RESUMEN
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) on the stability and displacement of orthodontic mini-implants (MIs) submitted to loading. Forty-eight and 35 mini-implants (1.5 × 8 × 1 mm) were assessed for stability and displacement, respectively (19 patients). MIs were allocated according to the intervention in 1-PBM + immediate loading (IL), 2-PBM + delayed loading (DL) (four weeks after implantation), 3-IL only, and 4-DL only. PBM (Therapy XT, DCM) was implemented using a red emission (660 nm, 4 J/cm2, 0.1 W, 20 s) immediately after implantation (day 0) and infrared emissions (808 nm; 8 J/cm2, 0.1 W, 40 s) in the following appointments every 48-72 h during two weeks (days 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, and 14). Loading of 150 gF was applied during three months for all MIs. The stability was assessed by resonance frequency analysis (Osstell ISQ), and images from Cone beam computed tomography were evaluated to determine the amount of the displacement of the MI's head. MIs from the PBM groups presented lower loss of stability (P = 0.0372). When the analysis considered the loading protocol as an additional variable, group two showed the lowest loss of stability, being significantly different from groups that did not receive PBM (P = 0.0161). There was no difference between groups two and four during the period without loading (P > 0.05). DL groups presented lower loss when the effective period of loading was assessed, independently of the application of PBM (P < 0.0001). All groups showed displacement of the MIs head without significant differences (P > 0.05). DL potentiated the effect of PBM, decreasing the loss of stability.
Asunto(s)
Implantes Dentales , Terapia por Luz de Baja Intensidad , Ortodoncia , Adolescente , Puntos Anatómicos de Referencia , Tomografía Computarizada de Haz Cónico , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: The adequacy of biological samples is a critical and important item in the clinical laboratory, so that reliable results can be obtained for patients. OBJECTIVE: To ensure integrity and stability of biological samples during the transport process. METHOD: Concurrent validation was carried out - in parallel with the production process and distribution of the product, from January to March 2017. The blood samples were packaged primarily in tube racks, and those of urine, feces and microbiological materials were packed in plastic bags. Materials were wrapped in a blanket of absorbent material to ensure temperature integrity and to avoid possible material losses. Thermal bags were the containers used to carry the samples. There were five transport routes, with two daily routes for each collection unit. A recommendation of the number of ice packs, predefined by the laboratory, was followed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the first month, the pre-established temperatures (blood: 10°C to 22°C/urine-feces: 2°C to 8°C) were not reached until arrival at the central laboratory, and the amount of ice in each bag was gradually increased, daily, until reaching the ideal temperature, in all collection units and the central. Transport routes were changed three times in the most distant units. Materials that arrived outside specifications were processed with restrictions, and results were evaluated by the professional responsible for the release. After these modifications, the temperature records of the biological materials were in accordance with the current legislation and the defined specifications, thus validating the process.
RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: A adequação das amostras biológicas é um item crítico e importante no laboratório clínico, para que possamos oferecer resultados confiáveis aos pacientes. OBJETIVO: Garantir a integridade e a estabilidade das amostras biológicas durante o processo de transporte. MÉTODO: Foi realizada validação concorrente - concomitantemente ao processo produtivo e à distribuição do produto, no período de janeiro a março de 2017. As amostras de sangue foram acondicionadas primariamente em galerias; as de urina, fezes e materiais microbiológicos, em sacos plásticos. Os materiais foram envoltos por uma manta de material absorvente para garantir a integridade da temperatura e evitar possíveis perdas de material. Maletas térmicas foram os recipientes utilizados para transportar as amostras. Havia cinco rotas de transporte, com dois percursos diários para cada unidade de coleta. Foi seguida a recomendação da quantidade de barras de gelo predefinida pelo laboratório. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÃO: No primeiro mês, as temperaturas preestabelecidas (sangue: 10°C a 22°C/urina e fezes: 2°C a 8°C) não foram atingidas até a chegada à matriz, e aumentou-se gradativamente a quantidade de gelo em cada maleta, com avaliações diárias, até se atingir a temperatura ideal, em todas as unidades de coleta e na matriz. Foi realizada mudança nas rotas de transporte com frequência de três vezes nas unidades mais distantes. Os materiais que chegaram fora das especificações foram processados com restrição; e os resultados, avaliados pelo profissional responsável pela liberação. Após essas modificações, os registros de temperatura dos materiais biológicos estavam de acordo com a legislação vigente e as especificações definidas, validando, portanto, o processo.
RESUMEN
This cross-sectional study is aimed at the identification of patterns in the utilization of health care services in Pau da Lima, a neighborhood in the city of Salvador, Bahia. In 1992, a household survey was carried out with 384 families selected through a random cluster sampling design. In each household, the family head or a surrogate informant was asked to answer a questionnaire about their use of any type of health care in the last month. From the total of 1,887 individuals, 236 reported at least one visit to health facilities during the referent period This means an estimated prevalence of health services utilization of 12.5%. With regard to the type of services, 25.9% of all visits were made to public sector facilities. Attendants were mainly women (73.7%) from 15 to 29 years of age. The main reason reported for the choice of the health facility was availability (63.7%), and the major reason for seeking health care was disease-related conditions (75.7%), rather than preventive procedures. These findings may result from the still unfinished process of distritalização(district allocation of services), which is evident in the lack of health services' infrastructure or coverage, as well as in persistent organizational problems. These issues may lead the population living in the respective district to seek health care outside the assigned catchment area. The authors discuss these findings in the context of the expansion of the private sector in the health area and the financial collapse of the public budget in Brazil.
RESUMEN
Apresentam-se de dois casos de Displasia Ectodérmica Hipohidrótica. Faz-se também uma revisäo da herança desta entidade, focalizando-se as manifestaçöes em uma paciente do sexo femenino