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BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. The aim of this work was to systematically review all studies in which probiotic supplements were used during pregnancy and analyse the effects on GDM. METHODS: The data were collected using the medical subheading (MeSH) terms: ("diabetes, gestational"[MeSH Terms] OR ("diabetes"[All Fields] AND "gestational"[All Fields]) OR "gestational diabetes"[All Fields] OR ("gestational"[All Fields] AND "diabetes"[All Fields])) AND ("probiotics"[MeSH Terms] OR "probiotics"[All Fields]). The search included original articles written in English/Portuguese and published between 2012 and 2017. RESULTS: Of the 31 articles identified, seven met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. In these studies, the sample size ranged from 60 to 373 women with GDM, which was between 24 and 40 weeks of pregnancy (second and third trimesters). Results demonstrated that probiotics used during pregnancy in women with GDM may improve glycaemic control and reduce VDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and inflammatory markers. CONCLUSIONS: The present systematic review highlights the importance of probiotics for glycemic control and decrease of inflammatory markers in GDM. Further long-term studies should be conducted to elucidate this interaction.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Gestacional/terapia , Suplementos Dietéticos , Probióticos/administración & dosificación , Glucemia/metabolismo , Colesterol/sangre , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Segundo Trimestre del Embarazo , Tercer Trimestre del EmbarazoRESUMEN
The objectives of this study were to 1) compare four models for breeding value prediction using genomic or pedigree information and 2) evaluate the impact of fixed effects that account for family structure. Comparisons were made in a Nellore-Angus population comprising F2, F3 and half-siblings to embryo transfer F2 calves with records for overall temperament at weaning (TEMP; n = 769) and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF; n = 387). After quality control, there were 34,913 whole genome SNP markers remaining. Bayesian methods employed were BayesB (πÌ = 0.995 or 0.997 for WBSF or TEMP, respectively) and BayesC (π = 0 and πÌ), where πÌ is the ideal proportion of markers not included. Direct genomic values (DGV) from single trait Bayesian analyses were compared to conventional pedigree-based animal model breeding values. Numerically, BayesC procedures (using πÌ) had the highest accuracy of all models for WBSF and TEMP (ρÌgg = 0.843 and 0.923, respectively), but BayesB had the least bias (regression of performance on prediction closest to 1, ßÌy,x = 2.886 and 1.755, respectively). Accounting for family structure decreased accuracy and increased bias in prediction of DGV indicating a detrimental impact when used in these prediction methods that simultaneously fit many markers.
RESUMEN
Gestation length, birth weight, and weaning weight of F2 Nelore-Angus calves (n = 737) with designed extensive full-sibling and half-sibling relatedness were evaluated for association with 34,957 SNP markers. In analyses of birth weight, random relatedness was modeled three ways: 1) none, 2) random animal, pedigree-based relationship matrix, or 3) random animal, genomic relationship matrix. Detected birth weight-SNP associations were 1,200, 735, and 31 for those parameterizations respectively; each additional model refinement removed associations that apparently were a result of the built-in stratification by relatedness. Subsequent analyses of gestation length and weaning weight modeled genomic relatedness; there were 40 and 26 trait-marker associations detected for those traits, respectively. Birth weight associations were on BTA14 except for a single marker on BTA5. Gestation length associations included 37 SNP on BTA21, 2 on BTA27 and one on BTA3. Weaning weight associations were on BTA14 except for a single marker on BTA10. Twenty-one SNP markers on BTA14 were detected in both birth and weaning weight analyses.
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Yellow nail syndrome is a very rare clinical entity usually diagnosed from a combination of yellow dystrophic nails, lymphoedema and respiratory diseases. The aetiology is not known though dysfunctional hypoplastic lymphatics is speculated. Most cases occur sporadically but few cases may be associated with systemic diseases or may be inherited. This report documents another case in a 56-year old Caribbean female who presented with a six-year history of recurrent respiratory symptoms and later yellow dystrophic nails and lymphoedema. She responded well to vitamin E and oral fluconazole. We also did a short literature review of yellow nail syndrome.
Asunto(s)
Antifúngicos/uso terapéutico , Fluconazol/uso terapéutico , Vitamina E/uso terapéutico , Síndrome de la Uña Amarilla/diagnóstico , Síndrome de la Uña Amarilla/tratamiento farmacológico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Yellow nail syndrome is a very rare clinical entity usually diagnosed from a combination of yellow dystrophic nails, lymphoedema and respiratory diseases. The aetiology is not known though dysfunctional hypoplastic lymphatics is speculated. Most cases occur sporadically but few cases may be associated with systemic diseases or may be inherited. This report documents another case in a 56-year old Caribbean female who presented with a six-year history of recurrent respiratory symptoms and later yellow dystrophic nails and lymphoedema. She responded well to vitamin E and oral fluconazole. We also did a short literature review of yellow nail syndrome.
El síndrome de las uñas amarillas es una entidad clínica muy rara, la cual usualmente se diagnostica a partir de una combinación de uñas amarillas distróficas, linfedemas, y enfermedades respiratorias. Se desconoce la etiología, aunque se especula que se debe a vasos linfáticos hipoplásticos disfuncionales. La mayoría de los casos ocurre esporádicamente pero pocos casos pueden asociarse con las enfermedades sistémicas o pueden ser heredados. Este informe documenta el caso de una mujer caribeña de 56 años, que se presentó con antecedentes de síntomas respiratorios recurrentes y más tarde con uñas amarillas distróficas y linfedemas. Durante el tratamiento, respondió bien a la vitamina E y al fluconazol oral. El trabajo también realiza una breve revisión de la literatura del síndrome de las uñas amarillas.
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Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Antifúngicos/uso terapéutico , Fluconazol/uso terapéutico , Vitamina E/uso terapéutico , Síndrome de la Uña Amarilla/diagnóstico , Síndrome de la Uña Amarilla/tratamiento farmacológico , Diagnóstico DiferencialRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To report emerging data on the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Argentina by assessing patterns of HAART access and late vs early treatment initiation in a population-based cohort of adults infected with HIV type-1. DESIGN: The Prospective Study on the Use and Monitoring of Antiretroviral Therapy (PUMA) is a study of 883 HIV-positive individuals enrolled in the Argentinean drug treatment program. Individuals were 16 years of age and older and were recruited from 10 clinics across Argentina. METHODS: Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were examined using contingency tables (Pearson chi-square test and Fisher exact test) for categoric variables and Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables. To analyze time to initiation of HAART we used Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox regression. RESULTS: Patients who initiated HAART were more likely to be older, have an AIDS-defining illness, be an injection drug user (IDU), have a lower median CD4 cell count, have a higher median viral load, and be less likely to be men who have sex with men (MSM). In multivariate analysis, AIDS-defining illness and plasma viral load were significantly associated with time to starting therapy. Patients who received late access were more likely to be diagnosed with AIDS and have higher median plasma viral loads than those receiving early access. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that despite free availability of treatment, monitoring, and care in Argentina, a significant proportion of men and women are accessing HAART late in the course of HIV disease. Further characterization of the HIV-positive population will allow for a more comprehensive evaluation of the impact of HAART within the Argentinean drug treatment program.
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Terapia Antirretroviral Altamente Activa/estadística & datos numéricos , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Infecciones por VIH/prevención & control , VIH-1 , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Medición de Riesgo/métodos , Adulto , Argentina/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Factores SocioeconómicosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To report emerging data on the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Argentina by assessing patterns of HAART access and late vs early treatment initiation in a population-based cohort of adults infected with HIV type-1. DESIGN: The Prospective Study on the Use and Monitoring of Antiretroviral Therapy (PUMA) is a study of 883 HIV-positive individuals enrolled in the Argentinean drug treatment program. Individuals were 16 years of age and older and were recruited from 10 clinics across Argentina. METHODS: Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were examined using contingency tables (Pearson chi-square test and Fisher exact test) for categoric variables and Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables. To analyze time to initiation of HAART we used Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox regression. RESULTS: Patients who initiated HAART were more likely to be older, have an AIDS-defining illness, be an injection drug user (IDU), have a lower median CD4 cell count, have a higher median viral load, and be less likely to be men who have sex with men (MSM). In multivariate analysis, AIDS-defining illness and plasma viral load were significantly associated with time to starting therapy. Patients who received late access were more likely to be diagnosed with AIDS and have higher median plasma viral loads than those receiving early access. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that despite free availability of treatment, monitoring, and care in Argentina, a significant proportion of men and women are accessing HAART late in the course of HIV disease. Further characterization of the HIV-positive population will allow for a more comprehensive evaluation of the impact of HAART within the Argentinean drug treatment program.
RESUMEN
Bioassay (P388 lymphocytic leukemia cell line and human cancer cell lines) guided separation of an extract prepared from the leaves of Hymenaea palustris Ducké led to the isolation of six cancer cell growth inhibitory flavonoids (1-6). The structures were elucidated by HRMS and 1D and 2D NMR spectral analysis. The new flavonolignan 1 designated palstatin proved to be a methoxy structural modification of 5'-methoxyhydnocarpin-D (2). Flavones 1-4 inhibited growth of the pathogenic bacteria Enterococcus faecalis and/or Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
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Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/aislamiento & purificación , Fabaceae/química , Flavonoides/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Enterococcus faecalis/efectos de los fármacos , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/farmacología , Humanos , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Leucemia P388 , Ratones , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Conformación Molecular , Estructura Molecular , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/efectos de los fármacos , Resonancia Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Perú , Hojas de la Planta/química , Árboles/química , Células Tumorales Cultivadas/efectos de los fármacosAsunto(s)
Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Anciano , Salud del Anciano , Jamaica , Biografía , Natación/educación , Estilo de VidaRESUMEN
Traditionally, communication has been said to be a formal part of our effort in promoting health and nutrition in the region. But in what way is this reflected in our work? How do we see the role of communication? From observations, current effort is based on: *the perception that mass media channels are powerful means of influencing our audiences to accept our promotional messages, *knowledge based strategies. In recent years revoluntionary developments in communication technology, theory and practice facilitated partnership between those responsible for national health care programmes, and communication specialists with an orientation toward use of communication resources for social development. The secret of using health or nutrition communication effectively lies in find the appropriate medium, content and target audience to help to solve a specific health problem. The secret also lies in knowing how to place a health communication programme within the larger context of our national health and nutrition communication programme and services. All this must be done with limited resources and under circumstances that make healthier lifestyles the highest priority for the region in general and our country in particular. Merely providing information has been shown to be inadequate to change people's behaviour. The chronicle of failed behaviour change efforts demonstrates that new techniques are needed to supplement existing ones. Some of these techniques come from the commmerical marketing sector, which has devised a host of strategies to change human behaviour. These strategies can, for example, successfully motivate a particulr audience to buy one brand of processed food over another. Given that in health promotion our aim is also to change behaviour, some commerical communications techniques are believed to be appropriate contributions for bringing about the needed behaviour change that ensures a population's health and well-being. One approach to health and nutrition education is called social marketing. Social marketing is simply the application of generic private sector marketing to a specific class of problems. In this presentation, we show how social marketing techniques can be used effectively in the design and implementation of health promotion programmes aimed at behaviour change.(AU)