RESUMEN
As part of a standard evaluation of neuropsychological sequelae, the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) was administered to 107 patients with a history of traumatic brain injury. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on the 12 subtests of the WMS-R to examine the fit of various hypothesized factor patterns, including patterns identified in previous exploratory factor analytic studies. Because part of the correlation between immediate and delayed recall trials of the same material is attributable to a common measurement procedure, this correlation due to measurement commonality was partialled out of the conceptual factor structure. The results suggested the presence of 3 distinct but highly correlated factors: attention/concentration, immediate memory, and delayed recall. Models that posited separate verbal and nonverbal memory processes failed to improve fit over more parsimonious models. Comparisons with previous factor analytic studies and implications for clinical assessment are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Daño Encefálico Crónico/diagnóstico , Lesiones Encefálicas/diagnóstico , Escalas de Wechsler/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Atención , Daño Encefálico Crónico/psicología , Lesiones Encefálicas/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Recuerdo Mental , Persona de Mediana Edad , Psicometría , Desempeño Psicomotor , Retención en Psicología , Aprendizaje VerbalRESUMEN
The Developmental Profile was completed on 32 prospectively followed children with symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection (mean age 6 7/12 years; 78% white, 59% male). The distribution of intelligence and general developmental scores was bimodal; one group had severe deficits (mean IQ 28.8), the other had relatively less severe intellectual sequelae (mean IQ 91.6). Correlation analysis (Pearson r) showed that three variables--microcephaly, neurologic abnormalities, and chorioretinitis--when apparent during the first year of life, were all significantly associated with low intelligence. No correlation was found between IQ and severity of neonatal reticuloendothelial disease or hearing loss. Multiple regression analysis showed that age at testing, chorioretinitis, and neurologic sequelae accounted for 63% of the IQ variance in our sample. We conclude that children with symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection have a greater range of intellectual outcomes than has been previously reported, and that certain early clinical manifestations may be useful in anticipating special needs.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/congénito , Discapacidades del Desarrollo/diagnóstico , Inteligencia , Niño , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/psicología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Pruebas de Inteligencia , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , Pruebas Psicológicas , Análisis de RegresiónRESUMEN
It has been suggested that the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children--Revised (WISC--R) may usefully be interpreted in terms of a Simultaneous-Successive factor structure. A previous attempt to validate this hypothesis via factor analysis of 8 of the 12 WISC--R subtests was later shown to be an unreliable test of this model. The present study, performed upon 36 children, aged 6 1/2 to 12 1/2 yr., 45% female, 83% black, tested the validity of the two-factor model vis-á-vis the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC), which is reported to have an unambiguous Simultaneous-Sequential (Successive) factor structure. Present results do not support a salient Simultaneous-Successive structure for the WISC--R, and clinicians should be wary of using the proposed two-factor model of the WISC--R for diagnostic or remedial purposes.
Asunto(s)
Discapacidad Intelectual/diagnóstico , Discapacidades para el Aprendizaje/diagnóstico , Escalas de Wechsler , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Discapacidad Intelectual/psicología , Discapacidades para el Aprendizaje/psicología , Masculino , PsicometríaRESUMEN
Congenital cytomegalovirus infection occurs in about 1% of live births. Although symptomatic congenital infection often results in severe developmental deficits and mental retardation, about 90% have asymptomatic infection. Previous studies of the intellectual development in children with asymptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus have resulted in mixed findings. To control for the effects of hearing impairment (which occurs in about 15% of asymptomatic children) on intelligence scores, we tested 18 prospectively followed, normally hearing, school-aged children with asymptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus (15 black, ten male) and 18 controls matched for age, sex, race, school grade, and socioeconomic status. Children were tested via the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised, the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, and the Wide Range Achievement Test. Multivariate analysis revealed no differences between groups on intelligence scores or subscales, achievement scores, or incidence of learning disabilities (defined as significant discrepancy between intelligence and achievement), and mean scores for both groups were very close to national norms. It is concluded that the 25,000 children born in the United States each year with asymptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus and normal hearing are not likely to be at increased risk of mental impairment.