RESUMEN
El neumoencéfalo corresponde a la presencia de aire intracraneal y, en general, es asintomático y autolimitado. Puede ocurrir posterior a trauma, cirugía craneofacial, defectos congénitos, infección, neoplasia o de forma espontánea. El neumoencéfalo a tensión es una emergencia neuroquirúrgica, en la que se acumula aire intracraneal de forma continua que genera un efecto de masa. Clínicamente, se caracteriza por cefalea y un deterioro neurológico marcado. A pesar de ser poco frecuente, es relevante considerar el neumoencéfalo a tensión como una posible complicación en pacientes con antecedente de neurocirugía y/o cirugía otorrinolaringológica, debido a que es una patología potencialmente grave. El diagnóstico es clínico e imagenológico, y requiere de un alto índice de sospecha. Un manejo oportuno es relevante para prevenir la herniación y la muerte.
Pneumocephalus refers to the presence of air in the cranial cavity, and in general, is self-limited and asymptomatic. It can occur after trauma, craniofacial surgery, due to congenital defects, infection, neoplasia or spontaneously. Tension pneumocephalus is a neurosurgical emergency in which intracranial air accumulates continuously, causing a mass effect. It presents with headache and marked neurological deterioration. Despite being rare, it is relevant to consider tension pneumocephalus as a possible complication in patients with a history of neurosurgery and/or otolaryngology surgery, as it can be life-threatening. Diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion and imagenologic confirmation. Timely management is relevant to prevent herniation and death.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Neumocéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Hipertensión Intracraneal/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
El neumoencéfalo es una patología que comúnmente se presenta después de cirugía neuroquirúrgica y ocasionalmente endonasal. Estos se suelen manejar de manera conservadora, sin embargo, se pueden asociar a distintas etiologías las cuales los hacen recurrir. En este reporte presentamos dos casos de neumoencéfalo tardío post quirúrgico asociado a fístulas de LCR de bajo flujo, donde se discute su clínica, etiología y manejo posterior.
Pneumocephalus is a pathology that commonly occurs after endonasal surgery, these are usually managed conservatively, however they can be associated with different etiologies which make them recur. In this report we present two cases of post-surgical late pneumocephalus associated with low-flow CSF fistulae, where its symptoms, etiology, and subsequent management are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neumocéfalo/cirugía , Fístula/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Neumocéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Tomografía por Rayos X/métodosRESUMEN
Resumen La amigdalectomía es uno de los procedimientos quirúrgicos más frecuentes que realiza el otorrinolaringólogo. Dentro de las complicaciones posoperatorias, la neuralgia del nervio glosofaríngeo es extremadamente poco frecuente. En este artículo se presentan dos casos clínicos pediátricos con neuralgia del glosofaríngeo posamigdalectomía que fueron resueltos con tratamiento médico.
Abstract Tonsillectomy is one of the most common procedures done by the otolaryngologist. Among post-operative complications, the glossopharyngeal neuralgia is extremely uncommon. This article presents two pediatric clinical cases with post-tonsillectomy glossopharyngeal neuralgia that were resolved with medical treatment.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Preescolar , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Tonsilectomía/efectos adversos , Enfermedades del Nervio Glosofaríngeo , Enfermedades del Nervio Glosofaríngeo/diagnóstico , Nervio Glosofaríngeo , NeuralgiaRESUMEN
Las enfermedades cardiovasculares son la principal causa de muerte en el mundo. Su incidencia y prevalencia aumentan con la edad y con los diferentes factores de riesgo. La mayoría de estos factores tienen una relación estrecha con el estilo de vida; factores como la dislipidemia, el tabaquismo, la hipertensión, la diabetes mellitus, la obesidad y el estrés son cada vez más prevalentes y varían según la población y localización geográfica. Por eso se realiza una revisión de la epidemiología mundial y nacional del síndrome coronario agudo, y de cómo este ha variado a través de los años. Se buscó literatura en inglés y español en diferentes bases de datos, fueron seleccionados 50 artículos que se presentan haciendo énfasis en el impacto epidemiológico del síndrome coronario agudo. Luego de realizar la revisión detallada se concluye que la enfermedad cardiovascular persiste como primera causa mundial de morbimortalidad, con aumento en su frecuencia durante los últimos años. El síndrome coronario agudo es la afección que provoca más muertes entre todos los eventos, con incidencia, edad de presentación, impacto económico y factores de riesgo diferentes de acuerdo con cada región. Los factores de riesgo modificables siguen siendo muy importantes en el desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares.
Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of mortality all over the world. Their incidence and prevalence increase with age and different risk factors. The majority of factors are closely related to the lifestyle; aspects such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and stress are more prevalent day by day and vary according to the population and its geographical location. The researchers made a revision on international and national epidemiology of the acute coronary syndrome and it has changed over the years. The study included literature published in both English and Spanish retrieved from different databases. For this particular case, 50 articles focused on the epidemiologic impact of the acute coronary syndrome were reviewed. After a detailed revision, it can be said that the cardiovascular disease, which has been increasing during the past years, remains as the first cause of morbidity and mortality at the worldwide level. This syndrome causes more deaths in all events, with different incidence, age in which it takes place, economic impact and risk factors, depending on each region. The modifiable risk factors are still very important in the development of cardiovascular diseases.
As doenças cardiovasculares são as principais causas de morte no mundo. Sua incidência e prevalência aumentam com a idade e com os diferentes fatores de risco. A maioria destes fatores têm uma relação estreita com o estilo de vida; fatores como a dislipidemia, o tabaquismo, a hipertensão, a diabetes mellitus, a obesidade e o estresse são cada vez mais prevalentes e variam segundo a população e localização geográfica. Por isso se realiza uma revisão da epidemiologia mundial e nacional da síndrome coronária aguda, e de como este há variado através dos anos. Se buscou literatura em inglês e espanhol em diferentes bases de dados, foram selecionados 50 artigos que se apresentam fazendo ênfase no impacto epidemiológico da síndrome coronária aguda. Logo de realizar a revisão detalhada se conclui que a doença cardiovascular persiste como primeira causa mundial de morbimortalidade, com aumento na sua frequência durante os últimos anos. A síndrome coronária aguda é a afecção que provoca mais mortes entre todos os eventos, com incidência, idade de apresentação, impacto econômico e fatores de risco diferentes de acordo com cada região. Os fatores de risco modificáveis seguem sendo muito importantes no desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Tabaquismo , Trombosis Coronaria , Angiografía , Síndrome Coronario Agudo , Hipertensión , Estilo de Vida , ObesidadRESUMEN
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common type of male malignancy worldwide. The transcription factor zinc finger Ebox binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) is associated with epithelialmesenchymal transition and is also involved in regulation of androgen receptor (AR) expression, the main ligands of which are testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). These androgens are synthesized through the steroidogenic pathway within the prostate, and their synthesis is altered in PCa. The present study aimed to determine the ZEB1induced alterations in androgen synthesis and AR expression in the DU145 PCa cell line. Reverse transcriptionquantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunocytochemistry were used to determine the mRNA and protein expression levels, and cellular localization of steroidogenic pathway enzymes in the DU145 cell line in response to ZEB1 silencing. Furthermore, the concentrations of testosterone and DHT were detected in cell culture medium using ELISA. ZEB1silenced cells exhibited an increase in testosterone and DHT production, an increase in AR expression and an alteration in the steroidogenic pathway. In particular, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and 5αreductase 2 expression levels were decreased, whereas cytochrome P450 family 17 subfamily A member 1, 5αreductase 1, aldoketo reductase family 1 member D1 and aldoketo reductase family 1 member C2 expression levels were increased. In conclusion, the present study provided novel information regarding the regulation of intratumoral androgen production in PCa, which is relevant for the progression of the disease to a castrationresistant form.
Asunto(s)
Dihidrotestosterona/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Próstata Resistentes a la Castración/metabolismo , Testosterona/biosíntesis , Homeobox 1 de Unión a la E-Box con Dedos de Zinc/fisiología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Dihidrotestosterona/análisis , Silenciador del Gen , Humanos , Masculino , Próstata/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Próstata Resistentes a la Castración/química , Receptores Androgénicos/metabolismo , Testosterona/análisis , Homeobox 1 de Unión a la E-Box con Dedos de Zinc/genéticaRESUMEN
Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad obtenida con la compresión ecoguiada como primera elección para lograr la trombosis del pseudoaneurisma iatrogénico post estudio o intervencionismo. Material y Método: Estudio retrospectivo observacional de 9 pacientes en quienes se realizó la compresión ecoguiada como primera alternativa de manejo frente a pseudoaneurismas iatrogénicos secundarios a procedimientos diagnósticos o terapéuticos ocurridos entre agosto de 2012 y diciembre de 2015 en el Hospital Regional de Talca. Resultados: De 4.070 procedimientos se presentó la complicación en 9 pacientes, un 0,22%; 7 posterior a procedimientos terapéuticos (0,4%), y 2 en el grupo de diagnósticos (0,08%). La muestra se compone por 6 hombres y 3 mujeres de edad promedio 70 años. El vaso comprometido fue principalmente la arteria femoral con un 77%. Los pseudoaneurismas ocurrieron mayoritariamente posteriores a procedimientos terapéuticos (77%); y el éxito de la compresión ecoguiada se obtuvo en el 67%. No hubo complicaciones asociadas al tratamiento. Conclusiones: La compresión ecoguiada tiene un porcentaje de éxito menor en esta pequeña serie que los obtenidos por otros autores, pero al no presentar complicaciones y por su bajo costo creemos debe mantenerse como primera alternativa.
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness obtained with echo guided compression as the first choice to achieve thrombosis of iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm after study or interventionism. Material and Method: Retrospective observational study of 9 patients who underwent echo-guided compression as the first management alternative to iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms following diagnostic or therapeutic procedures that occurred between August 2012 and December 2015 at the Regional Hospital of Talca. Results: Of 4,070 procedures the complication was presented in 9 patients, 0.22%; 7 after therapeutic procedures (0.4%), and 2 in the diagnostic group (0.08%). The sample consists of 6 men and 3 women of average age 70 years. The involved vessel was mainly the femoral artery with 77%. Pseudoaneurysms occurred mostly after therapeutic procedures (77%); and the success of the echogenic compression was obtained in 67%. There were no complications associated with treatment. Conclusions : Image guided compression has a lower success rate in this small series than those obtained by other authors, but since there are no complications and because of its low cost, we believe that it should be kept as the first alternative.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Cateterismo/efectos adversos , Técnicas Hemostáticas , Ultrasonografía/métodos , Aneurisma Falso/terapia , Presión , Factores de Tiempo , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Aneurisma Falso/etiología , Aneurisma Falso/epidemiología , Aneurisma Falso/diagnóstico por imagen , Arteria Femoral/lesiones , Enfermedad IatrogénicaRESUMEN
Con el objetivo de comparar la citología ginecológica de Base Líquida, con la citología convencional de Papanicolaou, en la detección de lesiones precancerosas y cancerosas de cuello uterino, se realizó un estudio de Tamizaje, en 144 pacientes aparentemente sanas que se presentaron a las consultas de ITS e Higiene del Adulto del Ambulatorio Efraín Abad, Maracay, durante el primer semestre de 2012, practicándoseles una encuesta y una muestra vaginal para cada prueba. Por Papanicolaou resultaron negativas 111 muestras y 33 insatisfactorias. De la citología líquida, 135 fueron negativas y detectados 9 casos (6,25%), de lesiones Intraepiteliales de Bajo Grado, cinco de ellas negativas con Papanicolaou y cuatro insatisfactorias. Los resultados refieren, la asociación de la promiscuidad sexual de la paciente y/o su pareja, sin protección como principal causa de cáncer de cérvix. El empleo de esta nueva técnica citológica, es un avance científico, que permitirá detectar todos los casos existentes, por su alta sensibilidad y especificidad en comparación con la de Papanicolaou, por lo tanto implementarla será una estrategia de promoción, prevención y atención en el programa nacional de cáncer de cuello uterino.
In order to compare the liquid-based gynecologic cytology with conventional cytology Pap in detecting precancerous lesions and cervical cancer, a study of screening in 144 apparently healthy patients who presented to queries STIs and Health outpatient adult Ephraim Abbot, Leeds, during the first half of 2012, a survey and practiced vaginal sample for each test. For Pap 111 samples were negative and 33 unsatisfactory. Of liquid-based cytology, 135 were negative and detected 9 cases (6.25%) of lowgrade intraepithelial lesions, including five negative and four unsatisfactory Pap. The results relate the association of sexual promiscuity of the patient and / or their partners, unprotected as the main cause of cervical cancer. Using this new technique cytological, is a scientific breakthrough that will identify all existing cases, by its high sensitivity and specificity compared with Pap therefore will implement a strategy of promotion, prevention and care program national cervical Cancer.
RESUMEN
In the early stages, prostate cancer is androgen dependent; therefore, medical castration has shown significant results during the initial stages of this pathology. Despite this early effect, advanced prostate cancer is resilient to such treatment. Recent evidence shows that derivatives of Cannabis sativa and its analogs may exert a protective effect against different types of oncologic pathologies. The purpose of the present study was to detect the presence of cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) on cancer cells with a prostatic origin and to evaluate the effect of the in vitro use of synthetic analogs. In order to do this, we used a commercial cell line and primary cultures derived from prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. The presence of the CB1 and CB2 receptors was determined by immunohistochemistry where we showed a higher expression of these receptors in later stages of the disease (samples with a high Gleason score). Later, treatments were conducted using anandamide, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol and a synthetic analog of anandamide, methanandamide. Using the MTT assay, we proved that the treatments produced a cell growth inhibitory effect on all the different prostate cancer cultures. This effect was demonstrated to be dose-dependent. The use of a specific CB1 receptor blocker (SR141716) confirmed that this effect was produced primarily from the activation of the CB1 receptor. In order to understand the MTT assay results, we determined cell cycle distribution by flow cytometry, which showed no variation at the different cell cycle stages in all the cultures after treatment. Treatment with endocannabinoids resulted in an increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells as determined by Annexin V assays and caused an increase in the levels of activated caspase-3 and a reduction in the levels of Bcl-2 confirming that the reduction in cell viability noted in the MTT assay was caused by the activation of the apoptotic pathway. Finally, we observed that endocannabinoid treatment activated the Erk pathway and at the same time, produced a decrease in the activation levels of the Akt pathway. Based on these results, we suggest that endocannabinoids may be a beneficial option for the treatment of prostate cancer that has become nonresponsive to common therapies.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/patología , Endocannabinoides/farmacología , Proteínas de Neoplasias/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Receptor Cannabinoide CB1/efectos de los fármacos , Receptor Cannabinoide CB2/efectos de los fármacos , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Ácidos Araquidónicos/farmacología , Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Glicéridos/farmacología , Humanos , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Proteínas de Neoplasias/análisis , Proteínas de Neoplasias/antagonistas & inhibidores , Piperidinas/farmacología , Alcamidas Poliinsaturadas/farmacología , Hiperplasia Prostática/patología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/antagonistas & inhibidores , Pirazoles/farmacología , Receptor Cannabinoide CB1/análisis , Receptor Cannabinoide CB2/análisis , Rimonabant , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
El cáncer de vejiga representa un problema de salud pública importante a nivel mundial. En Chile su relevancia es aún mayor en la región de Antofagasta. Este cáncer se caracteriza por una alta tasa de recurrencia, por lo que los pacientes requieren un seguimiento estricto que afecta su calidad de vida e implica elevados costos para los sistemas de salud. Esto explica la necesidad de optimizar los tratamientos actuales (quimioterapia e inmunoterapia con BCG intravesical) para reducir las tasas de recurrencia y progresión. Los esfingolípidos son lípidos bioactivos que a nivel celular cumplen funciones relacionadas con la regulación del crecimiento, proliferación, migración, invasión, resistencia a drogas y apoptosis. La evidencia disponible a la fecha sobre el rol de los esfingolípidos en cáncer de vejiga es escasa, pero sugiere que en este cáncer existe un metabolismo esfingolipídico desplazado hacia la reducción de los niveles intracelulares de ceramida y esfingosina (esfingolípidos pro-apoptóticos) y aumento de esfingosina 1-fosfato (esfingolípido anti-apoptótico). La manipulación del metabolismo esfingolipídico para invertir esta relación se propone en esta revisión como una estrategia que podría ayudar a optimizar el efecto de las terapias disponibles actualmente para reducir las recurrencias y progresiones de los tumores de vejiga no músculo-invasores...
Bladder cancer is an important health problem worldwide. In Chile it has particular relevance in the region of Antofagasta. This cancer is characterized by a high recurrence rate, for which patients need a strict follow up that impairs their quality of life and determines increased costs for health care systems. These facts explain the necessity of optimizing the actual treatments (chemotherapy and BCG immunotherapy) for reducing the rates of recurrence and progression. Sphingolipids are bioactive lipids that at a cellular level have roles related to the regulation of growth, proliferation, migration, invasiveness, drug resistance and apoptosis. To date, the available evidence about the role of sphingolipids in bladder cancer is scarce, but suggests that in this cancer there is a sphingolipid metabolism shifted towards a reduction of the intracellular levels of ceramide and sphingosine (pro-apoptotic sphingolipids) and an increase of sphingosine 1-phosphate (anti-apoptotic sphingolipid). In this review we propose that the manipulation of the sphingolipid metabolism to invert this balance can contribute to optimize the effect of the actual therapies to reduce the rates of recurrence and progression of non-muscle invasive bladder cancers...
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Esfingolípidos/metabolismo , Esfingolípidos/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Los lípidos no sólo son moléculas estructurales de las membranas. Hay numerosos ejemplos de lípidos que median acciones fisiológicas dentro de las células. Específicamente, esfingolípidos como ceramida, esfingosina y esfingosina-1-fosfato (S1P) han sido involucrados en el control del crecimiento celular, la proliferación y la migración, todo lo cual se ha relacionado con el cáncer.Los efectos pro-apoptóticos de la ceramida y la esfingosina son revertidos por S1P. Por lo tanto, el destino de la célula puede ser modulada mediante el cambio de la proporción de estos esfingolípidos (el modelo reóstato). S1P promueve la proliferación celular, el crecimiento, la supervivencia, la migración, invasión y resistencia fármacos y radiación, en parte a través de receptores de membrana (S1PR1-5). La sobreexpresión de enzimas productoras de S1P y el aumento de los niveles de S1P se ha descrito en muchos tipos de cáncer, incluyendo cánceres urológicos. Por lo tanto, se pueden identificar posibles objetivos terapéuticos en el metabolismo y las vías de señalización de los esfingolípidos, cuya relevancia clínica debe ser determinada en futuros estudios.
Lipids are not only structural molecules of the membranes. There are numerous examples of lipids mediating physiologic actions within the cells. Specifically, sphingolipids like ceramide, sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) have been described to be involved in the control of cell growth, proliferation and migration, all of which has been linked to cancer. The pro-apoptotic effects of ceramide and sphingosine are opposed by S1P. Therefore, the fate of the cell can be modulated by changing the ratio of these sphingolipids (the rheostat model). S1P promotes cell proliferation, growth, survival, migration, invasion and resistance to drugs and radiation, in part mediated by S1P membrane receptors (S1PR1-5). Overexpression of S1P producing enzymes and increased S1P levels has been described in many cancers, including urological cancers. Therefore, potential therapeutic targets can be recognized in the metabolism and signaling pathways of sphingolipids and their clinical relevance have to be determined in future studies.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Esfingosina/análogos & derivados , Lisofosfolípidos/fisiología , Neoplasias Urológicas/metabolismo , Esfingosina/fisiología , Neoplasias Renales/metabolismoRESUMEN
The metabolic and water evaporation strategies in spiders may be part of a set of physiological adaptations to tolerate low or unpredictable food availability, buffering spiders against environmental fluctuations such as those of the high mountains of the central Andes. The aim of this study is to analyze experimentally the variations in metabolic rate and the rate of evaporative water with food and/or water restriction in a high mountain mygalomorph spider population (Paraphysa sp.). We found that the low metabolism of this spider was not affected by water restriction, but its metabolism was depressed after 3 weeks of food deprivation. The spider did not show seasonal metabolic changes but it presented seasonal changes in the rate of evaporative water loss at high temperatures. Females with egg sacs reduced their metabolic rate and evaporative water at high temperatures. These findings constitute a set of possible adaptations to a highly fluctuating Mediterranean environment, which is completely covered with snow for many months and then progresses rapidly to a very dry climate with high temperatures.
Asunto(s)
Metabolismo Basal , Privación de Alimentos , Arañas/metabolismo , Privación de Agua , Pérdida Insensible de Agua , Altitud , Animales , Dióxido de Carbono/metabolismo , Chile , Femenino , Agua/metabolismoRESUMEN
The presence of perianal endometriosis involving the anal sphincter is a rare presentation of this disease, most cases are diagnosed late and few are reported in the literature despite the number of episiotomies performed today. We present a case in a female with perianal symptoms after an episiotomy 15 years ago and visualized by endoanal ultrasound. We also review the literature of this condition. The treatment of choice is wide excision of the lesion involving the anal sphincter so the sphincter defect should be repaired by sphincteroplasty. According to the literature, early diagnosis by clinical suspicion and confirmation by endoanal ultrasound, with wide excision of endometrioma gives satisfactory results regarding anal continence.
Asunto(s)
Canal Anal/patología , Enfermedades del Ano/patología , Endometriosis/patología , Adulto , Canal Anal/diagnóstico por imagen , Canal Anal/cirugía , Enfermedades del Ano/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades del Ano/cirugía , Cicatriz/etiología , Cicatriz/patología , Endometriosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Endometriosis/cirugía , Episiotomía , Femenino , Humanos , Resultado del Tratamiento , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
Small animals need efficient water conservation mechanisms for survival and reproduction, which is relevant for the spiders that have large book lungs with large respiratory surface. If lung evaporation is relevant to limit water loss, adjustments of the spiracle opening to metabolic demands should be expected. In this study, we measured the metabolic rate and total evaporative water loss mediated by the opening of the spiracles in the migalomorph spider Paraphysa parvula, a resident of fluctuating Mediterranean environments of the mountains of central Chile. We found that the metabolism of P. parvula was similar to other Theraphosidae and low compared to other arthropods. Carbon dioxide production and evaporative water loss increased with temperature, particularly at 40 degrees C. The total evaporative water loss at 40 degrees C increased dramatically to about 10 times that found with the lower temperatures. Thus, 40 degrees C will be the limit temperature for this species after which evaporative water loss starts to become damaging, so it has to avoid it. The exposition to hypercapnic environments had as a consequence an increase in evaporative water loss and the involvement of the book lungs in this loss was about 60%. The possibility of losing water could condition this species to seek temperate and oxygenated shelters under rocks.
Asunto(s)
Arañas/metabolismo , Agua/metabolismo , Animales , Dióxido de Carbono/metabolismo , Chile , Pulmón/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Gallstone ileus represents 0.06% of gallstone disease cases as a result of cholecystoenteric fistulae. The presentation is that of intestinal obstruction, the stone is most commonly impacted in the terminal ileum. OBJECTIVE: To present a case of a patient with intestinal obstruction due to a giant stone impacted in the proximal jejunum. CASE REPORT: A 47 year old women presented with abdominal pain, distention, nausea and vomiting.An upper endoscopy revealed a deep duodenal ulcer penetrated to the pancreas. She had partial relief with medical treatment. She was admitted to ourhospital because a new episode of abdominal pain.Physical examination revealed an abdomen with diffuse pain, low peristalsis, leukocytes of 12 000/mm3, neutrophils of 85%, plain abdominal x-ray with intestinal obstruction and pneumobilia, CT scan with intestinal obstruction, hyperdense image in the intestinal lumen and a transition level.Surgery was performed, a giant stone of 6 cm in size was found in the proximal jejunum, an enter olithotomy was performed with primary closure. CONCLUSIONS: Gallstone ileus is a rare condition ofa common disease. It is important in the differential diagnosis in elderly patients with intestinal obstruction. The aim of treatment is to relieve the intestinal obstruction by enterotomy and stone removal.
Asunto(s)
Fístula Biliar/patología , Cálculos Biliares/complicaciones , Cálculos Biliares/patología , Ileus/etiología , Ileus/patología , Fístula Intestinal/patología , Abdomen/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Obstrucción Intestinal/etiología , Yeyuno/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
Parathion is an organophosphorate pesticide amply used in agriculture. Many alterations induced by organophosphorate pesticides have been described, such as: cytogenetic alterations in germinal cells, oligozoospermia and teratozoospermia in the mouse. The effect of Parathion, both pure (PP) and commercial (PC), on mouse interstitial cell testosterone production was evaluated in vivo and in vitro. Male mice were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of 1/3 LD50 of Parathion, both PP and PC. The animals were sacrificed at 1, 8 and 40 days post injection to evaluate the impact of disrupting testosterone production on spermatogonia, spermatocytes and elongated spermatids. The plasma testosterone was assayed by standard radioimmunoanalysis. The same method was used to assay testosterone in the culture medium of interstitial cells obtained from the control and Parathion treated animals at the same time intervals. Sperm count, sperm teratozoospermia and tubular blockage were analyzed for an appraisal of spermatogenesis. Increase in the teratozoospermia and tubular blockage was detected in the PP and PC group at 8 and 40 days post injection. Plasma testosterone levels drop significantly at 8 days and recovered slowly at 40 days only in PP animals as detected in vivo, implying interference of testicular steroidogenesis due to the toxicant. Recuperation of normality occurs at long time intervals. In conclusion, Parathion disturbs the synthesis of testosterone in mice affecting qualitatively the spermatogenesis.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Ratones , Acetilcolinesterasa/sangre , Paratión/toxicidad , Recuento de Espermatozoides , Espermatogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Espermatozoides/anomalías , Testosterona/biosíntesis , Testosterona/sangre , Insecticidas/toxicidad , Ratones EndogámicosRESUMEN
Parathion is an organophosphorate pesticide amply used in agriculture. Many alterations induced by organophosphorate pesticides have been described, such as: cytogenetic alterations in germinal cells, oligozoospermia and teratozoospermia in the mouse. The effect of Parathion, both pure (PP) and commercial (PC), on mouse interstitial cell testosterone production was evaluated in vivo and in vitro. Male mice were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of 1/3 LD50 of Parathion, both PP and PC. The animals were sacrificed at 1, 8 and 40 days post injection to evaluate the impact of disrupting testosterone production on spermatogonia, spermatocytes and elongated spermatids. The plasma testosterone was assayed by standard radioimmunoanalysis. The same method was used to assay testosterone in the culture medium of interstitial cells obtained from the control and Parathion treated animals at the same time intervals. Sperm count, sperm teratozoospermia and tubular blockage were analyzed for an appraisal of spermatogenesis. Increase in the teratozoospermia and tubular blockage was detected in the PP and PC group at 8 and 40 days post injection. Plasma testosterone levels drop significantly at 8 days and recovered slowly at 40 days only in PP animals as detected in vivo, implying interference of testicular steroidogenesis due to the toxicant. Recuperation of normality occurs at long time intervals. In conclusion, Parathion disturbs the synthesis of testosterone in mice affecting qualitatively the spermatogenesis.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Ratones , Acetilcolinesterasa/sangre , Espermatogénesis , Espermatozoides/anomalías , Paratión/toxicidad , Recuento de Espermatozoides , Testosterona/biosíntesis , Testosterona/sangre , Insecticidas/toxicidad , Ratones EndogámicosRESUMEN
The nutritive value of seaweed (Sargassum spp.) was studied in Baja California Sur, Mexico. Twenty female Nubian goats (43-weeks old) were randomly distributed into two groups of 10 goats each and were housed in individual pens. One group was fed with a control diet and the other with a diet supplemented with 25% of Sargassum spp. Feed and water intake were recorded daily and individually for 60 days. The weight of each goat was recorded every 15 days. The nutritional content of Sargassum spp. was 89% dry mater, 8% crude protein, 31% ash, 2% ether extract, and 39% carbohydrates. Fiber fractions, minerals, vitamins, fatty acids, and antinutritional factors were also determined. There were no significant differences in body weight (8.6 kg control and 9 kg experimental), feed intake (1.3 kg control and 1.6 kg experimental), and feed conversion rate (11.1 control and 12.6 experimental). Water consumption was greater in the goats that ate the Sargassum diet (5.3 l). From these results,Sargassum spp.can be considered as an alternative feedstuff for goats.
Se estudió el valor nutricional de varias algas del género Sargassum. Veinte cabras hembras (Nubia) en crecimiento (43 semanas)se distribuyeron aleatoriamente en dos grupos de 10 cabras y se alojaron en corraletas individuales. Un grupo fue alimentado con una dieta testigo elaborada con insumos regionales y el otro con una dieta que incluyó el 25% de Sargassum spp. Durante 60 días se midieron diariamente y en forma individual, el alimento y agua consumidos, el peso corporal se cuantificó cada 15 días. La composición química proximal de Sargassum fue de: 89% materia seca, 7.7% proteína, 31% cenizas, 2% extracto etéreo y 39% de carbohidratos. También se determinaron las fracciones de fibra, minerales, vitaminas, ácidos grasos y factores antinutricios. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en el peso corporal (8.6 kg grupo control y 9 kg experimental), alimento consumido (1.31 kg grupo control y 1.6 experimental)y tasa de conversión alimenticia (11.1 grupo control y 12.6 experimental) entre los tratamientos. El consumo de agua fue mayor en el grupo alimentado con la dieta que incluyó Sargassum spp (5.1 l). De los resultados se deduce que las algas marinas de este género pueden ser utilizadas como un forraje alternativo de mediana calidad para el ganado caprino.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Cabras , Sargassum/química , Valor NutritivoRESUMEN
The seaweed Sargassum (Sargassaceae) as tropical alternative for goats' feeding. The nutritive value of seaweed (Sargassum spp.) was studied in Baja California Sur, Mexico. Twenty female Nubian goats (43-weeks old) were randomly distributed into two groups of 10 goats each and were housed in individual pens. One group was fed with a control diet and the other with a diet supplemented with 25% of Sargassum spp. Feed and water intake were recorded daily and individually for 60 days. The weight of each goat was recorded every 15 days. The nutritional content of Sargassum spp. was 89% dry mater, 8% crude protein, 31% ash, 2% ether extract, and 39% carbohydrates. Fiber fractions, minerals, vitamins, fatty acids, and antinutritional factors were also determined. There were no significant differences in body weight (8.6 kg control and 9 kg experimental), feed intake (1.3 kg control and 1.6 kg experimental), and feed conversion rate (11.1 control and 12.6 experimental). Water consumption was greater in the goats that ate the Sargassum diet (5.3 1). From these results, Sargassum spp. can be considered as an alternative feedstuff for goats.
Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal/análisis , Cabras , Sargassum/química , Animales , Femenino , Valor NutritivoRESUMEN
Parathion is an organophosphorate pesticide amply used in agriculture. Many alterations induced by organophosphorate pesticides have been described, such as: cytogenetic alterations in germinal cells, oligozoospermia and teratozoospermia in the mouse. The effect of Parathion, both pure (PP) and commercial (PC), on mouse interstitial cell testosterone production was evaluated in vivo and in vitro. Male mice were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of 1/3 LD50 of Parathion, both PP and PC. The animals were sacrificed at 1, 8 and 40 days post injection to evaluate the impact of disrupting testosterone production on spermatogonia, spermatocytes and elongated spermatids. The plasma testosterone was assayed by standard radioimmunoanalysis. The same method was used to assay testosterone in the culture medium of interstitial cells obtained from the control and Parathion treated animals at the same time intervals. Sperm count, sperm teratozoospermia and tubular blockage were analyzed for an appraisal of spermatogenesis. Increase in the teratozoospermia and tubular blockage was detected in the PP and PC group at 8 and 40 days post injection. Plasma testosterone levels drop significantly at 8 days and recovered slowly at 40 days only in PP animals as detected in vivo, implying interference of testicular steroidogenesis due to the toxicant. Recuperation of normality occurs at long time intervals. In conclusion, Parathion disturbs the synthesis of testosterone in mice affecting qualitatively the spermatogenesis
Asunto(s)
Insecticidas/toxicidad , Paratión/toxicidad , Espermatogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Testosterona/biosíntesis , Acetilcolinesterasa/sangre , Animales , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos , Recuento de Espermatozoides , Espermatozoides/anomalías , Testosterona/sangreRESUMEN
Members of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan family, the syndecans have emerged as integrators of extracellular signals, such as ECM components or growth factors, that activate cytoplasmic signaling cascades and regulate cytoskeletal functions. Specifically, syndecan-2 has been implicated in various cellular processes, from differentiation to migration, including its participation in cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion. Here, we focused on the involvement of syndecan-2 in epithelial versus mesenchymal differentiation. Colorectal cancer-derived HT-29 M6 epithelial cells were stably transfected with full-length syndecan-2 cDNA, and the effect on cell morphology, adhesion, and mobility was evaluated. Characteristic features of migratory cells such as loss of intercellular contacts, flatter shape and multiple membrane projections were observed in syndecan-2 transfectants. Western blot analysis of the major component of epithelial adherens junctions, E-cadherin, revealed decreased expression levels. Furthermore, syndecan-2 induced stronger adhesion to collagen type I, specifically inhibited by heparin. This was correlated with an increased ability for migration, as demonstrated by wound healing experiments and transwell assays, without affecting their growth rate. These results indicate that syndecan-2 expression in mucus-secreting HT-29 M6 cells induces differentiation toward a migratory mesenchymal-like phenotype.