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Cell migration is a dynamic process that involves adhesion molecules and the deformation of the moving cell that depends on cytoskeletal remodeling and actin-modulating proteins such as myosins. In this work, we analyzed the role of the class I Myosin-1 g (Myo1g) in migratory processes of LPS + IL-4 activated B lymphocytes in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, the absence of Myo1g reduced homing of activated B lymphocytes into the inguinal lymph node. Using microchannel chambers and morphology analysis, we found that the lack of Myo1g caused adhesion and chemotaxis defects. Additionally, deficiency in Myo1g causes flaws in adopting a migratory morphology. Our results highlight the importance of Myo1g during B cell migration.

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An experiment was conducted to ascertain if follicles could reach ovulatory size after the largest follicle (dominant) has been removed at different times during a progestin treatment in anestrous ewes, and secondly to determine if these new follicles could respond to an hCG-induced ovulation and have similar function as corpora lutea. Mature crossbred sheep (n=44) in anestrous were treated with an intravaginal sponge containing 40 mg of FGA (day 0=sponge insertion) for 9 days. Treatments consisted of cauterization of the largest follicle on the experimental day 3 (T1), day 6 (T2) and day 9 (T3); day 12 to ascertain the size of the largest follicle in control ewes. During laparotomies, the diameters of the largest follicle (DF), and those of the second and third largest follicles (SF1 and SF2, respectively) were determined. On day 12, a second laparotomy was performed for those ewes which had their DF cauterized on days 3, 6 and 9, a fourth group was left intact and only laparotomized on day 12. At this time, the size of the new DF, SF1 and SF2 were determined. Immediately after the laparotomy on day 12, all the ewes were treated with 1000 i.u. of hCG to induce ovulation. Blood samples were collected daily from day 0 to 50 and samples were analyzed for progesterone concentrations. The size of the DF at the time of sponge removal was smaller that those observed on day 3 or 6 of sponge suggesting that follicles in ewes treated with this progestin regress and a new wave of follicular development ensues between day 6 and the time of sponge removal. The size of the DF on day 12 was also smaller in ewes that have the largest follicle removed at the time of sponge removal reflecting that these follicles had a shorter period of growth; however, the rate of growth was greater for these follicles than for follicles arising after cauterization on day 3 or 6 after sponge insertion. There were no differences among treatments, in the number of ewes that formed a corpus luteum (CL) in response to hCG. Life span of the corpora lutea did not differ among ewes having their DF removed on day 6 or 9 or those that served as controls, however, ewes that had their DF removed on day 3 developed longer lived CL in a larger proportion of animals. Average progesterone concentration during the life span of the induced corpora lutea was greater in control ewes than in any other experimental group. These observations allow us to conclude that, (a) the follicular dynamics observed in anestrous ewes treated with a progestin intravaginal sponge resembles that observed during the normal estrous cycle in the ewe; (b) the effects of progesterone on life span of the corpus luteum could not be only related to direct effects at the follicle but also involve changes in other components of the uterine-ovarian-hypothalamic axis; (c) the mechanisms controlling luteal life span seem to be different to those mechanisms controlling the function of the induced corpus luteum.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate accuracy of 11 G vacuum-assisted percutaneous biopsy (VAPB) carried out on digital stereotaxic table, on breast non-palpable lesions (NPLs), non-visible by US. Prospective study on 132 consecutive NPLs (126 patients) not reliably found by US; 82% showed microcalcifications. Surgical confirmation was obtained in all malignant cases and when VAPB reported atypical lesion (ductal or lobular), radial scar or atypical papillary lesion. All patients with benign results were included in a mammographic follow-up programme. Two cases could not be dealt with due to technical difficulties. One to 26 cylinders were obtained from the remaining 130 NPLs. Sixty-four lesions were surgically confirmed. Forty-six of the 47 malignancies were correctly diagnosed. In one case of a malignant tumour, an atypical lesion was classified with VAPB. All cases of histologically verified lobular carcinoma in situ, atypical ductal or lobular hyperplasia, radial scar or atypical papillary lesion were correctly diagnosed preoperatively. The remaining lesions were benign in VAPB, and after 1 year of follow-up, no false negative has been found. Based on this short-term follow-up, absolute sensitivity was 97.9%, absolute specificity 84.3% and accuracy was 99.2%. For predicting invasion, accuracy was 89.1%. Vacuum-assisted percutaneous biopsy is a very accurate technique for NPLs which are not detectable by US. It can replace approximately 90% of DSB with no important complications, avoiding scars and providing a higher level of comfort.

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Steatocystoma multiplex (SM) is a rare inherited cutaneous disorder characterised by multiple subcutaneous oil cysts. We present the radiological features of this uncommon condition in a case report. Numerous lucent, well-circumscribed, smooth-walled nodules appeared in both breasts at mammography. Many lipid-containing intradermal cysts of different sizes were also observed at sonography, scattered over both breasts, axillae, sternal region and abdomen. SM was suspected and no further evaluations were made.

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The case of a newborn boy is reported, incorrectly diagnosed as anal agenesis without urethrae fistula and treated by anoplasty. The patient later suffered several episodes of urinary infection and left epididymo-orchitis-orchioepididymitis, reflux of contrast being shown at micturating cystourethrography into the right vas deferens, the seminal vesicle, epididymis and left testicle. Rectal endoscopy revealed a rectourethral fistula, confirmed by fistulography. The patient improved after surgical removal of the fistula.

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We have carried out an experimental model of urinary diversion and dis-diversion on male Wistar rats in order to study the complications that are produced after diversion, as well as to see whether the alterations continue unchanged, or increase, or diminish after dis-diversion. The following experimental design was used: a control group made up of 48 animals an a problem group of 200 animals all submitted to vesicosigmoidostomy of which 100 were designed to be subsequently dis-diverted. The sacrificed animals (n = 112) were studied for somatic, biochemical and histological parameters. Statistical comparison of the problem group with the controls showed significant differences for the somatic and biochemical parameters, especially in the form of weight-size retardation, increase of urea, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, cholesterol, transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, sodium and chlorine and decrease in albumin and total proteins. After dis-diversion there is an improvement of some of these parameters without reaching total normalization. This leads us to think that either the lesions are irreversible, or more time after dis-diversion is needed for there to be reversibility. We also describe the histological lesions found at the level of the vesicointestinal anastomosis, and the mortality of our series which is higher than that presented by females, a fact inducing us to think that factors exist in the male which increase the mortality.

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Though there are not many cases described in the literature and very few for children, the existence of lower urodigestive communications may give rise to inflammatory processes in gonads and gonaducts in the male. We have carried out an experimental study of this aspect on 248 male Wistar rats according to the following design: A 48 animal control group (C) is divided into four equal subgroups sacrificed at the ages of one, two, three and four months. The problem group (P) of 200 animals are all submitted to vesicosigmoidostomy and then 100 are sacrificed after one and two months, and the other 100 are dis-diverted one and two months after the original diversion and sacrificed one month later. No histological alterations were observed in gonads and gonaducts for the sacrificed control animals (n = 48). The animals sacrificed after diversion (44 per 100) showed the following histological alterations: five cases of testicular tube necrosis, two cases of deferent conduit inflammation, one case of deferent conduit necrosis, 12 cases of epididymis inflammation and 13 cases of epididymis necrosis. The animals that also underwent dis-diversion and that were later sacrificed (20 per 100) showed: five cases of testicular tube necrosis, one case of testicular inflammation, two cases of deferent conduit inflammation, four cases of epididymis inflammation and seven cases of epididymis necrosis. Statistical analysis showed that the differences between the two P groups were not significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Four cases of multivesicular hepatic hydatidosis are reported. Two of them were affected by exogenous growth. All patients had undergone a long-term treatment with mebendazole at the usual doses. We are contrasting our experience in the use of such drug and the previous reports by other authors. In our opinion, as mebendazole acts on the cyst in a double way (both inhibiting glucose uptake by the larva and modifying the structure of the cyst membranes) ir induces the cyst multivesiculation which is a sign of suffering or resistance of the parasite. Despite the fact that previous reports, and also one of the cases reported by us, point to a favourable evolution of the hepatic hydatidosis after treatment with Mebendazole, the possibility that the multivesicular cyst-with a more spreading growth and a surgical treatment which is occasionally more difficult, may be induced by that drug would perhaps discourage its use.

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We report a case of calyceal diverticulum which evolved into what appeared anatomically and radiologically as a simple renal cyst. Similarities and differences between both entities are discussed based on a review of the literature. Our case report suggests that both conditions are related and that they can even be considered as evolutive forms of the same disease.

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The authors describe a case of testicle-based teratoma, in a 20-month old boy. Due to the characteristics of the palpation and its eventual transillumination, it may be confused with a hydrocele. They stress its rarity and on the basis of a review of the literature, they explain its histological peculiarities and refer to its prognosis, usually benign, when it is diagnosed at about 2 years of age, providing that a very careful examination of the histological sections rules out the presence of anaplastic cells. Finally there is a short discussion on the possibilities of complementary therapy when there are metastases.

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