ce contexte, en plus de représenter un environnement propice à la reproduction du racisme, se présente également comme une possibilité d'y faire face par l'affection et la constitution du commun
RESUMEN
Leishmania spp. parasites have a complex biological cycle presenting basically two different morphological stages, the amastigote and promastigote forms. In vitro cultivation allows a more complete study of the biological aspects of these parasites, indicating better conditions for infection, immunoassay tests, drug evaluations, and vaccines. Thus, we evaluated the three most used culture media for Leishmania spp., Grace's insect cell culture medium (Grace's), liver infusion tryptose (LIT), and Schneider's insect medium (Schneider's), without supplementation or supplemented with fetal calf serum (FCS) and bovine serum albumin (Albumin) to evaluate the growth, viability, and infectivity of the L. infantum promastigotes. It was observed that promastigote forms have a better growth in LIT and Schneider's with or without FCS when compared to that in Grace's. The supplementation with albumin promoted greater viability of the parasites independent of the medium. For in vitro infection of J774.A1 macrophages using light microscopy and flow cytometry analyses, FCS-supplemented LIT and Grace's promoted higher percentage of infected macrophages and parasite load compared with Schneider's media. Taken together, our results demonstrated that the supplementation of LIT culture medium with FCS is the most suitable strategy to cultivate Leishmania infantum parasites enabling the maintenance of growth and infective parasites for research uses.
Asunto(s)
Leishmania infantum/efectos de los fármacos , Leishmania infantum/crecimiento & desarrollo , Hígado/enzimología , Parasitología/métodos , Animales , Células Cultivadas , Medios de Cultivo/química , Medios de Cultivo/farmacología , Leishmania infantum/fisiología , Estadios del Ciclo de Vida/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/parasitología , Ratones , Compuestos Orgánicos/análisis , Compuestos Orgánicos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Resumo O presente artigo originou-se de uma pesquisa de doutoramento no Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicologia da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (PUC-Minas), na qual buscamos compreender de que maneira ampliar a potência de crianças e jovens enquanto sujeitos políticos em uma comunidade quilombola. A vertente teórica que guiou tal estudo foi a psicologia sócio-histórica. A metodologia foi a de pesquisa-intervenção psicossocial, realizada por meio de observações e rodas de conversa com 14 crianças e jovens entre 7 e 18 anos de idade, de Lagoa Trindade, localizada em Jequitibá, interior de Minas Gerais (Brasil). A comunidade quilombola pôde ser compreendida pela lógica dos afetos que circulam no território, levando-se em consideração a interlocução das relações raciais que permeiam os sujeitos políticos. Para além das limitações trazidas por uma desigualdade racial estrutural em nossa sociedade, que reproduz e sustenta lugares de privilégio e de exclusão, é necessário criarmos estratégias de fortalecimento da potência de vida que circula entre os povos negros, advinda de uma história de luta e de perseverança. Tal compreensão da potência política presente no território quilombola mostra-se um caminho privilegiado para atuação da psicologia.
Abstract This article originated from doctoral research in the graduate program in psychology at PUC Minas, in which we sought to understand how to broaden the power of children and young people as political subjects in a quilombola community. The theoretical framework that guided this study was socio-historical psychology. The methodology was the research-psychosocial intervention, conducted through observation and talking circles, with 14 children and young people between 7 and 18 years from Lagoa Trindade, Jequitibá, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The Quilombola community could be understood by the logic of the affects circulating in the territory, taking into account the interlocution of the racial relations that affect the political subjects. In addition to the limitations caused by a structural racial inequality in our society, which reproduces and sustains places of privilege and exclusion, we need to create strategies to strengthen the power of life circulating among black peoples, coming from a story of struggle and perseverance. This understanding of political power present in the quilombola territory shows a privileged path for the performance of psychology.
Resumen Este artículo se originó de una investigación de doctorado en el Programa de Posgrado en Psicología de la Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (PUC-Minas), en la cual buscamos comprender cómo aumentar el poder de los niños y jóvenes en una comunidad de quilombolas como sujetos políticos. El marco teórico empleado en el estudio fue la psicología sociohistórica. La metodología utilizada fue la investigación-intervención psicosocial, realizada por observaciones y ruedas de conversación con 14 niños y jóvenes de entre 7 y 18 años de edad, en Lagoa Trindade, ubicada en Jequitibá (Minas Gerais, Brasil). La comunidad quilombola podría entenderse por la lógica de los afectos presentes en el territorio, teniendo en cuenta la interlocución de las relaciones raciales que afectan a los sujetos políticos. Más allá de las limitaciones ocasionadas por una desigualdad racial estructural en nuestra sociedad que reproduce y mantiene lugares privilegiados y excluyentes, es necesario la creación de estrategias para fortalecer el poder de vida que circula entre la población negra y que proviene de la historia de lucha y perseverancia. Esa comprensión del potencial político presente en el territorio quilombola demuestra ser una forma privilegiada para la actuación de psicología.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Adolescente , Psicología , Investigación , Observación , Afecto , Población Negra , Política , Factores Socioeconómicos , Vida , Empatía , HistoriaRESUMEN
Com a implantação do SUAS, a Assistência Social passou por importantes reformulações, as quais têm alterado não somente o padrão de funcionamento da política pública, mas também requerem novas formas de organização e trabalho, novos papéis e competências dos atores sociais nela envolvidos. Com isso, o profissional da Psicologia passa a ser requisitado para contribuir com seus conhecimentos e métodos de trabalho. Inserção que trouxe inquietações e desafios no exercício profissional para os psicólogos e psicólogas no campo da política de Assistência Social. Neste artigo, pretendemos refletir sobre a importância do trabalho da Psicologia no CRAS, tomando a subjetividade revolucionária como seu lócus específico de atuação no enfrentamento da desigualdade social. Para isso, buscamos os pressupostos teóricos da Psicologia sócio-histórica, por meio de conceitos como sofrimento éticopolítico e subjetividade revolucionária, elaborados por Bader Sawaia, que estuda o processo dialético exclusão-inclusão, inspirada nas teorias de Vigotski e Espinosa.
With the implementation of Unified Social Assistance System (SUAS - Portuguese acronym), the Social Assistance went through important reformulations, which have changed the operational standard of the public policy, and have been demanding new forms of organization and work, new roles and competence from participating social actors. On the top of that, Psychology workers have been required to contribute with their knowledge and working methods. An Insertion that brought concerns and challenges in the psychologists professional practice in the field of social assistance policy. In this article, we intend to bring into light the importance of the Psychology work at the SARC, taking the revolutionary subjectivity as its specific locus of action when coping with social inequality. With this in mind, we have turned to the theoretical assumptions of sociohistorical Psychology, through concepts such as ethical-political distress and revolutionary subjectivity, elaborated by Bader Sawaia who studies the dialectical exclusion-inclusion process, inspired by the theories from Vygotsky and Espinosa.
Con la implementación del SUAS, la Asistencia Social ha pasado por importantes reformulaciones que cambiaron no sólo la norma de funcionamiento de las políticas públicas, como también se requieren nuevas formas de organización y trabajo, nuevas funciones y competencias de actores sociales involucrados. Por lo tanto, se pide al profesional de la Psicología que contribuya con sus conocimientos y métodos de trabajo. Inserción que ha traído inquietudes y desafíos en la práctica profesional para el psicólogo en el campo de la política de Asistencia Social. En este artículo, tenemos la intención de reflexionar sobre la importancia del trabajo de la Psicología en el CRAS, tomando la subjetividad revolucionaria como su locus específico de acción para hacer frente a la desigualdad social. Así, buscamos los supuestos teóricos de la Psicología socio-histórica, a través de conceptos como el sufrimiento ético-político y la subjetividad revolucionaria, elaborados por Bader Sawaia, quien estudia el proceso dialéctico de exclusión e inclusión, inspirado en las teorías de Vygotsky y Espinosa.
Asunto(s)
Psicología , Práctica Profesional , Psicología Social , Factores Socioeconómicos , Sistema Único de SaludRESUMEN
AIM: This work aimed to produce a membrane based on fluconazole-loaded natural rubber latex (NRL), and study their interaction, drug release and antifungal susceptibility against Candida albicans. MATERIALS & METHODS: Fluconazole-loaded NRL membrane was obtained by casting method. RESULTS: The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy showed no modifications either in NRL or fluconazole after the incorporation. Mechanical test presented low Young's modulus and high strain, indicating the membranes have sufficient elasticity for biomedical application. The bio-membrane was able to release the drug and inhibit the growth of C. albicans as demonstrated by disk diffusion and macrodilution assays. CONCLUSION: The biomembrane was able to release fluconazole and inhibit the growth of C. albicans, representing a promising biomaterial for skin application.
Asunto(s)
Antifúngicos/química , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Materiales Biocompatibles Revestidos/química , Materiales Biocompatibles Revestidos/farmacología , Fluconazol/química , Látex/química , Liberación de Fármacos , Fluconazol/farmacología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Resistencia a la TracciónRESUMEN
Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) has been considered an interesting model of carcinogenesis, presenting various histological subtypes and invasiveness phase. The objective was to determine the proliferative index of CXPA and comparing to pleomorphic adenoma (PA). Thirty six cases of CXPA (36 PA) and 22 areas of PA in CXPA (residual PA) were studied by Ki-67 expression. All CXPA cases were classified according to invasiveness phase (intracapsular, minimally and frankly invasive) and histopathological subtypes. Data was statistically analyzed by Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. CXPA included 5 intracapsular, 9 minimally invasive and 22 frankly invasive cases. Fifteen cases corresponded to salivary duct carcinoma, 7 to adenocarcinoma NOS, 7 myoepithelial, 5 epithelial-myoepithelial, one case of squamous cell and one case of sarcomatoid carcinoma. The Ki-67 index of PA and residual PA were significantly lower than CXPA. Intracapsular and minimally invasive showed smaller proliferative index than frankly invasive. Considering the subtypes of CXPA, there was not a statistic difference among them. Ki-67 is a useful marker in the differential diagnosis of PA and CXPA, even when in the early invasive phase.
Asunto(s)
Adenoma Pleomórfico/patología , Proliferación Celular , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Salivales/patología , Femenino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) has been considered an interesting model of carcinogenesis, presenting various histological subtypes and invasiveness phase. The objective was to determine the proliferative index of CXPA and comparing to pleomorphic adenoma (PA). Thirty six cases of CXPA (36 PA) and 22 areas of PA in CXPA (residual PA) were studied by Ki-67 expression. All CXPA cases were classified according to invasiveness phase (intracapsular, minimally and frankly invasive) and histopathological subtypes. Data was statistically analyzed by Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. CXPA included 5 intracapsular, 9 minimally invasive and 22 frankly invasive cases. Fifteen cases corresponded to salivary duct carcinoma, 7 to adenocarcinoma NOS, 7 myoepithelial, 5 epithelial-myoepithelial, one case of squamous cell and one case of sarcomatoid carcinoma. The Ki-67 index of PA and residual PA were significantly lower than CXPA. Intracapsular and minimally invasive showed smaller proliferative index than frankly invasive. Considering the subtypes of CXPA, there was not a statistic difference among them. Ki-67 is a useful marker in the differential diagnosis of PA and CXPA, even when in the early invasive phase.
.Carcinoma ex adenoma pleomorfo (CXAP) tem sido considerado um interessante modelo de carcinogênese, apresentando vários subtipos histológicos e fases de invasividade. Determinar o índice proliferativo de CXAP e compará-lo ao adenoma pleomorfo (AP). e seis casos de CXAP, 36 AP, e 22 áreas de AP em CXAP (AP residual) foram estudadas através da expressão de Ki-67. Todos os casos de CXAP foram classificados de acordo com a fase de invasividade (intracapsular, minimamente invasivo e francamente invasivo) e de acordo com os diversos subtipos histopatológicos. Os dados foram estatisticamente analisados através dos testes Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis. O grupo de CXAP era formado por 5 intracapsulares, 9 minimamente invasivos e 22 francamente invasivos. Quinze casos corresponderam a carcinoma de ducto salivar, 7 a adenocarcinoma nos, 7 a carcinoma mioepitelial, 5 a carcinoma epitelial-mioepitelial, 1 a carcinoma epidermoide e 1 a carcinoma sarcomatóide. Os índices de Ki-67 de AP e AP residual foram significativamente menores que o encontrado em CXAP. Os casos intracapsulares e minimamente invasivos mostraram índices proliferativos menores que os francamente invasivos. Considerando os subtipos histológicos de CXAP, não houve diferença estatística entre eles. Ki-67 é um marcador útil no diagnóstico diferencial de AP e CXAP, mesmo quando o carcinoma está em fase precoce de invasividade.
.Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adenoma Pleomórfico/patología , Proliferación Celular , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Salivales/patologíaRESUMEN
O DOTATATE-177Lu é um análogo de somatostatina radiomarcado que guia a radioatividade para tumores neuroendócrinos (NETs) que superexpressam receptores de somatostatina (SSTRs), promovendo o seu tratamento por terapia radionuclídica receptor-específica (PRRT). O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia e a segurança da PRRT dos NETs com o DOTATATE-177Lu, através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura. A PRRT com o DOTATATE-177Lu foi eficaz no tratamento de NETs metastáticos ou inoperáveis que expressam SSTR tipo 2. Observou-se estabilização ou até regressão da doença em 20 a 50 % dos casos. Já a prevalência de remissão total da doença, apesar de numericamente baixa, foi satisfatória, principalmente levando-se em conta o estágio avançado dos tumores. Os efeitos adversos mais comuns da PRRT foram toxicidade renal e hematológica. Apesar dos estudos evidenciarem a eficácia e a segurança da PRRT com o radiofármaco, essa terapia ainda é considerada em desenvolvimento.
The DOTATATE-177Lu is a radiolabeled somatostatin analogue that guides the radioactivity to neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) that overexpress somatostatin receptors (SSTRs), allowing their treatment by receptor- specific radionuclide therapy (PRRT). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PRRT of NETs with DOTATATE-177Lu through a systematic literature review. PRRT with 177Lu - DOTATATE was effective in the treatment of inoperable or metastatic NETs that express SSTR type 2. Stabilization or regression of the disease was observed in 20 to 50% of the cases . The prevalence of total remission, although numerically low, was satisfactory, especially taking into account the advanced tumor stage. The most common adverse events in the PRRT were hematological toxicity and renal failure. Despite studies demonstrate the efficacy and safety of PRRT with the radiotracer , this treatment modality is still considered under development.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Somatostatina/análogos & derivados , Tumores Neuroendocrinos/radioterapia , Tumores Neuroendocrinos/diagnóstico por imagen , Resultado del Tratamiento , Medicina Nuclear/métodosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To study the potential chemopreventive effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 in Swiss mice submitted to oral and oesophageal carcinogenesis induction by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO). STUDY DESIGN: The animals underwent carcinogenesis induction with 50 µg/mL 4-NQO for eight weeks. The animals were divided into groups: Group I-4-NQO induction without chemoprevention, Group II-chemoprevention with the addition of 5% fish oil (FO) in their diet after 4-NQO carcinogenesis induction, and Group III-chemoprevention with 5% FO in their diet during and after 4-NQO carcinogenesis induction. RESULTS: THE INCIDENCE OF INVASIVE ORAL CARCINOMA WAS: Group I (72.9%), Group II (84.2%), and Group III (64.7%); p = 0.34. The difference in the incidence of invasive oesophageal carcinoma was statistically significant: Group I (37.8%), Group II (68.4%), and Group III (29.4%); p = 0.02. CONCLUSIONS: 4-NQO induction led to cancer in the majority of animals. Chemoprevention with FO brought no benefit in preventing the carcinogenesis process initiated by 4-NQO for oral cancer. The suggestive pro-tumour action of FO when given after tumour post-initiation seems to demonstrate that this fatty acid can potentialise the action of 4-NQO in the oesophagus carcinogenesis of the Swiss mice.
RESUMEN
AIMS: The morphological criteria for identification of intercalated duct lesions (IDLs) of salivary glands have been defined recently. It has been hypothesised that IDL could be a precursor of basal cell adenoma (BCA). BCAs show a variety of histological patterns, and the tubular variant is the one that presents the strongest resemblance with IDLs. The aim of this study was to analyse the morphological and immunohistochemical profiles of IDLs and BCAs classified into tubular and non-tubular subtypes, to determine whether or not IDL and tubular BCA represent distinct entities. METHODS AND RESULTS: Eight IDLs, nine tubular BCAs and 19 non-tubular BCAs were studied. All tubular BCAs contained IDL-like areas, which represented 20-70% of the tumour. In non-tubular BCA, IDL-like areas were occasional and small (<5%). One patient presented IDLs, tubular BCAs and IDL/tubular BCA combined lesions. Luminal ductal cells of IDLs and tubular BCAs exhibited positivity for CK7, lysozyme, S100 and DOG1. In the non-tubular BCA group, few luminal cells exhibited such an immunoprofile; they were mainly CK14-positive. Basal/myoepithelial cells of IDLs, tubular BCAs and non-tubular BCAs were positive for CK14, calponin, α-SMA and p63; they were more numerous in BCA lesions. CONCLUSIONS: IDL, tubular BCA and non-tubular BCA form a continuum of lesions in which IDLs are related closely to tubular BCA. In both, the immunoprofile of luminal and myoepithelial cells recapitulates the normal intercalated duct. The difference between the adenoma-like subset of IDLs and tubular BCA rests mainly on the larger numbers of myoepithelial cells in the latter. Our findings indicate that at least some BCAs can arise via IDLs.
Asunto(s)
Adenoma/patología , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Salivales/patología , Glándulas Salivales/patología , Adenoma/metabolismo , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Salivales/metabolismo , Glándulas Salivales/metabolismo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
AIMS: Signet-ring cell (SRC) change has not been reported in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). The aim of this study was to describe the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical findings in four cases of ACC with SRCs (ACC-SRC), in which the relative proportion of the SRC component ranged from 25% to 50%. METHODS AND RESULTS: The median age was 58 years (range: 48-81 years), and all patients were women. The involved sites were sinonasal, lip, and submandibular. Two patients developed lung metastasis, and one died of disease 63 months after tumour resection. Neither mucinous nor lipid substances were detected in the SRCs. These showed positive staining for AE1/AE3, cytokeratin 14, and epithelial membrane antigen, which highlighted the intracytoplasmic vacuole borders. The SRC nests were surrounded by myoepithelial cells positive for α-smooth muscle actin and p63. The SRCs showed similar p53 positivity but lower Ki67 and mitotic indices than the conventional component. SRCs were c-Myb-negative. Ultrastructural examination revealed that the intracytoplasmic vacuoles were lumina lined by microvilli. CONCLUSIONS: ACC-SRC is a non-mucin-producing and non-lipid-producing phenomenon, possibly related to disturbed differentiation of ductal/luminal cells. This cellular modification in ACC apparently does not change the biological behaviour of the tumour, but it may cause significant diagnostic problems, particularly in incisional biopsies.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma Adenoide Quístico/secundario , Carcinoma de Células en Anillo de Sello/secundario , Neoplasias de los Labios/patología , Neoplasias Primarias Múltiples , Neoplasias Nasales/patología , Neoplasias de la Glándula Submandibular/patología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Carcinoma Adenoide Quístico/metabolismo , Carcinoma Adenoide Quístico/terapia , Carcinoma de Células en Anillo de Sello/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células en Anillo de Sello/terapia , Femenino , Humanos , Neoplasias de los Labios/metabolismo , Neoplasias de los Labios/terapia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/secundario , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Nasales/metabolismo , Neoplasias Nasales/terapia , Radioterapia Adyuvante , Neoplasias de la Glándula Submandibular/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Glándula Submandibular/terapia , Vacuolas/ultraestructuraRESUMEN
Corticosteroids and cyclosporine A (CsA) are important clinical immunosuppressive drugs used in the maintenance of organ transplants and in suppressing undesired autoimmune or allergic immune responses. To study the effect of CsA and prednisolone on the course of an Ancylostoma ceylanicum infection, hamsters were treated with commercially available prednisolone or CsA. For both drugs, half the recommended dose was sufficient to inhibit the proliferation of more than 70% of hamster lymph node cells. There was no difference in the recovery of adult worms; however, animals treated with prednisolone presented with low egg counts in the feces. Infection with A. ceylanicum resulted in an increase in specific antibodies against adult worm antigens, but hamsters treated with either drug presented with lower IgG titers. We observed that A. ceylanicum infection caused peripheral cellular immune suppression, which is characterized by a reduction in the total white cell count, neutropenia and lymphopenia. We also observed a lymphoplasmacytic pattern and few eosinophils in the mucosal inflammatory infiltrate for all the animals. The animals treated with prednisolone showed changes in the architecture of the intestine, including the loss of the mucosa, intense congestion and inflammation. In spleen, we observed hyperplasia of white pulp in all infected animals; in addition, there was a loss of tissue architecture in the animals treated with prednisolone. In conclusion, this work shows that an A. ceylanicum infection leads to acute peripheral cellular immune suppression in hamsters but not humoral immune suppression and that CsA treatment does not interfere with the process of infection. However, prednisolone treatment causes intestinal injury, what could hamper the parasite attachment to the intestinal wall, and as a result affects copulation and, consequently, decreases the number of eggs eliminated in the feces. Moreover, the possibility that the drug can also be exerting an effect on female fertility should be considered.
Asunto(s)
Anquilostomiasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Ciclosporina/uso terapéutico , Glucocorticoides/uso terapéutico , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéutico , Prednisolona/uso terapéutico , Anquilostomiasis/inmunología , Animales , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Cricetinae , Ciclosporina/farmacología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Heces/parasitología , Femenino , Glucocorticoides/farmacología , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Inmunosupresores/farmacología , Intestino Delgado/parasitología , Intestino Delgado/patología , Ganglios Linfáticos/citología , Ganglios Linfáticos/efectos de los fármacos , Ganglios Linfáticos/inmunología , Mesenterio , Mesocricetus , Recuento de Huevos de Parásitos , Prednisolona/farmacología , Bazo/patologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules (21-24 nt) that negatively regulate gene expression, either by repression of translation or by degradation of messenger RNA. These molecules are involved in many important processes including cell differentiation, neurogenesis, formation of nervous system and others. Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and epilepsy caused by cortical dysgenesis are among the leading causes of drug resistant epilepsy. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to characterize the expression profile of miRNAs and to investigate their regulation in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTL) and in focal cortical dysplasias (FCDs). METHODS: Total RNA was extracted from hippocampal and neocortical tissue, maintained in paraffin or fresh-frozen, from patients who underwent surgery for seizure control. For comparison we used tissue obtained from autopsy. RNA was extracted and used in real time PCR reactions (157 miRNAs analyzed) or microarray chips (847 miRNAs analyzed). RESULTS: Bioinformatics analyzes identified three miRNAs with expression significantly different in patients with MTLE: let-7d, miR-29b and miR-30d; while in patients with FCDs we found 23 microRNAs differentially expressed. In addition, we found that different pathological forms of had different molecular signatures. CONCLUSIONS: The possible genes regulated by miRNAs with differential expression in tissue with mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) are mainly related to neurogenesis and apoptosis. While in DCFs they were predominantly related to cell proliferation and migration. Our results demonstrate the importance of miRNA regulation the in molecular processes that lead to the lesions present in the MTS and the FCDs.
INTRODUÇÃO: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) são pequenas moléculas de RNA (21-24 nt) que regulam negativamente a expressão gênica, seja pela repressão da tradução ou pela degradação do RNA mensageiro. Essas moléculas estão envolvidas em muitos processos importantes incluindo diferenciação celular, neurogênese, formação do sistema nervoso entre outras. A epilepsia de lobo temporal mesial e as epilepsias causadas por disgenesias corticias estão entre as principais causas de refratariedade ao tratamento medicamentos nas epilepsias. OBJETIVOS: Os objetivos desse trabalho foram elucidar o perfil de expressão dos miRNAs e investigar a regulação dos mesmos na epilepsia de lobo temporal mesial (ELTM) e nas displasias corticais focais (DCFs). MÉTODOS: RNA total foi extraído de tecidos de hipocampo e de neocórtex, tanto congelados fresco como em parafina, de pacientes que se submeteram a cirurgia para controle das crises. Para comparação utilizamos tecidos equivalentes provindos de autópsia. Para a análise da expressão dos miRNAs, o RNA extraído foi utilizado em reações de PCR em tempo real (157 miRNAs analisados) ou em chips de microarranjos (847 miRNAs analisados). RESULTADOS: Análises de bioinformática identificaram três miRNAs com expressão significantemente alterada em pacientes com ELTM: let-7d, miR-29b e miR-30d; enquanto nos pacientes com DCFs foram encontrados 23 microRNAs diferencialmente expressos, sendo que o padrão de expressão foi diferente em diferentes formas histopatológicas de DCFs. CONCLUSÕES: Os possíveis genes regulados pelos miRNAs com expressão alterada nos tecidos com esclerose mesial temporal (EMT) estão relacionados principalmente com neurogênese e apoptose. Enquanto que nas DCFs estes estão predominantemente relacionados à proliferação e migração celular. Nossos resultados demonstram a relevância da regulação por miRNAs nos processos moleculares que culminam com a formação das lesões presentes na EMT e nas DCFs. A complexidade dessa regulação começa agora a ser desvendada e pode resultar não só na elucidação dos processos biológicos envolvidos, como também na identificação de biomarcadores de potencial uso clínico nas epilepsias.