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INTRODUCCIÓN. La Ley N° 19.966, publicada en septiembre de 2004, establece la garantía de calidad en las prestaciones de salud. Para ello se implementa un sistema de acreditación de las instituciones que proveen prestaciones en salud, las realicen en forma segura y cumplan con las expectativas de los/las usuarias. El presente estudio analiza las percepciones de actores claves en cargos directivos de coordinación del proceso de acreditación a nivel local para centros de salud familiar de la comuna de Concepción al año 2016. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Estudio descriptivo exploratorio de carácter cualitativo que utilizó entrevistas semiestructuradas de actores claves del proceso de acreditación en los centros de salud familiar de la comuna de Concepción, región del Biobío, Chile, durante el año 2016. RESULTADOS. Las y los actores valoran positivamente la incorporación de la calidad en el sistema pública público de salud como principio organizacional, demuestran conocimientos sobre aspectos conceptuales de calidad y la normativa pública que regula el proceso. Se identifican aspectos a mejorar el liderazgo del proceso de acreditación, sobrecarga de funciones en los encargados de calidad, resistencia al cambio en los funcionarios de los centros de salud, deficiencias de infraestructura y trazabilidad de la biopsia, así como abordar la continuidad del servicio de atención de salud en periodos de paralización por razones gremiales. DISCUSIÓN. Para los actores relevantes del proceso de acreditación de centros de salud familiar en Concepción dicho proceso es un importante factor para que las prestaciones se realicen con calidad y así mejorar la seguridad en los usuarios y sus expectativas.

INTRODUCTION. Law N° 19.966, passed in September 2004, establishes quality assurance in health services. Accordingly, an accreditation system for health service providers to offer services safely and meet the expectations of the users was implemented. Our study reports the views of relevant stakeholders involved in the accreditation process of Family Health Centers in Concepción in 2016.MATERIALS AND METHODS. Qualitative exploratory descriptive study that used semi-structured interviews as research technique. Interviewees were relevant stakeholders involved in the accreditation process of Family Health Centers in Concepción in 2016.RESULTS. The interviewees positively value the adoption of a quality-of-care culture within the public health care institutions as an organizational principle. Interviewees have knowledge about the conceptual aspects of quality of health care and the accreditation regulation framework. Leadership of the accreditation process, overload of responsibilities of quality managers, resis-tance to change by health center officials, infrastructure deficiencies and biopsy traceability, are identified as areas for improvement as well as addressing the challenge of continuity of service in periods of union strikes. DISCUSSION. For relevant stakeholders involved in the accreditation process of Family Health Centers in Concepción the accreditation process is an important factor to strengthen quality and safety of care as well as patients' expectations.

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El nervio isquiático, el más extenso del cuerpo humano, emerge de la pelvis por el foramen isquiático mayor, dividiéndose proximal a la articulación de la rodilla en los nervios tibial y fibular común. Con frecuencia, estos nervios son afectados por accidentes, por tanto, la microcirugía reparadora requiere de detallada información anatómica para efectuar con éxito sus procedimientos. El nervio isquiático puede ser lesionado por heridas penetrantes, en las luxaciones posteriores de la articulación coxal y por inyecciones intramusculares mal aplicadas en la región glútea, siendo rara la lesión del nervio tibial por estar situado profundamente protegido. En cambio, la lesión del nervio fibular común, es frecuente debido a su posición superficial, quedando muy expuesto cuando abandona la fosa poplítea y rodea el cuello de la fíbula. Realizamos el estudio debido a la escasa información morfométrica y estereológica de estos nervios. Se disecaron en 5 cadáveres de individuos adultos, de sexo masculino los nervios isquiático, tibial y fibular común. Se obtuvieron secciones transversales de cada uno de los nervios a nivel de la división del nervio isquiático y del origen de los nervios tibial y fibular común. Realizamos cortes de 5 µm de grosor, los que fueron teñidos con H.E. Obtuvimos información cuantitativa sobre medidas morfométricas, determinamos el número de fibras nerviosas de cada fascículo así como el número de fascículos existente en cada nervio. Además, determinamos, por planimetría a través del conteo de puntos, el área de los fascículos que constituían cada nervio. El número de fascículos en el nervio isquiático varió de 63 a 70, con un promedio de 66,8 (D. E. 2,59). En el nervio tibial, el número de fascículos varió de 35 a 43, con un promedio de 30 (D. E. 3,00) y en el nervio fibular común el número de fascículos varió de 17 a 25, con un promedio de 21 (D. E. 2,92). El número promedio de fibras en el nervio ciático fue de 64.535 (D. E. 3.193). En los ...

The sciatic nerve, the longest of the human body, emerging from the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen, dividing proximal to the knee joint in the tibial and common fibular nerves. Frequently these nerves are affected by accidents, therefore, the repairing microsurgery requires detailed anatomical information in order to successfully complete these procedures. The sciatic nerve can be damaged by penetrating injuries in the posterior luxations of the hip joint, and by intramuscular injections, given incorrectly the gluteal region. Injury to the tibial nerve is rare as it is deeply located and protected. On the other hand, injury to the common fibular nerve is frequent due to its superficial position, leaving it exposed when it leaves the popliteal fossa and surrounds the fibular neck. The study was conducted due to scarce morphometric and stereologic information on these nerves. The sciatic tibial and common fibular nerves in five cadavers of individual male adults were dissected. Transverse section of each of the nerves were obtained at the level of the division of the sciatic nerve and of the origin of the tibial and common fibular nerves. Sections of 5 µm were cut which were stained with H.E. We obtained quantitative information regarding morphomtric measurements, determined the number of nerve fibres of each fascicle, as well as the number of existing fascicles in each nerve. We also determined by planimetry, through counting of points, the area of the fascicles that constituted each nerve. The number of fascicles in the sciatic nerve varied from 63 to 70 with an average of 66.8 (S.D. 2.59). In the tibial nerve the number of fascicles varied from 17 to 25 with an average of 21 (S.D. 2.92). The mean number of fibres in the sciatic nerve as of 64,535 (S.D. 3,193). In the tibial nerve it was 40,317 (S.D. 4,067) and in the common fibular nerve it was: 22,191 (S.D. 1,038). The median area of the sciatic, tibial and common fibular nerves was: 11,42 mm².

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BACKGROUND: There are no clear guidelines for the indication of elective surgery in sigmoid diverticular disease. AIM: To analyze the indications and long term results of elective surgery in sigmoid diverticular disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective review of 100 patients (age range 25-86 years, 51 male) with sigmoid diverticular disease, operated in a lapse of 22 years. Sixty seven patients answered a survey about their disease at the end of follow up. RESULTS: Among patients aged more than 70 years, there was a higher proportion of women. The main indication for surgery was recurrent diverticulitis in 54 patients, followed by diverticular fistula in 19. A sigmoidectomy was performed in 91 patients. Stapled anastomosis was performed in half of these patients. No patient died or required reoperation in the immediate postoperative period. During a follow up ranging from 8 to 280 months, 28 patients died for causes not associated with diverticular disease and five were lost. Those patients that answered the survey were free of symptoms related to diverticular disease and did not require new operations. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with sigmoid diverticular disease and recurrent diverticulitis or with fistulae, the long term results of surgery are satisfactory.

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The incidence, risk factors, and clinical relevance of stenosis of stapled colorectal anastomosis (CRA) were studied prospectively. Anastomotic stricture was defined as the inability of traversing the anastomosis with the rigid proctoscope. The population studied consisted of 179 patients (94 males) with an average age of 59.3 years (range: 20 to 91 years). The main indication for surgery was colorectal cancer in 59% of the cases, followed by diverticular disease in 23%. The first endoscopic control was performed before 4 months in 25% of the patients, between 5 and 10 months in 50%, and during the following 10 months in 25%. Stenosis was verified with the rigid instrument in 21.1% of the cases and with the flexible colonoscope in 4.4%. The barium enema performed in 12 cases confirmed a punctiform stenosis in 5 patients, 4 of whom had been asymptomatic. An endoscopic dilatation was performed on 5 of the 8 symptomatic patients, with one relapse that required an additional dilatation. In the univariate analysis only the lesser 4-month interval was statistically significant (p = 0.033; odds ratio (OR) = 2.3; confidence interval (CI) 95% = 1.06 to 4.97). Male patients (p = 0.057; OR = 2.08; IC 95% = 0.97-4.44) show a tendency to CRA stricture that does not reach statistically significant levels. In the multivariate analysis, only sex (p = 0.04; OR = 4.11; IC 95% = 1.03 to 5.41) and the time interval (p = 0.012; OR = 2.87; IC 95% = 1.25 to 6.57) appear as independent variables in stenosis risk of a stapled CRA. The incidence of this complication depends on the criteria used for defining it. It is clinically relevant in no more than 5% of the patients. Five out of eight patients in category II were treated successfully with an endoscopic dilatation, while the other three improved spontaneously. Early stenosis, although frequent, is generally asymptomatic and disappears spontaneously. Considering the lack of correlation between the degree of stricture and its symptomatology, it is convenient to combine both the anatomic and the clinical criteria in the selection of candidates for an eventual therapeutic procedure.

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BACKGROUND: CEA is widely used in the follow up of patients with colorectal carcinoma. AIM: To study the value of preoperative CEA as an independent prognostic factor in colorectal carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Analysis of 373 operated patients (204 females, age range 21-92 years) with colorectal carcinoma and a mean follow up of 53 months. The cutoff value for CEA was 5 ng/ml. Ninety four percent of patients had an excisable tumor, 79% had involvement of perirectal/pericolonic adipose tissue and 46% had lymph node involvement. Staging was done using Dukes-Turnbull and TNM classifications. RESULTS: CEA was normal in 61% of cases, over 5 ng/ml in 39% and over 15 ng/ml in 22%. There was a strong correlation between mean preoperative CEA and tumor stage, depth and lymph node involvement. During the follow up, 140 patients died, 57 with normal and 83 with elevated CEA. Cancer mortality in patients subjected to a curative excision of the tumor (Dukes A-C2/TNM I-III) was 9% for colonic tumors and 36% for rectal tumors (p < 0.001). There were no survival differences in patients with Dukes B/TNM II tumors according to preoperative CEA. Among Dukes C/TNM III tumors, survival difference was only significant for rectal tumors. A Cox model disclosed tumor stage, location and preoperative CEA as independent prognostic factors for survival. CONCLUSIONS: CEA is an independent prognostic factor for survival in colorectal carcinoma and high levels suggest an advanced disease.

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BACKGROUND: Ten to 22% of lower gastrointestinal bleedings require emergency surgery. The overall mortality of the procedure is 22%. AIM: To report our experience in the management of patients with massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 20 patients (10 male) aged 19 to 79 years old, with lower gastrointestinal bleeding. RESULTS: Nine patients were operated on after the bleeding stopped and 11 were operated while still bleeding. In ten, the cause of bleeding was diverticular disease or angiodysplasia. In four, the bleeding originated in the small bowel and in 7 it was of vascular origin. Two patients with a torrential bleeding, were operated on without prior study. Colonoscopy, done in 18 patients, identified the bleeding site in 66% of cases. Scintigraphy was performed in 7 patients and it was positive in five without operative mortality. Selective angiography was done in four patients and was positive in three. A partial intestinal resection was performed in 15 patients and a total colectomy in five without operative mortality. Six patients had major postoperative complications and mean hospital stay was 18 days. Patients have been followed for 9 to 144 months and six have died. Eleven patients were reassessed and all have complete fecal continence. CONCLUSIONS: In this series, the main causes of massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding were diverticulosis and angiodysplasia. In a high percentage of patients, the bleeding originated in the small bowel.

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Se estudia en forma retrospectiva 38 pacientes resecados electivamente por enfermedad diverticular del colon (EDC). Las indicaciones de cirugía fueron el antecedente de perforación en 18 casos (47 porciento), diverticulitis recurrente en 9 (26 porciento), fístula colovesical o entérica en 7 (18 porciento) y otras causas en 4. Se realizaron 55 operaciones, 35 sigmoidectomías (más 4 cistorrafias y 2 resecciones de intestino delgado), 2 hemocolectomías izquierdas y 2 derechas. Además 16 cierres de colostomías transversas. No hubo mortalidad operatoria y la morbilidad operatoria relacionada con la cirugía consistió en 2 fístulas estercoráceas del cierre de colostomía transversa, que cicatrizaron espontáneamente. La histopatología mostró un 82 porciento de inflamación en las piezas resecadas. El seguimiento a largo plazo se logró en el 95 porciento sin recurrencias sintomáticas por EDC. Se concluye que la sigmoidectomía es la intervención de elección en la EDC. Que la indicación más importante para la resección es la complicación y que la anatomía patológica no siempre es concordante

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Con el propósito de comparar el efecto del Diazepam con el de Pancuronio y D-Tubocurarina en la prevención de los efectos indeseables de la Succinilcolina, se estudiaron 33 pacientes anestésicos tratados con estas drogas en quienes se determinaron: la intensidad de las fasciculaciones musculares, la calidad y duración del bloqueo neuromuscular, el dolor muscular postoperatorio, y los niveles séricos de Potasio y Creatinfosfoquinasa antes y después de la administración de Succinilcolina. A diferencia de lo sostenido por algunos autores, se encontró que el Diazepam no resultó eficaz en prevenir estos efectos y por lo tanto, no presenta ninguna ventaja comparado con el Pancuronio y la D-Tubocurarina

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