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Abstract Parental beliefs on child education and development might intervene in how parents relate to their children and promote their development. The present research aimed to identify parental beliefs about the development of children with developmental delays. For this, we took a qualitative approach, based on content analysis, from the answers obtained in the Questionnaire of Parental Beliefs on Child Development. We obtained answers of 36 families (fathers and mothers) of 40 children with different developmental delays, attending the Municipal Child Education Centers of a capital of the South region of Brazil. We could identify beliefs regarding the development of children, which were mainly understood as aspects related to the delays the child presented (negative) and to their achievements (positive), which represented the way in which these parents direct their parental educational practices.

Resumo As crenças parentais em relação à educação e ao desenvolvimento da criança estão sujeitas a intervir no modo como os pais relacionam-se com seus filhos e promovem seu desenvolvimento. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar as crenças parentais sobre o desenvolvimento infantil de crianças com atrasos no desenvolvimento. Para tanto, a pesquisa assumiu método qualitativo, com base em análise de conteúdo, a partir das respostas obtidas do Questionário de Crenças Parentais sobre o Desenvolvimento Infantil. Este instrumento foi respondido por 36 famílias (pais e mães) de 40 crianças, com diferentes atrasos no desenvolvimento, que frequentam os Centros Municipais de Educação Infantil de uma capital da região Sul do Brasil. Foi possível identificar crenças em relação ao desenvolvimento das crianças, sendo estas compreendidas principalmente, por aspectos ligados aos atrasos que a criança apresentava (negativas) e às suas conquistas (positivas), o que representa o modo como estes pais direcionam suas práticas educativas parentais.

Resumen Las creencias parentales en relación con la educación y el desarrollo del niño están sujetas a intervenir en la forma en que los padres se relacionan con sus hijos y promueven su desarrollo. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar las creencias parentales sobre el desarrollo infantil de niños con retrasos en el desarrollo. Para ello, la investigación asumió el método cualitativo, con base en análisis de contenido, a partir de las respuestas obtenidas del Cuestionario de Creencias Parentales sobre el Desarrollo Infantil. Este instrumento fue respondido por 36 familias (padres y madres) de 40 niños con diferentes retrasos en el desarrollo, que frecuentan los Centros Municipales de Educación Infantil de una capital de la región Sur de Brasil. Es posible identificar creencias en relación al desarrollo de los niños, comprendidos principalmente, por aspectos relacionados con los retrasos que el niño presentaba (negativas) y sus conquistas (positivas), lo que representa el modo en que estos padres dirigen sus prácticas educativas parentales.

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Este estudo faz uma revisão teórica para compreender a família como um ambiente promotor do desenvolvimento humano. A família corresponde ao principal contexto de inter-relações da criança. A qualidade do ambiente familiar e das relações neste contexto conduz a evolução do desenvolvimento infantil. O bebê, ao chegar ao ambiente familiar, exige mudanças estruturais, e, quando esta criança apresenta atrasos em seu desenvolvimento, o modo como a família enfrenta esta realidade pode propiciar risco à vida da criança. Programas de Intervenção Precoce buscam entender o desenvolvimento infantil a partir de uma visão multidimensional, ou seja, mudar o foco somente na criança e no seu déficit, passando a considerar: família, comunidade e trabalho em equipe interdisciplinar.(AU)

This paper makes a theoretical revision to understand the family as an environment that promotes human development. The family corresponds to the main context of a child's interrelationships. In this way, the quality of the family environment and the relationships established in this context directs the evolution of child's development. A baby, when arriving to a familiar environment, demands structural changes, and when this child presents delays in its development, the way the family faces this reality can propitiate risk to the development of the child and the whole family. Early Intervention Programs seek to understand child development from a multidimensional perspective, changing the focus to be only on the child and his / her deficit, to consider three main characteristics: family, community and interdisciplinary teamwork.(AU)

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The increase in acetylcholine yielded by pyridostigmine (PYR), an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, was evaluated for its effect on the haemodynamic responses-mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR)-and their nycthemeral oscillation in mice before and one week after myocardial infarction (MI). Mice were anesthetized (isoflurane), and a telemetry transmitter was implanted into the carotid artery. After 5 days of recovery, the MAP and HR were recorded for 48 h (10 s every 10 min). Following this procedure, mice were submitted to surgery for sham or coronary artery ligation and received drinking water (VEHICLE) with or without PYR. Five days after surgery, the haemodynamic recordings were recommenced. Sham surgery combined with VEHICLE did not affect basal MAP and HR; nevertheless, these haemodynamic parameters were higher during the night, before and after surgery. MI combined with VEHICLE displayed decreased MAP and increased HR; these haemodynamic parameters were also higher during the night, before and after surgery. Sham surgery combined with PYR displayed similar results for MAP as sham combined with VEHICLE; however, PYR produced bradycardia. Nevertheless, MI combined with PYR exhibited no change in MAP and HR, but these haemodynamic parameters were also higher during the night, before and after surgery. Therefore, MI decreased MAP and increased HR, while PYR prevented these alterations. Neither MI nor PYR affected nycthemeral oscillations of MAP and HR. These findings indicate that the increase in acetylcholine yielded by PYR protected the haemodynamic alterations caused by MI in mice, without affecting the nycthemeral haemodynamic oscillations.

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