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We simulated in the laboratory the possible effects on fatty acids and immune status of wild fish arriving for the first time in the vicinity of a sea-cage fish farm, shifting their natural diet to commercial feed consumption, rich in fatty acids of vegetable origin. The flesh fatty acid profile of golden mullet specimens was altered after 2weeks of commercial feed consumption, showing an increase in fatty acids of vegetable origin. The serum peroxidase and bactericidal activities, and head-kidney leucocyte phagocytic capacity, increased after eight weeks of the new diet, while the respiratory burst activity decreased. The extent of these changes cannot be considered large enough to regard them as compromising the health status of fish. More research is needed in order to elucidate whether the rapid assimilation of the dietary fatty acids could harm the immune status of fish when feeding for longer periods than two months.

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Abstract: The information system on chronic diseases is an electronic system that was recently established in Mexico to monitor new cases and cumulative chronic diseases that are increasing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative consistency of the electronic record of diseases such as diabetes, obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia, in contrast to what was found in the medical records through a validation system exprofeso data. It followed up on 3,293 diseases recorded and compared with the pathologies registered in the files, these were higher than the records (n = 4,188). It was found that there is an electronic sub-register of diseases recorded in medical units with a differential in the quality standards of care. Our results reveal that to increase the effectiveness of electronic health information it is required a mechanism of annual or biennial review by a systematic validation and based on clinical records. This system also enables validation mechanisms and promotes greater adherence to treatment in the management of chronic diseases, contributing to quality improvement and cost containment in health.

Resumen: El sistema de información en enfermedades crónicas, es un sistema electrónico que se estableció en México recientemente para el monitoreo de los casos nuevos y acumulados de enfermedades crónicas que van en aumento. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la consistencia cualitativa y cuantitativa del registro electrónico de enfermedades como la diabetes, obesidad, hipertensión arterial y dislipidemias, en contraste con lo encontrado en el expediente clínico a través de un sistema de validación de datos exprofeso. Se dio seguimiento a 3,293 patologías registradas y se compararon con las patologías registradas en los expedientes las cuales fueron mayores a los registros en los expedientes (n = 4,188). Se encontró que existe un sub-registro electrónico de las enfermedades registradas en las unidades médicas con un diferencial en los estándares de calidad de la atención. Nuestros resultados dejan ver que para incrementar la efectividad de un sistema de información electrónica en salud se requiere de un mecanismo de revisión anual o bianual a través de una validación sistematizada y basada en los expedientes clínicos. Este sistema de validación también permite y promueve mecanismos de mayor adherencia al tratamiento en el manejo de las enfermedades crónicas contribuyendo a mejoras en la calidad y en la contención de costos en salud.

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Lymphocystis or lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) is distributed worldwide and affects many fresh and marine water fish species. LCDV is commonly found in aquaria fish species but also in farmed fish species, among them the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). The immune status of gilthead seabream (S. aurata) specimens under a natural outbreak of LCDV was studied. The replication of the virus was demonstrated in infected fish, but not in control fish. The results showed decreased total serum IgM levels and increased innate cellular immune response (peroxidase and respiratory burst activities) of head kidney leucocytes in LCDV-infected fish, compared to the values obtained in uninfected specimens. In addition, transcription of antiviral genes (ifn and irf3) was down-regulated in the skin of LCDV-positive fish as well as genes involved in cellular immunity (csf1r, mhc2a, tcra and ighm) that were down-regulated in skin and head kidney of infected fish. By contrast, the transcription of nccrp1 was up-regulated in head kidney after LCDV infection. These present results show that head kidney leucocytes are activated to encounter the virus at the sites of replication.

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Aquaculture industry exposes fish to acute stress events, such as high stocking density, and a link between stress and higher susceptibility to diseases has been concluded. Several studies have demonstrated increased stress tolerance of fish treated with probiotics, but the mechanisms involved have not been elucidated. Shewanella putrefaciens Pdp11 is a strain isolated from healthy gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) and it is considered as probiotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the dietary administration of this probiotics on the stress tolerance of Solea senegalensis specimens farmed under high stocking density (PHD) compared to a group fed a commercial diet and farmed under the same conditions (CHD). In addition, during the experiment, a natural infectious outbreak due to Vibrio species affected fish farmed under crowding conditions. Changes in the microbiota and histology of intestine and in the transcription of immune response genes were evaluated at 19 and 30 days of the experiment. Mortality was observed after 9 days of the beginning of the experiment in CHD and PHD groups, it being higher in the CHD group. Fish farmed under crowding stress showed reduced expression of genes at 19 day probiotic feeding. On the contrary, a significant increase in immune related gene expression was detected in CHD fish at 30 day, whereas the gene expression in fish from PHD group was very similar to that showed in specimens fed and farmed with the conventional conditions. In addition, the dietary administration of S. putrefaciens Pdp11 produced an important modulation of the intestinal microbiota, which was significantly correlated with the high number of goblet cells detected in fish fed the probiotic diet.

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Antioxidant activity is particularly important, since oxidation is an unavoidable reaction in all living bodies. At present, natural antioxidants to be used on food as an alternative to synthetic ones are being sought. Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) specimens were fed for 4 weeks with diets enriched with bacterial probiotics (Shewanella putrefaciens Pdp11 and Bacillus sp), single or in combination with Tunisian dates palm fruit extracts. The expression of the main antioxidant enzyme genes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase) in the mucosae (gut, skin and gill) was evaluated after 2 and 4 weeks. Previously, free radical scavenging and several antioxidant assays were developed to know the antioxidant properties present on the palm fruits extracts. The results demonstrated that experimental diets alter the expression of the studied antioxidant genes, primarily in the gill and skin. Furthermore, the tested probiotics and mainly, the aqueous date palm fruits extracts had significant antioxidant properties based on their protective effect against the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species, especially when administering during 4 weeks. For this reason, probiotics and date palm fruit extracts may serve as good natural antioxidants and could potentially be considered as a functional food ingredient for fish in farms.

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Evaluar un esquema antibiótico profiláctico, eficaz y seguro que disminuya la incidencia de morbilidad infecciosa postoperatoria en histerectomía vaginal. Doscientos cincuenta pacientes son randomizadas prospectivamente en 2 grupos. Cumplen criterios 228: El grupo 1 (116) recibió Tinidazol (2 g, oral) + Miconazol-tinidazol (100-150 mg, vaginal). El grupo 2 (112) recibió placebo por vía oral y vaginal. Se usó cefazolina endovenosa preoperatoria en ambos grupos. La eficacia se midió clínicamente. Se establecen criterios de inclusión, exclusión y diagnóstico. También esquema de control, pareando distintas variables. En el grupo en estudio se observó un 2,6% de infección. Por otro lado, en el grupo 2 se obtuvo un 16,1% de infección (Odds ratio: 7,21 RR. 6,21 IC 95% Ji-cuadrado 10,83 p-value: 0,0009978). En este segundo grupo, se diagnosticaron 5 casos de absceso de cúpula y ninguno en el grupo control. Conclusiones: El uso de un imidazol asociado a cefazolina contribuye a disminuir significativamente la ocurrencia de abscesos y celulitis de cúpula vaginal.

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Percutaneous treatment of chronic total coronary occlusions has been limited by procedural complications such as vessel injury or perforation. Optimizing visualization in the vessel with optical coherent reflectometry and a forward-looking fiberoptic guidance technology may improve the safety and efficacy of percutaneous treatment of these lesions.

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BACKGROUND: Coronary artery perforation is a rare but serious complication of percutaneous coronary interventions. CASE REPORT: We report on the treatment of a coronary perforation during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery in a patient suffering from post infarction angina complicated by cardiogenic shock. The perforation was treated successfully with intracoronary administration of the patient's own blood. CONCLUSION: This new technique may be used as adjunctive therapy to prolonged balloon inflation, coronary stenting, coronary microcoil and gelfoam embolization in the treatment of severe and hemodynamically compromising perforations.

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Se presentan 61 histerectomías vaginales sin prolapso, operadas en nuestro servicio entre junio y septiembre de 1997. El 90,1 por ciento se operó por miomas uterinos o adenomiosis. El tiempo operatorio promedio fue de 51 minutos y el peso uterino osciló entre 60 y 240 g. La estadía postoperatoria fue de 2,9 días y sólo hubo dos complicaciones consistentes en infecciones urinarias bajas. Los resultados de ésta serie que son comparables a las publicadas por otros autores, permiten afirmar que equipos quirúrgicos entrenados pueden aplicar con seguridad ésta técnica en ausencia de prolapso, con grandes beneficios clínicos y económicos para los pacientes

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Se presentan 14 pacientes portadoras de miomas sintomáticos, con indicación de histerectomía, con tamaño uterino de 14 a 20 centímetros, medidos desde el pubis, equivalente a un embarazo de 14 semanas o más, sin prolapso genital, sometidas a histerectomía vaginal, en un estudio protocolizado y prospectivo realizado en el servicio de obstetricia y ginecología del Hospital Carlos Van Buren de Valparaíso, entre los meses de mayo y octubre de 1997, con el objetivo de evaluar la factibilidad y seguridad de esta vía de abordaje en úteros de gran tamaño. Todas las histerectomías fueron exitosamente resueltas por vía vaginal. El promedio del tamaño uterino fue de 15,1 cm (14-20). El peso uterino promedio fue de 475,7 g (300-1.050). Se utilizaron técnicas de bisección, morcelación y miomectomía para reducción de masa uterina. El tiempo operatorio promedio fue de 75,4 minutos (30-140) y los días de estada de 3,2 (2-6). Como complicación se registró sólo un caso de infección urinaria baja

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