RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: We had for aim to determine the epidemiology of meningeal and lung invasive infections due to Streptococcus pneumoniae in Burkina Faso. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We screened for S. pneumoniae with the usual bacteriology techniques and with real time polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR) in 7917 samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and pleural fluid (PF) collected in the Ouagadougou Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital, from 2007 to 2011. RESULTS: S. pneumoniae was identified in 476 (6%) samples including 455 (5.7%) in CSF and 21 (0.3%) in PF. Sixty-seven percent of invasive infections occurred in patients 15 years of age or less, without any significant sex ratio difference. The infections occurred most frequently between January and August, with the first and most important peak between January and May (dry season) and the second peak between June and August (at the beginning of rain season). The introduction of rt-PCR proved the under diagnosing of invasive infections by usual bacteriological methods (latex agglutination assay and culture). CONCLUSION: Invasive pneumococcal infections occur mainly in patients 15 years of age or less, without any difference in sex ratio and with peaks in the dry season. Vaccinal schedules should include all age ranges in Burkina Faso.
Asunto(s)
Meningitis Neumocócica/epidemiología , Neumonía Neumocócica/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antígenos Bacterianos/análisis , Burkina Faso/epidemiología , Líquido Cefalorraquídeo/microbiología , Niño , Preescolar , ADN Bacteriano/análisis , Reacciones Falso Negativas , Femenino , Hospitales de Enseñanza , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Pruebas de Fijación de Látex , Masculino , Meningitis Neumocócica/microbiología , Meningitis Neumocócica/prevención & control , Persona de Mediana Edad , Derrame Pleural/microbiología , Vacunas Neumococicas , Neumonía Neumocócica/microbiología , Neumonía Neumocócica/prevención & control , Juego de Reactivos para Diagnóstico , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Estaciones del Año , Streptococcus pneumoniae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Streptococcus pneumoniae/inmunología , Streptococcus pneumoniae/aislamiento & purificación , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Data on campylobacteriosis are almost nonexistent in Burkina Faso. In this study conducted from 2006 to 2008 in Ouagadougou; stool specimens and sociodemographic data were collected from 1 246 patients attending the university teaching hospital for enteritis. Stool samples were analyzed for the presence of Campylobacter by the direct culture method on selective mCCDA agar followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing on the isolated strains. The isolation rate of Campylobacter was 2.3;comprising of the following species C. jejuni (51.8); C. coli (13.8); and C. upsaliensis (3.5). However; 30.9of the isolates were unidentified. No resistant strain was found to gentamicin. The resistance to amoxicillin+clavulanic acid (3.4) was lower than those (10.3-34.5) to the other antibiotics: erythromycin (10.3); tetracycline (10.3); ciprofloxacin (13.8); amoxicillin (24.1) and ceftriaxone (34.5); nalidixic acid (34.5). Significant associations were found between Campylobacter enteritis and contact with animals (P=0.03); and HIV infection (P0.0001); in contrast to other sociodemographic and seasonal factors. From the data obtained Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid appear to be the first choice for treatment. The implementation of a national program may be helpful in controlling the spread of the disease and the increase of resistance to antibiotics