RESUMEN
Osteoporosis is a metabolic disorder characterized by a loss of bone mass and structure and increasing the risk of fragility fractures, mostly among postmenopausal women. Sheep is a recognized large animal model for osteoporosis research. An experimental group of ewes (3-4 years old) was subjected to ovariectomy (OVX) and weekly glucocorticoid (GC) application for 24 weeks and compared with a sham control group. Blood and bone marrow parameters were analyzed before and 24 weeks after OVX and GC administration. Osteopenia was confirmed through micro-computed tomography and histomorphometric analysis of L4 vertebra in the study end. A statistically significant increase was observed in mean corpuscular volume, mean cell hemoglobin and monocytes and a decrease in red blood count and eosinophils (p<0.05). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, magnesium and α1-globulin increased, and creatinine, albumin, sodium and estradiol decreased (p<0.05). A slight decrease of bone formation markers (bone ALP and osteocalcin) and an increase of bone resorption markers (C-terminal telopeptides of collagen type 1 and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase) were observed, but without statistical significance. This study aims to contribute to better knowledge of sheep as a model for osteoporosis research and the consequences that a performed induction protocol may impose on organic metabolism.
Asunto(s)
Hematología , Osteoporosis , Animales , Médula Ósea , Remodelación Ósea , Preescolar , Femenino , Glucocorticoides , Humanos , Ovariectomía , Investigación , Ovinos , Microtomografía por Rayos XRESUMEN
Introdução: a produção de dados 3D tem-se revelado uma ferramenta útil na investigação e aplicação nas Ciências Forenses, contudo os avanços tecnológicos nem sempre são acompanhados pela legislação e comités de ética. Objectivo: aprofundar o tema do ponto de vista da Antropologia Forense. Metodologia: revisão bibliográfica sumária e consulta ao sistema jurídico português. Resultados: observa-se um vazio legislativo e uma ausência de normas éticas sobre a produção de dados 3D. Conclusão: é essencial que a revolução tecnológica seja acompanhada por um sistema jurídico adequado e comissões de ética estruturadas para uma evolução sustentável da Ciência.
Introduction: the 3D data production has proven to be a useful tool for Forensic Sciences, however technological advances are not always accompanied by updates of the Legislation and Ethics Committees. Objective: to develop the discussion on the subject from the point of view of Forensic Anthropology. Methodology: a summary review of the literature and consultation of the Portuguese legal system. Results: it is observable a legislative void and an absence of ethical norms about the 3D data production. Conclusion: it is essential that the technological revolution is followed by an adequate legal system and structured ethics committees for a sustainable evolution of Science.
Introducción: la producción de datos 3D ha demostrado ser una herramienta útil en la investigación y aplicación en Ciencias Forenses, sin embargo, los avances tecnológicos no siempre van acompañados de Comités de Legislación y Ética. Objetivo: profundizar el tema desde el punto de vista de la Antropología Forense. Metodología: revisión bibliográfica resumida y consulta del sistema legal portugués. Resultados: hay un vacío legislativo y una ausencia de estándares éticos con respecto a la producción de datos 3D. Conclusión: es esencial que la revolución tecnológica vaya acompañada de un sistema legal adecuado y comisiones de ética estructuradas para una evolución sostenible de la Ciencia
RESUMEN
Brazilian marine molluscs, especially Gastropoda and Bivalvia, are relatively well studied. However, information on the class Polyplacophora is more scarce, particularly on reef-dwelling forms. This study aimed to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze aspects of polyplacophorans from reef ecosystems and their associations with macroalgae on the coast of Maceió (state of Alagoas, Brazilian Northeast). The study area included five coral reefs at Ipioca, Ponta do Prego, Ponta do Meirim, Riacho Doce and Ponta Verde, as well as two sandstone reefs, located in Guaxuma and Sereia. The samples were obtained by snorkelling along the intertidal and subtidal reef zones to a depth of up to five meters during low tides, between 2009 and 2011. In addition, the chitons associated with three macroalgae of the Ponta Verde coral reef were studied based on collections made over 12 years (from the summer of 1998 to the winter of 2009). Three replicates with an area of 25 cm2 were collected from each of the following species of macroalgal phytals: Amphiroa fragilissima (Rhodophyta), Caulerpa racemosa (Chlorophyta) and Dictyota cervicornis (Phaeophyta). A total of 715 individuals (110 juveniles and 605 adults) were identified, including Acanthochitona terezae Guerra, 1983, Ischnochiton striolatus (Gray, 1828) and Ischnoplax pectinata (Sowerby II, 1840). Acanthochitona terezae was found for the first time in the area. Ischnochiton striolatus was the most abundant species in the reef ecosystem and in association with macroalgae. The greatest number of individuals of all three polyplacophorans identified (adults and juveniles) was found on the phytal A. fragilissima.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Biodiversidad , Moluscos/clasificación , Poliplacóforos/clasificación , Arrecifes de CoralRESUMEN
Brazilian marine molluscs, especially Gastropoda and Bivalvia, are relatively well studied. However, information on the class Polyplacophora is more scarce, particularly on reef-dwelling forms. This study aimed to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze aspects of polyplacophorans from reef ecosystems and their associations with macroalgae on the coast of Maceió (state of Alagoas, Brazilian Northeast). The study area included five coral reefs at Ipioca, Ponta do Prego, Ponta do Meirim, Riacho Doce and Ponta Verde, as well as two sandstone reefs, located in Guaxuma and Sereia. The samples were obtained by snorkelling along the intertidal and subtidal reef zones to a depth of up to five meters during low tides, between 2009 and 2011. In addition, the chitons associated with three macroalgae of the Ponta Verde coral reef were studied based on collections made over 12 years (from the summer of 1998 to the winter of 2009). Three replicates with an area of 25 cm2 were collected from each of the following species of macroalgal phytals: Amphiroa fragilissima (Rhodophyta), Caulerpa racemosa (Chlorophyta) and Dictyota cervicornis (Phaeophyta). A total of 715 individuals (110 juveniles and 605 adults) were identified, including Acanthochitona terezae Guerra, 1983, Ischnochiton striolatus (Gray, 1828) and Ischnoplax pectinata (Sowerby II, 1840). Acanthochitona terezae was found for the first time in the area. Ischnochiton striolatus was the most abundant species in the reef ecosystem and in association with macroalgae. The greatest number of individuals of all three polyplacophorans identified (adults and juveniles) was found on the phytal A. fragilissima.(AU)