RESUMEN
This paper reviews the use of modern 3D image-based and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) methods of surface reconstruction techniques for high fidelity surveys of small rock outcrops to highlight their potential within structural geology and landscape protection. LiDAR and Structure from Motion (SfM) software provide useful opportunities for rock outcrops mapping and 3D model creation. The accuracy of these surface reconstructions is crucial for quantitative structural analysis. However, these technologies require either a costly data acquisition device (Terrestrial LiDAR) or specialized image processing software (SfM). Recent developments in augmented reality and smartphone technologies, such as increased processing capacity and higher resolution of cameras, may offer a simple and inexpensive alternative for 3D surface reconstruction. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to show the possibilities of using smartphone applications for model creation and to determine their accuracy for rock outcrop mapping.
RESUMEN
Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is currently one of the most progressively developed methods in obtaining information about objects and phenomena. This paper assesses the TLS possibilities in determining the driver's field of vision in operating agricultural and forest machines with movable and immovable components in comparison to the method of using two light point sources for the creation of shade images according to ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 5721-1. Using the TLS method represents a minimum time saving of 55% or more, according to the project complexity. The values of shading ascertained by using the shadow cast method by the point light sources are generally overestimated and more distorted for small cabin structural components. The disadvantage of the TLS method is the scanner's sensitivity to a soiled or scratched cabin windscreen and to the glass transparency impaired by heavy tinting.