RESUMEN
This paper reviews some of the issues connected with questions of ethics, health economics, radiation dose and referral criteria arising from a workshop held under the auspices of the Sentinel Research Program FP6-012909. An extensive bibliography of further reading is included.
Asunto(s)
Diagnóstico por Imagen/economía , Diagnóstico por Imagen/ética , Ética Médica , Dosis de Radiación , Protección Radiológica/legislación & jurisprudencia , Radiología/ética , Derivación y Consulta/legislación & jurisprudencia , HumanosRESUMEN
In interventional cardiac procedures, staff operates near the patient in a non-uniformly scattered radiation field. Consequently, workers may receive, over a period, relatively high radiation doses. The measurement of individual doses to personnel becomes critical due to the use of protective devices and, as a consequence of the large number of methods proposed to assess the effective dose, great variability in monitoring programmes is expected among European countries. SENTINEL consortium has conducted a survey on staff dosimetry methods and on the level of staff exposure in 12 European cardiac centres demonstrating the urgent need to harmonise dosimetry methods. From the dosimetry survey, constraint annual effective dose of 1.4 mSv and Hp(0.07) over the protective apron of 14 mSv are proposed for the optimisation the exposure the most-exposed operator.
Asunto(s)
Cardiología , Recolección de Datos , Dosimetría por Película , Exposición Profesional/análisis , Monitoreo de Radiación/métodos , Protección Radiológica/instrumentación , Radiografía Intervencional/métodos , Algoritmos , Humanos , Cuerpo Médico , Dosis de Radiación , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Patient doses for a few common fluoroscopy-guided procedures in interventional radiology (IR) (excluding cardiology) were collected from a few radiological departments in 13 European countries. The major aim was to evaluate patient doses for the basis of the reference levels. In total, data for 20 procedures for about 1300 patients were collected. There were many-fold variations in the number of IR equipment and procedures per population, in the entrance dose rates, and in the patient dose data (total dose area product or DAP, fluoroscopy time and number of frames). There was no clear correlation between the total DAP and entrance dose rate, or between the total DAP and fluoroscopy time, indicating that a number of parameters affect the differences. Because of the limited number of patients, preliminary reference levels were proposed only for a few procedures. There is a need to improve the optimisation of IR procedures and their definitions and grouping, in order to account for their different complexities.
Asunto(s)
Diagnóstico por Imagen , Dosis de Radiación , Radiología Intervencionista/normas , Angiografía , Fluoroscopía , Humanos , Neurorradiografía , Monitoreo de Radiación , Protección Radiológica , Estándares de ReferenciaAsunto(s)
Agencias Internacionales , Protección Radiológica , Sociedades Científicas , Humanos , Japón , Dosis de Radiación , RadiologíaAsunto(s)
Dosis de Radiación , Radiografía/normas , Europa (Continente) , Humanos , Estándares de ReferenciaRESUMEN
A study was made of all the X-ray films of elbows taken in a casualty department in 1975, to determine the significance of posterior fat pad displacement. Posterior displacement was always found to indicate a fracture, whereas anterior displacement occasionally occurred without a fracture.