RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Healthcare systems have been put under intense pressure by the COVID-19 pandemic, although some studies have shown a decline in hospital admissions for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases during the first and second wave of the pandemic. In addition, studies analyzing gender and procedural differences are scarce. The present study aimed to determine the impact of the pandemic on hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) in Andalusia (Spain) and analyzed differences by gender and by percutaneous coronary interventions performed. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An interrupted time series analysis of AMI and CVD hospital admissions in Andalusia (Spain) was carried out to measure the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak. AMI and CVD cases admitted daily in public hospitals of Andalusia between January 2018 and December 2020 were included. RESULTS: During the pandemic, significant reductions in AMI [-19%; 95% confidence interval (CI): (-29%, -9%), p<0.001] and CVD [-17%; 95% CI: (-26%, -9%); p<0.01] in daily hospital admissions were observed. Differences were also produced according to the diagnosis (ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction, other AMI and stroke), with a greater reduction in females for AMI and in males for CVD. Although there were more percutaneous coronary interventions during the pandemic, no significant reductions were observed. CONCLUSIONS: A decline in AMI and CVD daily hospital admissions during the first and second wave of COVID-19 pandemic was noted. Gender differences were observed, but no clear impact was observed in percutaneous interventions.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Fundamento. Conocer la auto-percepción del nivel desalud oral y de las necesidades de tratamiento, los hábitosde higiene y la frecuencia de asistencia al dentistade los escolares de Navarra.Material y métodos. La población de estudio fue la de6, 12 y 14 años de edad. La muestra se obtuvo de loscolegios de 1º y 6º de Enseñanza Primaria (EP) y 2º deEnseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) y la recogidade datos se hizo mediante cuestionarios auto-cumplimentados.Resultados. El 92%, a los 6 y 12 años, y el 82,9% a los 14años está satisfecho con su salud oral. El 13,1% de losde 12 años y el 19,3% de 14 están descontentos, sobretodo por el mal alineamiento dental. Aproximadamente,un tercio cree necesitar algún tratamiento, sobre todoobturaciones a los 6 años y ortodoncia a los 12 y 14.Casi dos tercios dicen cepillarse los dientes más de unavez al día y entre el 80 y el 90% dicen haber ido al dentistaen el último año. Más del 75% de los responsables delos escolares de 6 y 12 años valoran positivamente lasprestaciones del Programa de Atención Dental Infantil(PADI) y más del 95% está satisfecho con la asistenciaque el dentista del PADI presta a sus hijos. El sexo, mediode residencia y nivel socioeconómico apenas influyenen la percepción de salud, frecuencia de cepillado onecesidades de tratamiento sentidas.Conclusión. El estudio revela que la percepción subjetivade salud dental es buena y que un tercio de los encuestadoscreen necesitar algún tipo de tratamiento. Es muypositivo que la mayoría digan que hayan ido al dentistaen el último año y que se cepillan la boca más de una vezal día, mejorando los resultados de estudios anteriores(AU)

Background. To determine the self-perception of oralhealth levels and the need for treatment, hygienichabits and frequency of visits to the dentist amongstschoolchildren in Navarre.Methods. The population of the study was aged 6, 12and 14 years. The sample was obtained from schoolsteaching 1st and 6th year in Primary Education and 2ndyear in Compulsory Secondary Education. The datawas gathered through self-answering questionnaires.Results. Ninety-two percent of 6 and 12 year olds, and82.9% of 14 year olds are satisfied with their oral health.Thirteen point one percent of 12 year olds and 19.3% of14 year olds are dissatisfied, above all with misalignedteeth. Approximately one-third think they need sometreatment, above all fillings at age 6 and orthodontics at12 and 14 years. Nearly two-thirds say they brush theirteeth more than once a day and between 80 and 90% saythey have visited the dentist in the last year. More than75% of those responsible for the schoolchildren aged 6and 12 years make a positive evaluation of the contributionsof the child dental care program (PADI) and morethan 95% are satisfied with the care given by PADI dentiststo their children. Sex, average residence and socioeconomiclevel barely influence the perception of health,frequency of brushing teeth or need for treatment.Conclusion. The study reveals that the subjective perceptionof oral health is good and that one-third of thosesurveyed think they need some type of treatment. Itis very positive that they majority say that they havebeen to the dentist in the last year and that they brushtheir teeth more than once a day, which is an improvementon the results of previous studies(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Fundamento. Transcurridos 5 años desde la última encuesta(2002), se procede a una nueva edición que supone la 4ªdesde 1987. El objetivo es conocer el estado de salud oral deniños y adolescentes de Navarra y su evolución.Población y métodos. La muestra (n=1.397) fue seleccionadamediante muestreo probabilístico polietápico, tomandocomo unidad las aulas de 1º y 6º de Enseñanza Primaria y de2º de Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria. El trabajo de campose realizó entre los meses de abril y mayo de 2007 pordos equipos examinadores calibrados.Variables de salud estudiadas: caries (medida con criterioOMS y con criterio ampliado), estado periodontal y maloclusión.Los datos fueron informatizados con Access XP 2003SP3; el análisis estadístico, con SPSS Windows v.15.0.Resultados. El 10,8% de la muestra es de origen extranjero.La prevalencia de caries en dentición temporal a los 6 añoses 35,9% con cod 1,26; en dentición permanente, 28,5% y46,4% a los 12 y 14 años; la media de dientes afectados 0,63y 1,28 respectivamente. El índice de restauración es 26,1%en dentición temporal y 68,9 y 74,1% en permanente; los deorigen extranjero presentan más caries (p<0,05) y menostratamiento (p<0,05) que los de origen español. El 62,8% de14 años presentan sangrado gingival y el 16,8%, cálculo; el14,7% maloclusión y el 19,1% lleva ortodoncia.Conclusiones. La caries está estabilizada en denticióntemporal en población general, pero desciende significativamenteentre los autóctonos (origen España); en denticiónpermanente continúa con su tendencia descendente,aunque más moderada. Navarra está entre las regiones conmenor nivel de caries y más alto índice de restauración. Losinmigrantes presentan significativamente más caries. El índicede restauración desciende ligeramente respecto a añosanteriores. Las cifras de salud periodontal son pobres. Maloclusióny portadores de ortodoncia están estabilizados(AU)

Background. With five years having passed since the lastsurvey (2002), a new survey was carried out, the 4th since1987. The aim is to determine the state of oral health of childrenand adolescents in Navarre and its evolution.Population and methods. The sample (n=1.397) was selectedthrough multistage probability sampling, taking as aunit the classrooms of the 1st and 6th year of Primary Educationand the 2nd of Compulsory Secondary Education. Thefieldwork was carried out in the months of April and May2007 by two calibrated teams of examiners.Health variables studied: caries (measured with WHOcriterion and extended criterion), periodontal state andmalocclusion. The data were computerised with Access XP2003 SP3; the statistical analysis with SPSS Windows v.15.0.Results. Ten point eight percent of the sample is of foreignorigin. The prevalence of caries in temporary dentition at6 years is 35.9% with a dft of 1.26; in permanent dentition,28.5% and 46.4% at 12 and 14 years; the average of affectedteeth 0.63 and 1.28 respectively. The index of restorationis 26.1% in temporary dentition and 68.9 and 74.1% in permanent;those of foreign origin show more caries (p<0.05)and less treatment (p<0.05) than those of Spanish origin.Sixty-two point eight percent of 14 year olds show gingivalbleeding and 16.8%, calculus; 14.7% malocclusion and 19.1%wear orthodontic appliances.Conclusions. Caries are stabilised in temporary dentition inthe general population, but fall significantly amongst natives(those of Spanish origin); in permanent dentition they continuetheir tendency to fall, although more moderately. Navarreis amongst the regions with a lower level of caries and a higherindex of restoration. Immigrants show significantly morecaries. The index of restoration falls slightly with respect toprevious years. The periodontal health figures are poor. Malocclusionand orthodontic appliance wearers are stabilised(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of tobacco use among 12-18 year-olds in Biscay (Spain) and its relation with the family environment. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: We performed a cross-sectional study in 12-18 year-olds. A self-administered, anonymous questionnaire was distributed in different schools of the region selected by stratified sampling, based on the type of school (public school or subsidized private school) and on the linguistic model. The final study sample comprised 1921 students. Information was obtained on tobacco, alcohol and other drug use, as well as on family and sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS: A total of 51.8 % of the students had used tobacco. One-third (29.9%) of the teenagers were current smokers and 50.4% were daily smokers. The mean age of first tobacco use was 13.1 +/- 1.85 years. The prevalence of tobacco use was higher in girls and increased with age until the age of 15-16 years. More than 90 % of smokers had experimented with alcohol, 86.3 % had used cannabis at some time and 11 % had used other illegal drugs. In multivariate analysis, the variables associated with a higher odds of smoking were age, female sex, available money, use of other drugs, and smoking by siblings in front of the adolescent. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of tobacco use among 12-18 year-olds increased in relation to female gender, age, having siblings who smoked in their presence, available money, and the use of alcohol, cannabis and other illicit drugs. Maternal and sibling disapproval of smoking may be associated with lower tobacco use among adolescents.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: In 1991, with an incremental character, the Infant Oral Care Program (PADI) was set up in Navarra, which covers the population of 6 to 15 years of age, and which has a mixed provision, public and private-arranged, the latter with a payment system by capitation. The aim of this article is to analyse the possible impact of the program on the use of services and to analyse the evolution of the dental health of Navarra schoolchildren in the 1991-2002 period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data was collected on the network of providers and the utilisation of the PADI made available by the Directorate of Primary Care of the Navarra Health Service - Osasunbidea, and data was analysed from the surveys of dental health for 1987, 1997 and 2002, whose methodology has been published. The data was exploited statistically with the SPSS program for Windows, v10. RESULTS: The number of dentists-providers of the program increased from 28 in 1991 to 161 in 2002; in the same period the indexes of participation rose from 37.4 to 67.2%. There is a positive, statistically significant correlation between the growth of the network (r: 0.941) and its geographical extension (r: 0.933), and the index of utilisation. The percentage of schoolchildren aged 14 years who state that they have been to the dentists in the last year rises from 55.1% in 1987 to 88.2% in 2002. More than 70% of the schoolchildren between 6 and 12 years of age state that they have been to a PADI dentist. The prevalence of caries continues to fall in all age groups and becomes stabilised at 14 years. Between 44 and 79.2% of the caries are treated. The schoolchildren who regularly visit the PADI show more preventive and restorative treatment (sealed) than those who do not. CONCLUSION: The setting up of the PADI seems to have brought an increase in the utilisation of the dental services, together with an improvement in the dental health of the infant and adolescent population of Navarra.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Three cases with suspected pulmonary artery embolism are presented, in which transesophageal echocardiography showed a mass in the right pulmonary artery consistent with thrombus. The relevant diagnostic contributions of transesophageal echocardiography are discussed.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

En un estudio multicéntrico se administró monoterapia clindamicina para el tratamiento de 31 episodios de neumonía comunitaria producida por grampositivos. Sólo se registró un fracaso terapéutico. En el resto de los pacientes, la fiebre, recuento total de leucocitos y cantidad de esputo disminuyeron significativamente al quinto día de tratamiento. La tolerancia fue excelente, con un caso de flebitis durante la administración intravenosa y uno de intolerancia gástrica cuando se usó la vía bucal

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)