RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Most maternal deaths in Mexico occur within health facilities, often attributable to suboptimal care and lack of access to emergency services. Improving obstetric and neonatal emergency care can improve health outcomes. We evaluated the impact of PRONTO, a simulation-based low-cost obstetric and neonatal emergency and team training program on patient outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a pair-matched hospital-based trial in Mexico from 2010 to 2013 with 24 public hospitals. Obstetric and neonatal care providers participated in PRONTO trainings at intervention hospitals. Control hospitals received no intervention. Outcome measures included hospital-based neonatal mortality, maternal complications, and cesarean delivery. We fitted mixed-effects negative binomial regression models to estimate incidence rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals using a difference-in-differences approach, cumulatively, and at follow-up intervals measured at 4, 8, and 12 months. RESULTS: There was a significant estimated impact of PRONTO on the incidence of cesarean sections in intervention hospitals relative to controls adjusting for baseline differences during all 12 months cumulative of follow-up (21% decrease, P = 0.005) and in intervals measured at 4 (16% decrease, P = 0.02), 8 (20% decrease, P = 0.004), and 12 months' (20% decrease, P = 0.003) follow-up. We found no statistically significant impact of the intervention on the incidence of maternal complications. A significant impact of a 40% reduction in neonatal mortality adjusting for baseline differences was apparent at 8 months postintervention but not at 4 or 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: PRONTO reduced the incidence of cesarean delivery and may improve neonatal mortality, although the effect on the latter might not be sustainable. Further study is warranted to confirm whether obstetric and neonatal emergency simulation and team training can have lasting results on patient outcomes.
Asunto(s)
Medicina de Emergencia/educación , Neonatología/educación , Obstetricia/educación , Grupo de Atención al Paciente/normas , Entrenamiento Simulado , Adulto , Cesárea/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Humanos , Lactante , Mortalidad Infantil , Recién Nacido , Mortalidad Materna , México/epidemiología , Embarazo , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de SaludRESUMEN
Fetal occiput posterior position is associated with increased maternal and fetal morbidities. Currently, clinicians have limited evidence-based techniques or tools to remedy fetal occiput posterior position. The traditional Mexican rebozo technique of pelvic massage, sifting, or jiggling offers a potentially valuable tool to help correct fetal malposition. This article reviews the adaptation of 3 rebozo techniques that can be used in labor to encourage optimum fetal positioning; outlines hospital considerations for safety, fetal heart rate monitoring, and universal precautions; and reviews the implementation plan to introduce and sustain use of the rebozo in a large academic medical center.
Asunto(s)
Parto Obstétrico , Feto , Presentación en Trabajo de Parto , Manipulaciones Musculoesqueléticas/métodos , Complicaciones del Trabajo de Parto/terapia , Femenino , Humanos , Masaje , México , Pelvis , EmbarazoRESUMEN
Maternal and neonatal mortality in Northern Guatemala, a region with a high percentage of indigenous people, is disproportionately high. Initiatives to improve quality of care at local health facilities equipped for births, and increasing the number of births attended at these facilities will help address this problem. PRONTO (Programa de Rescate Obstétrico y Neonatal: Tratamiento Óptimo y Oportuno) is a low-tech, high-fidelity, simulation-based, provider-to-provider training in the management of obstetric and neonatal emergencies. This program has been successfully tested and implemented in Mexico. PRONTO will now be implemented in Guatemala as part of an initiative to decrease maternal and perinatal mortality. Guatemalan health authorities have requested that the training include training on cultural humility and humanized birth. This article describes the process of curricular adaptation to satisfy this request. The PRONTO team adapted the existing program through 4 steps: (a) analysis of the problem and context through a review of qualitative data and stakeholder interviews, (b) literature review and adoption of a theoretical framework regarding cultural humility and adult learning, (c) adaptation of the curriculum and design of new activities and simulations, and (d) implementation of adapted and expanded curriculum and further refinement in response to participant response.
Asunto(s)
Cultura , Educación , Urgencias Médicas , Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal/métodos , Enfermería Maternoinfantil/educación , Adulto , Educación/métodos , Educación/organización & administración , Femenino , Guatemala , Servicios de Salud del Indígena , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Enfermería Maternoinfantil/métodos , Complicaciones del Trabajo de Parto/terapia , Grupos de Población , Embarazo , Investigación Cualitativa , Mejoramiento de la CalidadRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the acceptability, feasibility, rating, and potential impact of PRONTO, a low-tech and high-fidelity simulation-based training for obstetric and neonatal emergencies and teamwork using the PartoPants low-cost birth simulator. METHODS: A pilot project was conducted from September 21, 2009, to April 9, 2010, to train interprofessional teams from 5 community hospitals in the states of Mexico and Chiapas. Module I (teamwork, neonatal resuscitation, and obstetric hemorrhage) was followed 3 months later by module II (dystocia and pre-eclampsia/eclampsia) and an evaluation. Four elements were assessed: acceptability; feasibility and rating; institutional goal achievement; teamwork improvement; and knowledge and self-efficacy. RESULTS: The program was rated highly both by trainees and by non-trainees who completed a survey and interview. Hospital goals identified by participants in the module I strategic-planning sessions were achieved for 65% of goals in 3 months. Teamwork, knowledge, and self-efficacy scores improved. CONCLUSION: PRONTO brings simulation training to low-resource settings and can empower interprofessional teams to respond more effectively within their institutional limitations to emergencies involving women and newborns. Further study is warranted to evaluate the potential impact of the program on obstetric and neonatal outcome.