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In this study, eight lindenane-type sesquiterpene dimers, including five previously undescribed sesquiterpene dimers (1-5), were isolated from the roots of Chloranthus fortunei, and their structures were elucidated using 1D/2D NMR, HRESIMS, and ECD calculations. Compound 1 presents the second example of a type of novel 8,9-seco lindenane-type sesquiterpene dimer, considered a product of 8/9-diketone oxidation. Compounds 2 and 3 represent the third and fourth examples, respectively, of this kind of C-11 methine dimer. Furthermore, compound 4 was considered as an artifact generated from the radical reaction of a known compound chlojaponilide F (6), which was explained by the density functional theory quantum calculation. All isolates were evaluated for their protective activity against the LPS-induced pulmonary epithelial cell line with compound 7 exhibiting the most potent bioactivity. Further in vitro biological evaluation demonstrated that 7 reduced the production of reactive oxygen species and interleukin-1ß, further regulated by the expression of the NLRP3. These results show that compound 7 exhibits therapeutic potential for lung inflammatory diseases.

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BACKGROUND: The overproliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) contributes to synovial hyperplasia, a pivotal pathological feature of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Shikonin (SKN), the active compound from Lithospermum erythrorhizon, exerts anti-RA effects by diverse means. However, further research is needed to confirm SKN's in vitro and in vivo anti-proliferative functions and reveal the underlying specific molecular mechanisms. PURPOSE: This study revealed SKN's anti-proliferative effects by inducing both apoptosis and autophagic cell death in RA FLS and adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rat synovium, with involvement of regulating the AMPK/mTOR/ULK-1 pathway. METHODS: SKN's influences on RA FLS were assessed for proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy with immunofluorescence staining (Ki67, LC3B, P62), EdU incorporation assay, staining assays of Hoechst, Annexin V-FITC/PI, and JC-1, transmission electron microscopy, mCherry-GFP-LC3B puncta assay, and western blot. In AIA rats, SKN's anti-arthritic effects were assessed, and its impacts on synovial proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy were studied using Ki67 immunohistochemistry, TUNEL, and western blot. The involvement of AMPK/mTOR/ULK-1 pathway was examined via western blot. RESULTS: SKN suppressed RA FLS proliferation with reduced cell viability and decreased Ki67-positive and EdU-positive cells. SKN promoted RA FLS apoptosis, as evidenced by apoptotic nuclear fragmentation, increased Annexin V-FITC/PI-stained cells, reduced mitochondrial potential, elevated Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and increased cleaved-caspase 3 and cleaved-PARP protein levels. SKN also enhanced RA FLS autophagy, featuring increased LC3B, reduced P62, autophagosome formation, and activated autophagic flux. Autophagy inhibition by 3-MA attenuated SKN's anti-proliferative roles, implying that SKN-induced autophagy contributes to cell death. In vivo, SKN mitigated the severity of rat AIA while also reducing Ki67 expression, inducing apoptosis, and enhancing autophagy within AIA rat synovium. Mechanistically, SKN modulated the AMPK/mTOR/ULK-1 pathway in RA FLS and AIA rat synovium, as shown by elevated P-AMPK and P-ULK-1 expression and decreased P-mTOR expression. This regulation was supported by the reversal of SKN's in vitro and in vivo effects upon co-administration with the AMPK inhibitor compound C. CONCLUSION: SKN exerted in vitro and in vivo anti-proliferative properties by inducing apoptosis and autophagic cell death via modulating the AMPK/mTOR/ULK-1 pathway. Our study revealed novel molecular mechanisms underlying SKN's anti-RA effects.

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In our research on naturally occurring sesquiterpenes, eight shizukaol-type dimers, one chlorahololide-type dimer, and one sarcanolide-type dimer were isolated from the roots of Chloranthus fortunei. As the project was implemented, we accidentally discovered that shizukaol-type dimers can be converted into peroxidized chlorahololide-type dimers. This potential change was discovered after simulations of the changes in corresponding shizukaols showed that three peroxide products were generated (1-3), indicating that peroxidation reactions occurred. HPLC-HR-MS analysis results obtained for the shizukaol derivatives further demonstrate that the reaction occurred, and the type of substituent of small organic ester moieties at positions C-15' and C-13' of unit B were not decisively related to the reaction. Quantum chemical calculations of the mode dimer further demonstrated this phenomenon. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy of the precursor and production revealed the advantageous yield of 4ß-hydroperoxyl production. Additionally, the potential reaction mechanism was speculated and validated using the free energy in the reaction which successfully explained the feasibility of the reaction. Finally, the anti-inflammatory activity of the precursors and products was evaluated, and the products of peroxidation showed better anti-inflammatory activity.

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As our ongoing searching for the bioactive natural terpenoids, nine ent-kauranoids (1-9), including three previously undescribed ones (1, 2, and 9), were isolated from the aerial parts of Isodon amethystoides. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data analysis, including NMR, MS, and ECD. Compounds 1 and 2 were a pair of tautomeric compounds, which was confirmed by the HPLC analysis and low temperature NMR testing. The underlying mechanism of the tautomer was proposed as an intramolecular SN2 reaction, which was explained by quantum chemical calculation. The HOMO-LUMO gap and the free energy revealed the spontaneous of the tautomeric of the 1 and 2. Additionally, the similar phenomena were also found in the two groups of known compounds 3 and 4 and 6 and 7, respectively. Apart from the tautomer, compounds 3 and 4 can be hydrolyzed into 5 through ester hydrolysis in CDCl3, while compounds 6, 7 can be hydrolyzed into 8 through ester hydrolysis. These phenomena were also confirmed through HPLC analysis and low temperature nuclear magnetic resonance tests and the mechanism was studied using quantum chemical calculation.

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Hydrogen (H2 ), the most abundant element in the universe, has the potential to address the challenges of energy security and climate change. However, due to the lack of a safe and efficient method for storing and delivering hydrogen, its practical application is still in its infancy stages. To overcome this challenge, a promising solution is demonstrated in the form of on-demand production of H2 using nano-Silicon (Si) powders. The method offers instantaneous production of H2 , yielding a volume of 1.3 L per gram of Si at room temperature. Moreover, the H2 production yield and the rate can be effectively controlled by adjusting the reaction pH value and temperatures. Additionally, liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy (LPTEM) is utilized in situ to demonstrate the entire reaction in real-time, wherein H2 bubble formation is observed and illustrated the gradual conversion of crystalline Si particles into amorphous oxides. Moreover, it is confirmed that the purity of the generated gas is 99.5% using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). These findings suggest a viable option for instant H2 production in portable fuel cells using Si cartridges or pellets.

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The rapid growth of Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things (AIoT) demands the development of ultra-low-power devices for future advanced technology. In this study, we introduce a capacitive piezotronic sensor specifically designed for tactile sensing, which enables an ultra-low-voltage operation at nearly 0 reading bias conditions with a consistent response within a wide voltage range. This sensor directly detects capacitance changes induced by piezocharges, reflecting perturbation of the effective depletion width, and ensures ultralow power capability by eliminating the necessity of turning on the Schottky diode for the first time. The dynamic response of the sensor demonstrates ultralow power capability and immunity to triboelectric interference, making it particularly suitable for tactile sensing applications in robotics, prosthetics, and wearables. This study provides valuable insights and design guidelines for future ultra-low-power thin-film-based capacitive piezotronic/piezophototronic devices for tactile sensing.

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Eleven previously unreported compounds (1-11), including five diterpenoids (1-5) and six sesquiterpenoids (6-11), together with two known diterpenoids (12-13), have been isolated from the roots of Salvia prattii. Their structures were comprehensively elucidated through spectroscopic methods, and their configurations were established using computational 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and electronic circular dichroism. Compound 1 was found to be an abietane-type diterpenoid with a novel rearrangement generated from the cleavage of the C-4/5 chemical bond, 20-methyl shift, and the rearrangement of the C-10 side chain. Compounds 2-3 were the third and fourth examples of arrangement seco-norabietanes with a spiro-lactone ring. We evaluated all compounds for their protective effects against alcoholic liver diseases (ALD). Compound 2 exhibited potential protective activity and hence can be used as a novel anti-ALD candidate.

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High C-rate capability at 10C is a key performance indicator for the commercialization of the next-generation high-charging lithium microbattery. However, silicon (Si) anode satisfying the prerequisite high specific capacity suffers from poor electron/ionic conductivity, seriously limiting the 10C rate capability. Accordingly, we propose the strategy of inserting highly conductive silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as an interlayer between two RF-sputtered amorphous Si thin films to form an Si/Ag/Si multilayered anode, with the density and spatial distribution of the AgNPs well-controlled by thermal evaporation. This strategy is exclusively beneficial to scale up film thickness for higher capacity. Without AgNPs, the 10C rate performance of the double-layer Si (D_Si) is worse than the single layer (S_Si) in the same total thickness, suggesting the adverse effect of the interface. However, this situation is progressively improved with the AgNPs density incorporated at the interface, where the densest AgNPs anode (D_SiAg3) demonstrated a noticeable improvement reaching 1250 mAh/g at 10 C with a 46% capacity retention rate. By scaling up to triple layers, T_SiAg3 performed the superior 10C rate capability to T_Si, testifying to the scalable potential of the unique design for boosting high-power batteries. Finally, with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results, a possible mechanism to explain the enhancement in rate capability is subject to where Li-ion diffusion is accelerated by the charge-induced electric field condensing around the AgNPs. This design for a multilayered nanocomposite can contribute to the design and fabrication of high-charging batteries and battery-on-chip.

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Thin film catalysts, giving a different morphology, provide a significant advantage over catalyst particles for the gas evolution reaction. Taking the advantages of sputter deposition, a high entropy alloy (HEA) thin film electrocatalyst is hereby reported for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The catalyst characteristics are investigated not only in its as-deposited state, but also during and after the OER. For comparison, unary, binary, ternary, and quaternary thin film catalysts are prepared and characterized. The surface electronic structure modification due to the addition of a metal is studied experimentally and theoretically using density functional theory calculation. It is demonstrated that sputtered FeNiMoCrAl HEA thin film exhibits OER performance superior to all the reported HEA catalysts with robust electrocatalytic activity having a low overpotential of 220 mV at 10 mA cm-2 , and excellent electrochemical stability at different constant current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm-2 for 50 h. Furthermore, the microstructure transformation is investigated during the OER, which is important for the understanding of the OER mechanism provided by HEA electrocatalyst. Such a finding will contribute to future catalyst design.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of arbutin (AR) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis pneumonia. LPS-induced mice and A549 cells were used to establish septic pneumonia model. AR significantly decreased lung wet-to-dry weight (W/D) ratio, lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and ameliorated lung histopathological changes. In addition, AR increased super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity, decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content and levels of cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1ß (IL-ß) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in mice. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that AR inhibited the JAK2/STAT3/NF-κB pathway in LPS-induced A549 cells which was further confirmed by siRNA JAK2 experiment. The experimental results indicated that the protective mechanism of AR on sepsis pneumonia might be attributed partly to the inhibition of cytokine production and JAK2/STAT3/NF-κB pathway.

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Chloranthus fortunei (family Chloranthaceae), a perennial herb, widely distributed in south China with an altitude of 170-340 m. The whole plants were used as an anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of cough, arthritis and tumor. Five previously unreported compounds fortulactones A-E were isolated from the aerial part of Chloranthus fortunei. Their structures were elucidated using 1D/2D NMR and HRESIMS and their absolute configuration were determined using the ECD excitron chirality method. All isolates were tested for inhibitory effects on the NO production of liposaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macropahges. The most potent compound 1 was further evaluated its protective activity against LPS stimulated A549 cells, the ELISA kits results showed the abnormal states of MDA and SOD were corrected to a certain extent. Meanwhile, the pro-inflammatory cytokine, such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1ß were also attenuated. In conclusion, these results showed that 1 exhibited therapeutic potential for ameliorating ALI.

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Building a strong public health system has become an urgent task in the new era. Based on more than eight years of systematic research， we believe that five aspects need to be prioritized for a strong system. First， we should change the perspective on public health， using the word “gonggong jiankang” to replace “gonggong weisheng” and the word “gonggong jiankang tixi” to replace “gonggong weisheng tixi”， to lead the public health system development. Second， we should develop a suitable public health system and continuously improve the health capacity for governance. Third， we should make it clear that the goal of building a strong system is not far-fetched， and we need to consolidate the existing institutional advantages of China’s public health system： when encountering major problems， we can maintain a unified goal and mobilize the whole society to cooperate effectively to accomplish the goal. However， we need to make up for shortcomings one by one， especially to solve the key problem of lacking a strong coordination mechanism in daily work. Fourth， we should pursue excellence and consolidate the“suitable” mechanism proven in the process of coping with the COVID-19， so that efficient mechanisms to deal with major issues can be used in routine work， and efforts should be made to consolidate the advantages of prevention and control of infectious diseases and emergency response，so as to achieve the balanced development of regions categories and units.Finally， it is necessary to strengthen the coordination of government and research institutions， in the aspects of technological innovation， talent team building and accurate consulting services， and work together to pursue a suitable and strong system to realize the modernization of the health system and capacity for governance.

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Inflammasomes are large multimolecular complexes best recognized because of their ability to control activation of caspase-1, which in turn regulates the maturation of interleukin-18 (IL-18) and interleukin-1 ß (IL-1ß). IL-1ß was originally identified as a pro-inflammatory cytokine, capable of inducing local and systemic inflammation as well as a fever response reaction in response to infection or injury. Excessive production of IL-1ß is related to inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Both coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) are characterized by excessive inflammatory response. For SARS, there is no correlation between viral load and worsening symptoms. However, there is no specific medicine which is available to treat the disease. As an important part of medical practice, TCM showed an obvious therapeutic effect in SARS-CoV-infected patients. In this article, we summarize the current applications of TCM in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Herein, we also offer an insight into the underlying mechanisms of the therapeutic effects of TCM, as well as introduce new naturally occurring compounds with anti-coronavirus activity, in order to provide a new and potential drug development strategy for the treatment of COVID-19.

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Epitaxial GeSn (epi-GeSn) shows the capability to form ferroelectric capacitors (FeCAPs) with a higher remanent polarization (Pr) than epi-Ge. With the interface engineering by a high-k AlON, the reliability of the epi-GeSn-based FeCAPs is enhanced. Using the highly reliable FeCAP in series with a resistor as the synapse and axon, a simplified neuromorphic network based on a differentiator circuit is proposed. The network not only holds the leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) function but is also capable of recognizing the spatiotemporal features, which sets it apart from other LIF neurons arising from the FeCAP-modulated leaky behavior of the potential on the axon by spiking-time-dependent plasticity. Furthermore, it is more energy efficient to operate, nondestructive to read, and simpler to fabricate by employing FeCAPs, making it eligible for emergent spiking neural network hardware accelerators.

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We demonstrate the synergistic effects of Ga doping and Mg alloying into ZnO on the large enhancement of the piezopotential and stress sensing performance of piezotronic pressure sensors made of Ga-doped MgZnO films. Piezopotential-induced pressure sensitivity was enhanced through the modulation of the Schottky barrier height. Doping with Ga (0.62 Å) of larger ionic radius and alloying with Mg (0.57 Å) of smaller ionic radius than Zn ions can synergistically affect the overall structural, optical and piezoelectric properties of the resulting thin films. The crystal quality of Ga-doped MgZnO films either improved (X Ga ≦ 0.041) or deteriorated (X Ga ≧ 0.041) depending on the Ga doping concentration. The band gap increased from 3.90 eV for pristine MgZnO to 3.93 eV at X Ga = 0.076, and the piezoelectric coefficient (d 33) improved from ∼23.25 pm V-1 to ∼33.17 pm V-1 at an optimum Ga concentration (X Ga = 0.027) by ∼2.65 times. The change in the Schottky barrier height ΔΦ b increased from -4.41 meV (MgZnO) to -4.81 meV (X Ga = 0.027) and decreased to -3.99 meV at a high Ga doping concentration (X Ga = 0.041). The stress sensitivity (0.2 kgf) enhanced from 28.50 MPa-1 for the pristine MgZnO to 31.36 MPa-1 (X Ga = 0.027) and decreased to 25.56 MPa-1 at higher Ga doping concentrations, indicating the synergistic effects of Ga doping and Mg alloying over the pressure sensing performance of Ga-doped MgZnO films.

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OBJECTIVE：To investig ate the application and trend o f tranexamic acid in the orthopedic inpatient ，and to provide reference for rational drug use. METHODS ：The consumption of tranexamic acid ，the distribution of orthopedics diseases using tranexamic acid and route of administration were analyzed in 3 sub-departments （joint surgery department ，spinal surgery department，orthopedic trauma department ）from 4 third-grade class-A hospitals of Chongqing during 2017 to 2020. RESULTS ： The total consumption of tranexamic acid used in orthopaedic department had increased year by year in the past 4 years，with increase of 6.2％-52.2％，and the consumption of tranexamic acid in various departments also increased year by year ；from 2017 to 􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂 书辅料标明情况及风险控制建议 [J].中国药师，2018，21 中华中医药杂志，2018，33（6）：2225-2229. （18）：2020-2022. [10] 孟菲，李学林.中成药说明书中规格项存在的问题与探 [ 7 ] 国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典：二部[S]. 2010年 讨[J].当代医学，2015，21（12）：14-15. 版.北京：中国医药科技出版社，2010：1014. [11] 国家食品药品监督管理局 .中成药规格表述技术指导原 [ 8 ] 孟菲，李学林.中成药说明书中功能主治项表述方法的探 则：征求意见稿 [EB/OL].（2017-10-11）[2020-12-20]. 讨[J].中医药临床杂志，2015，27（1）：111-112. https：//www.nmpa.gov.cn/xxgk/zhqyj/zhqyjyp/20171011- [ 9 ] 田硕，郭晖，苗明三.中成药说明书完善的思考及实践[J]. 151401184.html. [12] 王裴芳.我国中成药说明书中老年人用药项的调查分 Δ基金项目：重庆市科技计划项目-技术预见与制度创新项目（No. 析[J].中国药房，2015，26（29）：4055-4057. cstc2018jsyj-zdcxX0052）；重庆市社会科学规划项目（No.2019QNGL31） [13] 林志健，周伟龙，张冰，等.中成药说明书中儿童用药信息 ＊硕士研究生 。研究方向 ：社会医学 、卫生事业管理 。电话： 023-68485178。E-mail：351389583@qq.com 的修订完善思考 [J].药物流行病学杂志 ，2018，27（4）： # 通信作者：教授，硕士生导师，硕士。研究方向：医事法学、卫生 244-248. 政策、卫生事业管理。电话：023-68485178。E-mail：puchuan68@sina. （收稿日期：2021-01-07 修回日期：2021-05-26） com （编辑：罗 瑞） ·1622· China Pharmacy 2021Vol. 32 No. 13 中国药房 2021年第32卷第13期 2019，joint surgery department accounted for the largest prop ortion（59.2％ ，53.5％ ，47.2％）to use tranexamic acid ，and orthopedic trauma department accounted for the largest proportion （39.2％）in 2020. On the whole ，top 4 orthopedic diseases in the list of the consumption of tranexamic acid were joint replacement （25.5％-29.6％），hip fracture （19.3％-23.6％），diaphysis fracture （13.5％-18.6％）and pelvic and acetabular fracture （8.2％-14.0％）. The route of administration for tranexamic acid in spinal surgery department ，joint surgery department and orthopedic trauma department was mainly intravenous application every year （accounting for 55.1％-81.0％，46.9％-77.1％，49.3％-73.3％，44.9％-71.5％）. CONCLUSIONS ：The consumption of tranexamic acid in orthopedic inpatients is increased year by year ，and is dominated by joint surgery department and orthopedic trauma department. The route of tranexamic acid is still mainly intravenous administration ，which is safe and reliable.

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OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical efficacy of distal radius T-plate combined with suture anchor and distal clavicle anatomical locking plate combined with suture anchor in the treatment of Neer Ⅱb distal clavicle fracture.@*METHODS@#From June 2014 to June 2018, 42 patients with Neer Ⅱb distal clavicle fractures were retrospectively analyzed. According to different surgical methods, they were divided into the observation group (T-shaped plate combined with suture anchor) and the control group (anatomical locking plate combined with suture anchor). There were 22 patients in the observation group and 20 patients in the control group. In the observation group, there were 13 males and 9 females, aged from 22 to 70 (45.78± 14.44) years old, 12 cases on the left side and 10 cases on the right side, 8 cases of traffic accident injury and 14 cases of fall. In the control group, there were 12 males and 8 females, aged from 24 to 66 (44.17±15.58) years, 13 cases on the left side and 7 cases on the right side, 6 cases of traffic accident injuryand 14 cases of fall. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss and fracture healing time were compared between the two groups, and Constant Murley score was used to evaluate shoulder joint function.@*RESULTS@#The patients in both groups were followed up for 18 to 24 (20.96±2.02) months. The incisions of both groups were healed at stageⅠ. The fracture ends of both groups were bony healed at the last follow up. There was no significant difference in operation time, intraoperative blood loss and fracture healing time between two groups (@*CONCLUSION@#The two methods can obtain satisfactory results in the treatment of Neer Ⅱb distal clavicle fractures, especially suitable for patients with comminuted distal clavicle fractures or osteoporosis; the clinical effect of the treatment of NeerⅡb distal clavicle fractures with T type distal radius plate combined with suture anchor is satisfactory, which provides another feasible treatment scheme for clinic.

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We report on a high-brightness ultraviolet (UV) nanoscale light source. The light emission diodes are constructed with graphene/ZnO nanowire/p-GaN vertical junctions, which exhibit strong UV electroluminescence (EL) emissions centered at a wavelength of 397 nm at one end of the ZnO nanowire. Compared to the horizontal heterojunction, the vertical junction based on the ZnO nanowire increases the interface area of the heterojunction along with a high-quality interface, thus making the device robust under a large excitation current. In this structure, transparent flexible graphene is used as the top electrode, which can effectively improve performance by increasing the carrier injection area. Moreover, by analyzing the relationship between the integrated light intensity and applied bias, a superlinear dependency with a slope of 3.99 is observed, which means high electrical-to-optical conversion efficiency. Three electron-hole irradiation recombination processes are distinguished according to the EL emission spectra.

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Ferroelectric HfZrOx (Fe-HZO) with a larger remnant polarization (Pr) is achieved by using a poly-GeSn film as a channel material as compared with a poly-Ge film because of the lower thermal expansion that induces higher stress. Then two-stage interface engineering of junctionless poly-GeSn (Sn of ∼5.1%) ferroelectric thin-film transistors (Fe-TFTs) based on HZO was employed to improve the reliability characteristics. With stage I of NH3 plasma treatment on poly-GeSn and subsequent stage II of Ta2O5 interfacial layer growth, the interfacial quality between Fe-HZO and the poly-GeSn channel is greatly improved, which in turn enhances the reliability performance in terms of negligible Pr degradation up to 106 cycles (±2.7 MV/1 ms) and 96% Pr after a 10 year retention at 85 °C. Furthermore, to emulate the synapse plasticity of the human brain for neuromorphic computing, besides manifesting the capability of short-term plasticity, the devices also exhibit long-term plasticity with the characteristics of analog conductance (G) states of 80 levels (>6 bit), small linearity for potentiation and depression of -0.83 and 0.62, high symmetry, and moderate Gmax/Gmin of 9.6. By employing deep neural network, the neuromorphic system with poly-GeSn Fe-TFT synaptic devices achieves 91.4% pattern recognition accuracy. In addition, the learning algorithm of spike-timing-dependent plasticity based on spiking neural network is demonstrated as well. The results are promising for on-chip training, making it possible to implement neuromorphic computing by monolithic 3D ICs based on poly-GeSn Fe-TFTs.

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The outbreak of COVID-19 has exposed many shortcomings in disease control and prevention system (DCPS) of China. Resolving the problems and strengthening the DCPS became the top priority in China’s public policy agenda. This paper revealed the problems of the system regarding policy-making, regulations, operation mechanism and staff, and proposed several strategies from three aspects of legal construction, management system, and operation mechanism, including: 'Prevention first' should be incorporated into the national legal system, all the departments should be engaged in 'Healthy China 2030' initiative, laws and regulations should be amended, new disease prevention and control management institutions should be set up, a high-quality professional team should be retained, the regional health information exchange channels should be strengthened, the coordinated mechanism for disease prevention and control should be normalized, the long-term investment mechanism should be established, and the equipment renewal and reserve system should be improved.