RESUMEN

The mating pattern and female fertility on the two main mitochondrial DNA haplotypes (I and II) of Drosophila subobscura were studied, in an attempt to find possible differences between them in relation to sexual selection or isolation that could explain the populational dynamics and the co-existence of these two strains in nature. The mating pattern indicated an assortative mating in population cages, where couples of the same haplotype, mainly those of haplotype I, mated more often. However, the significations detected in laboratory conditions disappeared in wild populations, where random mating was the rule. The female fertility also showed differences in the laboratory compared to the wild, since couples with haplotype I males were more efficient in the laboratory populations. These results, together with others that we previously obtained, either point to selection acting directly on the mtDNA or to the presence of some kind of cytonuclear co-adaptation in these two haplotypes, although this must be modulated by other factors that change with the seasons and time. The end result could well be a balance of opposite forces acting on both haplotypes.

Asunto(s)

Drosophila/genética , Drosophila/fisiología , Selección Genética , Conducta Sexual Animal/fisiología , Animales , ADN Mitocondrial/genética , Femenino , Fertilidad/fisiología , Haplotipos/genética , Masculino , Dinámica Poblacional , España

RESUMEN

The standard measurement situation for color involves a specimen which is flat, uniform in color, and thin. For measurements of colors of many food products, instruments which give reliable and reproducible results when applied to the flat, uniform and thin traditional specimens are unreliable. This is because specimens of foodstuffs come in a variety of shapes, sizes and translucencies. The unreliability of instrument measurements can be shown to be related to instrument differences in geometry and to: (a) specimen nonflatness; (b) specimen variability in pattern, particle size, shape, compression, and/or humidity; and (c) specimen translucency.