RESUMEN
The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) plus moral norms, anticipated regret, past behaviour, self-identity and perceived susceptibility was applied to predicting motorcyclists' intention to ride above the speed limit and ride at inappropriate speeds. Past behaviour, control beliefs, attitudes, moral norm, normative beliefs, age and self-identity explained 60% of the variance in motorcyclists' intention to exceed the speed limit on motorways (N=1381). A total of 62% of the variance in motorcyclists' intention to really go for it on rural roads was accounted for, with past behaviour, attitudes, control beliefs, age, normative beliefs, anticipated regret, self-identity, behavioural beliefs and training status being significant (N=1116). Finally, attitudes, past behaviour, control beliefs, moral norm, anticipated regret, behavioural beliefs, normative beliefs, engine size and self-identity explained 57% of the variance in motorcyclists' intention to ride faster than felt safe in order to keep up with the group (N=1940). The belief-based measures also successfully differentiated between those who intended to speed and those who did not. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Conducción de Automóvil/psicología , Conducta Peligrosa , Intención , Motocicletas , Asunción de Riesgos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Actitud Frente a la Salud , Estudios Transversales , Cultura , Femenino , Humanos , Control Interno-Externo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Teoría Psicológica , Análisis de Regresión , Identificación Social , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Reino Unido , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
This driving simulator study investigated how mandatory and voluntary ISA might affect a driver's overtaking decisions on rural roads, by presenting drivers with a variety of overtaking scenarios designed to evaluate both the frequency and safety of the manoeuvres. In half the overtaking scenarios, ISA was active and in the remainder ISA was switched off. A rural road was modelled with a number of 2+1 road sections, thus allowing drivers a protected overtaking opportunity. The results indicate that drivers became less inclined to initiate an overtaking manoeuvre when the mandatory ISA was active and this was particularly so when the overtaking opportunity was short. In addition to this, when ISA was activated drivers were more likely to have to abandon an overtaking, presumably due to running out of road. They also spent more time in the critical hatched area-a potentially unsafe behaviour. The quality of the overtaking manoeuvre was also affected when mandatory ISA was active, with drivers pulling out and cutting back in more sharply. In contrast, when driving with a voluntary ISA, overtaking behaviour remained mostly unchanged: drivers disengaged the function in approximately 70% of overtaking scenarios. The results of this study suggest that mandatory ISA could affect the safety of overtaking manoeuvres unless coupled with an adaptation period or other driver support functions that support safe overtaking.
Asunto(s)
Prevención de Accidentes/instrumentación , Accidentes de Tránsito/prevención & control , Inteligencia Artificial , Conducción de Automóvil/psicología , Automóviles , Aceleración , Adulto , Análisis de Varianza , Conducción de Automóvil/legislación & jurisprudencia , Conducta de Elección , Simulación por Computador , Femenino , Humanos , Aplicación de la Ley/métodos , Modelos Lineales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Seguridad , Reino UnidoRESUMEN
The Theory of Planned Behaviour model (Ajzen, 1985) was used to determine whether long-term experience with Intelligent Speed Adaption (ISA) prompts a change in speed related cognitions. The study examines data collected as part of a project examining driver behaviour with an intervening but overridable ISA system. Data was collected in four six-month field trials. The trials followed an A-B-A design (28 days driving with no ISA, 112 days driving with ISA, 28 days driving without ISA) to monitor changes in speeding behaviour as a result of the ISA system and any carry-over effect of the system. Findings suggested that following experience with the system, drivers' intention to speed significantly weakened, beyond the removal of ISA support. Drivers were also less likely to believe that exceeding the speed would 'get them to their destination more quickly' and less likely to believe that 'being in a hurry' would facilitate speeding. However, the positive change in intentions and beliefs failed to translate into behaviour. Experience with the ISA system significantly reduced the percentage of distance travelled whilst exceeding the speed limit but this effect was not evident when the ISA support was removed.
Asunto(s)
Prevención de Accidentes/instrumentación , Accidentes de Tránsito/prevención & control , Inteligencia Artificial , Actitud , Conducción de Automóvil/psicología , Automóviles , Aplicación de la Ley/métodos , Aceleración , Adulto , Conducción de Automóvil/legislación & jurisprudencia , Cognición , Femenino , Humanos , Intención , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Teoría Psicológica , AutoinformeRESUMEN
Given the burden of injury, economic, environmental and social consequences associated with speeding, reducing road traffic speed remains a major priority. Intelligent speed adaptation (ISA) is a promising but controversial new in-vehicle system that provides drivers with support on the speed-control task. In order to model potential system uptake, this paper explores drivers' preferences for two different types of ISA given a number of alternative fiscal incentives and non-fiscal measures, using a stated preference approach. As would be expected with such a contentious issue, the analysis revealed the presence of significant variations in sensitivities and preferences in the sample. While a non-negligible part of the sample population has such strong opposition to ISA that no reasonable discounts or incentives would lead to them buying or accepting such a system, there is also a large part of the population that, if given the right incentives, would be willing or even keen to equip their vehicle with an ISA device.
Asunto(s)
Prevención de Accidentes/instrumentación , Accidentes de Tránsito/prevención & control , Inteligencia Artificial , Conducción de Automóvil/psicología , Automóviles , Aplicación de la Ley/métodos , Motivación , Aceleración , Prevención de Accidentes/economía , Adulto , Actitud , Conducción de Automóvil/legislación & jurisprudencia , Automóviles/economía , Conducta de Elección , Comportamiento del Consumidor , Femenino , Humanos , Seguro/economía , Entrevistas como Asunto , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Modelos Teóricos , Impuestos , Reino UnidoRESUMEN
This paper investigates the impact of prolonged experience with an Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA) system on driver behaviour. ISA refers to a driver support system which brings speed limit information into the vehicle. Drivers' interaction with the ISA system was explored by means of data collected from long-term field trials carried out in the UK and Sweden. Results indicated that participants' overriding behaviour increased in line with system exposure. However, there was no strong evidence supporting a generalised turning point of behavioural changes (e.g. 3000km, 4000km, or 5000km accumulated experience) at which the upward trend plateaued. Driver characteristics were found to be influential on the pattern of overriding the ISA system with respect to subjective measures (intention to speed) as well as objective measures (observed speeding behaviour). Driving environment also demonstrated an impact on participants' overriding behaviour. Implications for driver behavioural changes in the presence of a generic ADAS are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Aceleración , Conducción de Automóvil , Conducta , Sistemas Hombre-Máquina , Accidentes de Tránsito/prevención & control , Humanos , Intención , Proyectos de Investigación , Suecia , Reino UnidoRESUMEN
In two studies the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) including moral norms, anticipated regret and past behaviour was applied to predicting intention to exceed the posted speed limit across different roads and objectively assessed speeding behaviour. All measures except behaviour were taken by self-report questionnaires referring to different driving scenarios. The behaviour measures were based on performance in a simulator (Study 1) or unobtrusive on-road speed camera assessment taken without driver awareness (Study 2) across roads with varying posted speed limits. Results are reported averaged across road types in both studies. In Study 1 (N=83), 82% of the variance in intentions to speed was explained, with attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control (PBC), moral norms, anticipated regret and past behaviour being significant predictors. A total of 35% of the variance in speed as assessed on a driving simulator was accounted for with intentions, PBC, moral norms and previous accidents being significant predictors. In Study 2 (N=303), 76% of the variance in intentions to speed was explained with attitudes, moral norms, anticipated regret and past behaviour being significant predictors. A total of 17% of the variance in speed as assessed on-road was accounted for with intentions and moral norms being significant. Practical implications of the findings for road safety are discussed.