Asunto(s)
Clorhidrato de Fingolimod/uso terapéutico , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéutico , Melanoma/diagnóstico , Esclerosis Múltiple/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/diagnóstico , Dorso , Femenino , Humanos , Factores Inmunológicos/uso terapéutico , Melanoma/inmunología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Natalizumab/uso terapéutico , Factores de Riesgo , Neoplasias Cutáneas/inmunologíaAsunto(s)
Neurología , Adulto , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapéutico , Antiparkinsonianos/uso terapéutico , Traumatismos del Nacimiento , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Demencia/clasificación , Demencia/etiología , Demencia/terapia , Enfermedades en Gemelos , Epilepsia/diagnóstico , Epilepsia/tratamiento farmacológico , Epilepsia/cirugía , Femenino , Cefalea/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Esclerosis Múltiple/clasificación , Esclerosis Múltiple/tratamiento farmacológico , Esclerosis Múltiple/terapia , Neuromielitis Óptica/diagnóstico , Enfermedad de Parkinson/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad de Parkinson/etiología , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/clasificación , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/diagnóstico , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/terapia , Temblor/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Vasculares/terapiaRESUMEN
Disconnection syndromes are often conceptualized exclusively within cognitive box-and-arrow diagrams unrelated to brain anatomy. In a patient with alexia in his left visual field resulting from a posterior callosal lesion, we illustrate how diffusion tensor imaging can reveal the anatomical bases of a disconnection syndrome by tracking the degeneration of neural pathways and relating it to impaired fMRI activations and behavior. Compared to controls, an abnormal pattern of brain activity was observed in the patient during word reading, with a lack of activation of the left visual word form area (VWFA) by left hemifield words. Statistical analyses of diffusion images revealed a damaged fiber tract linking the left ventral occipito-temporal region to its right homolog across the lesioned area of corpus callosum and stopping close to the areas found active in fMRI. The behavioral disconnection syndrome could, thus, be related functionally to abnormal fMRI activations and anatomically to the absence of a connection between those activations. The present approach, based on the "negative tracking" of degenerated bundles, provides new perspectives on the understanding of human brain connections and disconnections.
Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/patología , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Dislexia/diagnóstico , Dislexia/fisiopatología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Adulto , Anisotropía , Mapeo Encefálico , Dominancia Cerebral , Dislexia/psicología , Humanos , Masculino , Vías Nerviosas/fisiopatología , Lectura , Conducta VerbalAsunto(s)
Alucinaciones/diagnóstico , Puente/patología , Núcleos Talámicos Posteriores/patología , Anciano , Enfermedades de los Ganglios Basales/diagnóstico , Isquemia Encefálica/patología , Circulación Cerebrovascular/fisiología , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Puente/irrigación sanguínea , Puente/metabolismo , Núcleos Talámicos Posteriores/irrigación sanguínea , Núcleos Talámicos Posteriores/metabolismo , Serotonina/metabolismoRESUMEN
We report the case of a patient (ATH) who suffered from aphasia, deep dyslexia, and acalculia, following a lesion in her left perisylvian area. She showed a severe impairment in all tasks involving numbers in a verbal format, such as reading aloud, writing to dictation, or responding verbally to questions of numerical knowledge. In contrast, her ability to manipulate non-verbal representations of numbers, i.e., Arabic numerals and quantities, was comparatively well preserved, as evidenced for instance in number comparison or number bisection tasks. This dissociated impairment of verbal and non-verbal numerical abilities entailed a differential impairment of the four arithmetic operations. ATH performed much better with subtraction and addition, that can be solved on the basis of quantity manipulation, than with multiplication and division problems, that are commonly solved by retrieving stored verbal sequences. The brain lesion affected the classical language areas, but spared a subset of the left inferior parietal lobule that was active during calculation tasks, as demonstrated with functional MRI. Finally, the relative preservation of subtraction versus multiplication may be related to the fact that subtraction activated the intact right parietal lobe, while multiplication activated predominantly left-sided areas.
Asunto(s)
Infarto Cerebral/complicaciones , Trastornos del Conocimiento/diagnóstico , Trastornos del Lenguaje/diagnóstico , Lóbulo Parietal/fisiopatología , Afasia/etiología , Mapeo Encefálico , Infarto Cerebral/fisiopatología , Trastornos del Conocimiento/etiología , Trastornos del Conocimiento/fisiopatología , Dislexia Adquirida/etiología , Femenino , Humanos , Trastornos del Lenguaje/etiología , Trastornos del Lenguaje/fisiopatología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Matemática , Procesos Mentales , Persona de Mediana Edad , Lóbulo Parietal/patologíaRESUMEN
We measured cerebral activation with functional magnetic resonance imaging at 3 Tesla while eight healthy volunteers performed various number processing tasks known to be dissociable in brain-lesioned patients: naming, comparing, multiplying, or subtracting single digits. The results revealed the activation of a circuit comprising bilateral intraparietal, prefrontal, and anterior cingulate components. The extension and lateralization of this circuit was modulated by task demands. The intraparietal and prefrontal activation was more important in the right hemisphere during the comparison task and in the left hemisphere during the multiplication task and was intensely bilateral during the subtraction task. Thus, partially distinct cerebral circuits with the dorsal parietal pathway underlie distinct arithmetic operations.