RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Influenza epidemics are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in older adults; thus, vaccination is recommended. However, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic could affect influenza vaccination. METHODS: The influenza vaccination rate was estimated from the Korea Community Health Survey data from 2011 to 2021 using Joinpoint regression. We used multiple logistic regression analysis from each two flu seasons data before (2017-18 and 2018-19 seasons) and during (2019-20 and 2020-21 seasons) the COVID-19 pandemic to identify older adults who were not been vaccinated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, we stratified changes in influenza vaccination according to the flu season, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and health status. RESULTS: The annual percentage change in influenza non-vaccination rate from 2010-11 to 2018-19 seasons and from 2019-20 to 2020-21 seasons was -8.31% (confidence interval (CI), -9.60 to -7.00) and 11.41% (CI, -3.22 to 28.25), respectively. Compared to before COVID-19, in the 2019-20 and 2020-21 seasons, the odds ratio (OR) of non-vaccination was 0.87 (CI, 0.83-0.91) and 1.18 (95% CI, 1.13-1.24), respectively. The decrease in influenza vaccination among older individuals with higher education (OR, 1.24; CI, 1.11-1.39) was greater than that among those with lower education (OR, 1.09; CI, 0.98-1.22). Older individuals with the lowest income level or poor self-rated health showed reduced influenza vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: We estimated the trends of influenza vaccination and identified subgroups with decreased vaccination rates during the COVID-19 pandemic among older adults in South Korea. Health policy decision-makers, practitioners, and researchers should consider the implications of COVID-19 on changes in influenza vaccination, particularly for older individuals at risk of influenza.

Asunto(s)

COVID-19 , Vacunas contra la Influenza , Gripe Humana , Humanos , Anciano , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/prevención & control , Pandemias , Gripe Humana/epidemiología , Gripe Humana/prevención & control , Vacunación , República de Corea/epidemiología , Estaciones del Año

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In an aging society, maintaining healthy aging, preventing death, and enabling a continuation of economic activities are crucial. This study sought to develop a model for predicting survival times among community-dwelling older individuals using a deep learning method, and to identify the level of influence of various risk factors on the survival period, so that older individuals can manage their own health. This study used the Korean National Health Insurance Service claims data. We observed community-dwelling older people, aged 66 years, for 11 years and developed a survival time prediction model. Of the 189,697 individuals enrolled at baseline, 180,235 (95.0%) survived from 2009 to 2019, while 9462 (5.0%) died. Using deep-learning-based models (C statistics = 0.7011), we identified various factors impacting survival: Charlson's comorbidity index; the frailty index; long-term care benefit grade; disability grade; income level; a combination of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia; sex; smoking status; and alcohol consumption habits. In particular, Charlson's comorbidity index (SHAP value: 0.0445) and frailty index (SHAP value: 0.0443) were strong predictors of survival time. Prediction models may help researchers to identify potentially modifiable risk factors that may affect survival.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Neighborhood environmental factors along with individual factors are beginning to make a mark as factors which influence individual health outcomes. The goal of this study is to look at the combined impact of individual and neighborhood socioeconomic status on all-cause mortality in diabetic patients who have just been diagnosed. METHODS: The Korean National Health Insurance (2002-2013) was employed in this cohort research, which used a stratified random sample. During the years 2003-2006, a total of 15,882 individuals who were newly diagnosed with diabetes and using oral disease-controlling medication were included in the study. Individual income and neighborhood deprivation index were used to examine the combined effect on all-cause mortality. The frailty model was performed using Cox's proportional hazard regression. RESULTS: During the study period, 28.3 percent (n = 4493) of the 15,882 eligible individuals died. In a Cox regression analysis after adjusting for all covariates, with advantaged and disadvantaged neighborhoods classified according to individual household income, the adjusted HR for patients living in a disadvantaged area was higher compared to patients living in an advantaged area in patients with middle income, compared to the reference group (a high income within an advantaged neighborhood) (HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.09-1.35; HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.02-1.25, respectively). The adjusted HR for patients with low income who lived in a disadvantaged location was greater than for patients who lived in an advantaged area (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.18-1.53 vs. HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.14-1.49). CONCLUSIONS: Individual SES has a greater impact on all-cause mortality among diabetic patients when they live in a low-income neighborhood.

Asunto(s)

Diabetes Mellitus , Características de la Residencia , Estudios de Cohortes , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiología , Humanos , República de Corea/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Clase Social , Factores Socioeconómicos

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We report the complete 8.94-Mb genome sequence of the type strain of Cupriavidus basilensis (DSM 11853T = CCUG 49340T = RK1T), formed by two chromosomes and six putative plasmids, which offers insights into its chloroaromatic-biodegrading capabilities.

RESUMEN

Ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are diseases with golden hour. This study aimed to identify and compare factors that affect in-hospital mortality in patients with stroke and AMI who admitted via the emergency department.This study used the Korean National Health Insurance claims data from 2002 to 2013. The study sample included 7693 patients who had an ischemic stroke, 2828 patients who had a hemorrhagic stroke, and 4916 patients with AMI who were admitted via the emergency departments of a superior general hospital and general hospital, did not transfer to another hospital or come from another hospital, and were aged ≥20 years. This study was analyzed by using Cox's proportional hazards frailty model.Five hundred (6.5%) of 7693 patients with ischemic stroke, 569 (20.1%) of 2828 patients with hemorrhagic stroke, and 399 (8.1%) of 4916 patients with AMI were dead. The clinical factors were associated with in-hospital mortality such as age, CCI, hypertension, and diabetes of patient characteristics. In treatment characteristics, performing PCI and weekday admission was associated with in-hospital mortality (aHR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.27-0.67; aHR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.14-1.77, respectively). In hospital characteristics, the volume, the proportion of transferred patient to other hospital and ratio of beds per one nurse was associated with in-hospital mortality.Clinical factors of patient characteristics, intervention such as performing PCI and reducing ICP of treatment characteristics, and the volume, transferred rate, and the number of nurse of hospital characteristics were associated with in-hospital mortality.

Asunto(s)

Isquemia Encefálica/mortalidad , Mortalidad Hospitalaria/tendencias , Hemorragias Intracraneales/mortalidad , Infarto del Miocardio/mortalidad , Calidad de la Atención de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/mortalidad , Enfermedad Aguda , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital , Femenino , Hospitalización , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infarto del Miocardio/epidemiología , Transferencia de Pacientes , Intervención Coronaria Percutánea/métodos , Calidad de la Atención de Salud/tendencias , República de Corea/epidemiología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/epidemiología

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Members of the genus Nocardia are widespread in diverse environments; a wide range of Nocardia species are known to cause nocardiosis in several animals, including cat, dog, fish, and humans. Of the pathogenic Nocardia species, N. seriolae is known to cause disease in cultured fish, resulting in major economic loss. We isolated two N. seriolae strains, CK-14008 and EM15050, from diseased fish and sequenced their genomes using the PacBio sequencing platform. To identify their genomic features, we compared their genomes with those of other Nocardia species. Phylogenetic analysis showed that N. seriolae shares a common ancestor with a putative human pathogenic Nocardia species. Moreover, N. seriolae strains were phylogenetically divided into four clusters according to host fish families. Through genome comparison, we observed that the putative pathogenic Nocardia strains had additional genes for iron acquisition. Dozens of antibiotic resistance genes were detected in the genomes of N. seriolae strains; most of the antibiotics were involved in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of proteins or cell walls. Our results demonstrated the virulence features and antibiotic resistance of fish pathogenic N. seriolae strains at the genomic level. These results may be useful to develop strategies for the prevention of fish nocardiosis.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades de los Peces/microbiología , Genoma Bacteriano , Nocardiosis/veterinaria , Nocardia/genética , Nocardia/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Análisis por Conglomerados , Biología Computacional , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Genes Bacterianos , Hierro/metabolismo , Nocardiosis/microbiología , Filogenia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Factores de Virulencia/metabolismo

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: To investigate relationships among neonatal hypothyroidism, family income, and intellectual disability, as well as the combined effects of neonatal hypothyroidism and low family income on intellectual disability. METHODS: Data were extracted from the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort from 2002 to 2011. This retrospective study included 91,247 infants. The presence of intellectual disability was based on the disability evaluation system in Korea. Newborn hypothyroidism was identified from diagnosis and prescription codes. Family income was determined from average monthly insurance premiums. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios. RESULTS: Of the 91,247 infants, 208 were considered to have intellectual disability (29.18 cases per 100,000 person-year). The risk of intellectual disability was higher in infants with hypothyroidism than in those without hypothyroidism (hazard ratio = 5.28, P: < .0001). The risk of intellectual disability was higher in infants with low family income than in those with high family income (hazard ratio = 2.32, P: < .0001). The risk of intellectual disability was higher in infants with hypothyroidism and low family income than in those without hypothyroidism and with high family income (hazard ratio = 36.05, P: < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: Neonatal hypothyroidism and low family income were associated with the risk of intellectual disability in Korea. Additionally, neonatal hypothyroidism and low family income significantly increased the risk of intellectual disability. Public health policymakers should consider providing additional resources for alleviating neonatal hypothyroidism among low-income families.

Asunto(s)

Hipotiroidismo/complicaciones , Renta , Discapacidad Intelectual/complicaciones , Discapacidad Intelectual/economía , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Recién Nacido , Discapacidad Intelectual/epidemiología , Masculino , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Factores de Riesgo

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: To assess whether the type of primary caregiver is a risk factor of the incidence of fracture among older adults who have survived a stroke. METHODS: Data from 4282 stroke survivors in the National Health Insurance Service-Senior Cohort (2002-2013) were used in this study. We categorized type of primary caregiver as none, spouse/family caregiver, and formal caregiver. The incidence of fracture within the year postdischarge was used as the outcome variable. These data were subjected to a survival analysis using the Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS: Of the 4282 stroke survivors, 308 (7.2%) experienced a fracture during the 1-year follow-up period. According to type of primary caregiver, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of fracture was lower among those whose caregiver was a spouse (HR = .68, 95% confidence interval [CI], .48-.96] and those with a formal caregiver (HR = .59, 95% CI, .36-.97) compared to stroke survivors with no caregiver. In particular, those with a family or formal caregiver who were being cared for in nursing facilities were less likely to be associated with fracture than those with no caregiver. CONCLUSIONS: The adjusted HR of fracture among stroke survivors was lower among those with primary caregivers compared to those without them. Thus, the government should monitor and allocate the appropriate attention to stroke survivors after discharge in order to ensure that they obtain the needed health care, especially for stroke survivors who are without a primary caregiver.

Asunto(s)

Cuidadores , Fracturas Óseas/epidemiología , Personal de Salud , Esposos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/terapia , Sobrevivientes , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Bases de Datos Factuales , Femenino , Fracturas Óseas/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Incidencia , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Alta del Paciente , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , República de Corea/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Instituciones de Cuidados Especializados de Enfermería , Accidente Cerebrovascular/diagnóstico , Accidente Cerebrovascular/epidemiología , Factores de Tiempo

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Korea's rapidly aging population has led to a rise in the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis (which reached upwards of 21.3% in 2017) in elderly people aged 65 years and over. Most patients with knee osteoarthritis require ongoing management in the community or through primary care. Continuity of care is a desirable attribute of primary care. However, previous studies on the association between continuity of care and health outcomes have focused on specific disease populations, particularly diabetes mellitus and hypertension. The objectives of this study were to determine whether there is an association between continuity of care for outpatients with knee osteoarthritis and health outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a cohort study using claims data from 2014. The study population included 131,566 patients. We measured hospital admission and medical costs during the final 3 months and the continuity of care by Most Frequent Provider Continuity (MFPC), Modified Modified Continuity Index (MMCI), and Continuity of Care (COC) index in the 9 preceding months, using multiple logistic regression analyses to determine which index best explains continuity. We evaluated the relationship between COC and hospital admissions, using negative binomial regression analysis due to over-dispersion. Finally, multiple regressions were used to examine the relationship between the COC and medical costs. RESULTS: We selected the COC index to determine the association between hospital admission and cost; the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the COC was the largest (0.904), while those for the MFPC (0.894) and MMCI (0.893) were similar. The negative binomial regression analysis showed that continuity of care was significantly related to hospitalization, with the relative risk (RR) of hospital admission being low for patients with high continuity of care [RR = 27.17 for those with the reference group COC (0.76-1.00); 95% CI, 3.09-3.51]. Continuity of care was significantly related to medical costs after considering other covariates. A higher COC index was associated with a lower cost. CONCLUSIONS: Higher continuity of care for knee osteoarthritis patients might decrease hospital admission and medical costs.

Asunto(s)

Continuidad de la Atención al Paciente , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla/terapia , Adulto , Anciano , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Investigación sobre Servicios de Salud , Hospitalización/economía , Humanos , Revisión de Utilización de Seguros , Seguro de Salud , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Atención Primaria de Salud/organización & administración , República de Corea , Riesgo

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Both inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long-acting ?-agonists (LABA) have been recommended for the treatment of severe/moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but mild COPD has not been frequently studied. METHODS: We performed a prospective cohort study to compare the effect of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and ICS/long-acting ?-agonist (LABA) in a single inhaler on all-cause mortality and adverse events, such as pneumonia and fracture, in patients with newly diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We used representative nationwide cohort data from the Korean National Health Insurance claims database (2002-2013). Patients who were at least 40-years-old, newly diagnosed with COPD, and prescribed ICS or ICS/LABA in a single inhaler (N = 1995). To analyze the data, we utilized a Cox's proportional hazard regression. RESULTS: Among the total of 1995 patients, 807 had severe COPD (FEV1 < 50%) and 1188 had mild/moderate COPD (FEV1 ? 50%). The cumulative incidence and 5-year cumulative incidence of all-cause mortality was 59.5% and 29.6% for ICS users, and 35.8% and 20.2% for single inhaler ICS/LABA users, respectively. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of all-cause mortality for new ICS/LABA users, compared with that in new ICS users, was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.62-0.95) for the total population. For the severe and non-severe COPD groups, the adjusted HRs of all-cause mortality for new ICS/LABA users were 1.07 (95% CI: 0.65-1.76) and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.55-0.89), respectively. There was no difference in the risk for the first hospitalization due to pneumonia between new ICS and ICS/LABA users among the total population (HR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.79-1.34). The adjusted HR of the first hospitalization for fractures in new ICS/LABA users, compared with that in new ICS users, was 0.60 (95% CI: 0.39-0.92) for the total population. CONCLUSIONS: Among newly diagnosed COPD patients and new users of ICS or ICS/LABA, use of ICS/LABA in a single inhaler was associated with lowered risk of all-cause mortality and delayed first hospitalization for fracture, as compared with use of ICS alone. However, there was no significant difference in terms of first hospitalization for pneumonia.

Asunto(s)

Corticoesteroides/uso terapéutico , Agonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 2/uso terapéutico , Fracturas Óseas/inducido químicamente , Nebulizadores y Vaporizadores/tendencias , Neumonía/inducido químicamente , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Administración por Inhalación , Corticoesteroides/administración & dosificación , Corticoesteroides/efectos adversos , Agonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 2/administración & dosificación , Agonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 2/efectos adversos , Adulto , Anciano , Quimioterapia Combinada , Femenino , Volumen Espiratorio Forzado/efectos de los fármacos , Fracturas Óseas/complicaciones , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mortalidad/tendencias , Nebulizadores y Vaporizadores/estadística & datos numéricos , Evaluación de Resultado en la Atención de Salud , Neumonía/complicaciones , Estudios Prospectivos , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/complicaciones , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/mortalidad , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/fisiopatología , República de Corea/epidemiología , Pruebas de Función Respiratoria/métodos

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have examined associations between sitting time and negative health outcomes and mental health. However, the relationship between overall sitting time and major depressive disorder (MDD) in South Korea has not been studied. This study examined the association between MDD and overall sitting time and physical activity in South Koreans. METHODS: Data from the sixth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey, were analyzed. Total participants were 4145 in 2014. MDD was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Participants' data regarding self-reported sitting time and physical activity were analyzed via multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Results showed that people who sat for 8-10 h (OR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.15-2.11) or more than 10 h (OR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.23-2.39) had increased risk of MDD compared to those who sat for less than 5 h a day. Subgroup analysis showed that the strongest effect of reported sitting time on risk of MDD was found in men with lower levels of physical activity who sat for 8 to 10 h (OR: 3.04, 95% CI: 1.15-8.01) or more than 10 h (OR: 3.43, 95% CI: 1.26-9.35). Level of physical activity was not an independent predictor for MDD. CONCLUSIONS: Sitting for long periods was associated with greater risk of MDD in South Korean adults. Reducing sitting time in people with MDD could help to prevent associated physical health problems and may improve mental health.

Asunto(s)

Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/fisiopatología , Ejercicio Físico/psicología , Postura , Factores de Tiempo , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Encuestas Nutricionales , República de Corea , Conducta Sedentaria , Autoinforme

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: There is an urgent need to reduce readmission of patients with pneumonia and improve quality of care. To assess the association between hospital resources and quality of care, we examined the effect of number of doctors per bed on 30-day readmission and investigated the combined effect of number of doctors per bed and number of beds. METHODS: We used nationwide cohort sample data of health insurance claims by the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) from 2002 to 2013. Pneumonia admissions to acute care hospitals among 7446 inpatients older than 65 were examined. We conducted a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model to analyze the association between the number of doctors per bed and 30-day readmission, as well as that of pneumonia-specific 30-day readmission with the combined effects of number of doctors per bed and number of beds. RESULTS: Overall, 1421 (19.1%) patients were readmitted within 30 days and 756 (11.2%) patients were readmitted for pneumonia within 30 days. Patients with pneumonia treated by very low or low number of doctors per bed showed higher readmission (pneumonia-specific readmission: hazard ratio [HR] = 1. 406, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.072-1.843 for low number of doctors per bed; all-cause readmissions: HR = 1.276, 95% CI = 1.026-1.587 for very low number of doctors per bed, and HR = 1.280, 95% CI = 1.064-1.540 for low number of doctors per bed). CONCLUSIONS: This empirical study showed that patients with pneumonia cared for in hospitals with more doctors were less likely to be readmitted. Pneumonia-specific 30-day readmission was also significantly associated with the combined effect of the number of doctors and the number of hospital beds.

Asunto(s)

Cuerpo Médico de Hospitales/provisión & distribución , Readmisión del Paciente/estadística & datos numéricos , Neumonía , Anciano , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Hospitales , Humanos , Masculino , Programas Nacionales de Salud , Neumonía/terapia , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Mejoramiento de la Calidad , República de Corea

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether type of long-term care service is a risk factor of the incidence of pressure ulcers among older adults with dementia who are receiving long-term care insurance (LTCI). METHODS: Data from LTCI beneficiaries (benefit level 1 or 2) with dementia, aged 60 and older (n = 7841), in the Korean Elderly Cohort data set from 2008 to 2013 were used. Type of long-term care service was categorized into home or institutional care using the LTCI Claims Database. The National Health Insurance Claims Database was used to identify the incidence of pressure ulcers as the outcome variable in a survival analysis using the time-dependent Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS: Of the 7841 participants, 98 (1.2%) exhibited pressure ulcers. Compared with beneficiaries receiving home care, those receiving institutional care had a higher adjusted hazard ratio for pressure ulcers (hazard ratio 6.48, 95% confidence interval 3.48-10.86). These associations were particularly strong among beneficiaries without pressure ulcers during the mandatory assessment for benefit eligibility and who were partially ambulatory. DISCUSSION: Beneficiaries receiving institutional care were more likely to have pressure ulcers than were those receiving home care. The government must monitor the quality of institutional long-term care services and encourage service providers to improve such care.

Asunto(s)

Demencia/epidemiología , Servicios de Salud para Ancianos/organización & administración , Servicios de Atención de Salud a Domicilio/organización & administración , Seguro de Cuidados a Largo Plazo/estadística & datos numéricos , Cuidados a Largo Plazo/organización & administración , Úlcera por Presión/epidemiología , Anciano , Estudios de Cohortes , Demencia/terapia , Femenino , Servicios de Salud para Ancianos/economía , Servicios de Atención de Salud a Domicilio/economía , Humanos , Cuidados a Largo Plazo/economía , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , República de Corea

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The relationships between breastfeeding discontinuation and cesarean section delivery, and the occurrence of postpartum depression (PPD) remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association of breastfeeding discontinuation and cesarean section delivery with PPD during the first 6 months after delivery. METHODS: Data were extracted from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort for 81,447 women who delivered during 2004-2013. PPD status was determined using the diagnosis code at outpatient or inpatient visit during the 6-month postpartum period. Breastfeeding discontinuation and cesarean section delivery were identified from prescription of lactation suppression drugs and diagnosis, respectively. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios. RESULTS: Of the 81,447 women, 666 (0.82%) had PPD. PPD risk was higher in women who discontinued breastfeeding than in those who continued breastfeeding (hazard ratio=3.23, P<0.0001), in women with cesarean section delivery than in those with vaginal delivery (hazard ratio=1.26, P=0.0040), and in women with cesarean section delivery who discontinued breastfeeding than in those with vaginal delivery who continued breastfeeding (hazard ratio=4.92, P<0.0001). LIMITATIONS: Study limitations include low PPD incidence; use of indirect indicators for PPD, breastfeeding discontinuation, and working status, which could introduce selection bias and errors due to miscoding; and potential lack of adjustment for important confounders. CONCLUSIONS: Breastfeeding discontinuation and cesarean section delivery were associated with PPD during the 6-month postpartum period. Our results support the implementation of breastfeeding promoting policies, and PPD screening and treatment programs during the early postpartum period.

Asunto(s)

Lactancia Materna , Cesárea/psicología , Parto Obstétrico/psicología , Depresión Posparto/etiología , Adulto , Lactancia Materna/psicología , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Parto , Periodo Posparto , Embarazo , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , República de Corea , Adulto Joven

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is reported to be more prevalent among socioeconomically disadvantaged groups in various countries. The effect of poverty on child development appears to depend on how long poverty lasts. The timing of poverty also seems to be important for childhood outcomes. Lifetime socioeconomic status may shape current health. Thus, we investigated the effects of household income changes from birth to 4 years on the occurrence of ADHD. METHODS: Data were obtained from 18,029 participants in the Korean National Health Insurance cohort who were born in 2002 and 2003. All individuals were followed until December 2013 or the occurrence of ADHD, whichever came first. Household income trajectories were estimated using the national health insurance premium and the group-based model. Cox proportional hazard models were used to compare incidence rates between different income trajectory groups after adjustment for possible confounding risk factors. RESULTS: Of 18,029 participants, 554 subjects (3.1%) were identified as having ADHD by age 10 or 11. Seven household income trajectories within three categories were found. Children living in decreasing, consistently low, and consistently mid-low income households had an increased risk of ADHD compared to children who consistently lived in the mid-high household income group. CONCLUSIONS: Children who live in decreasing-income or consistently low-income households have a higher risk for ADHD. Promotion of targeted policies and priority support may help reduce ADHD in this vulnerable group.

Asunto(s)

Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/epidemiología , Disparidades en el Estado de Salud , Renta/estadística & datos numéricos , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios de Cohortes , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , República de Corea/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Clase Social

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To investigate the impact of different living arrangements on quality of life (QoL) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in the elderly. METHODS: We used data from the first to fourth wave of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging. Using the first wave as a baseline, the data included 5050 individuals aged 60 years and older with at least one living child. QoL and HRQoL were measured using a visual analogue scale developed by the Korean Labor Institute that bears similarity to the EQ-VAS. Living arrangements were categorized based on household composition (single household, one-generation household, two-generation household, and three-generation household) and the marital status of a cohabiting adult child. A generalized estimating equation was used to examine the association between living arrangements and QoL/HRQoL. RESULTS: Compared to elderly individuals living in three-generation families with a married child, those in a single household (QoL: ß = -2.67 [P = 0.001]; HRQoL: ß = -2.24 [P = 0.007]), those living in a three-generation family with an unmarried adult child (QoL: ß = -5.19 [P < 0.0001]; HRQoL: ß = -3.41 [P < 0.0001]), and those living in a two-generation family with an unmarried adult child (QoL: ß = -2.88 [P < 0.0001]; HRQoL: ß = -2.80 [P < 0.0001]) were more likely to have lower QoL and HRQoL. These associations were particularly strong for women and individuals in the lowest equivalent household income group. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to devise government programs not only for elderly individuals living alone, but also for those living with an unmarried adult child; elderly persons who are female and part of the lowest equivalent household income group must receive particular attention.

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Calidad de Vida/psicología , Características de la Residencia , Anciano , Envejecimiento , Pueblo Asiatico , Femenino , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Estado Civil , Persona de Mediana Edad

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The socioeconomic status of a person has an impact on his or her access to kidney transplantation as has been reported in western countries. This study examined the association between income level and kidney transplantation among chronic kidney disease patients undergoing dialysis in South Korea. METHODS: We analyzed data from 1,792 chronic kidney disease patients undergoing dialysis and listed in the Korean National Health Insurance Claim Database (2003-2013). The likelihood of receiving the first kidney transplant over time was analyzed using competing risk proportional hazard models on time from initiating dialysis to receiving a transplant. RESULTS: Of 1,792 patients on dialysis, only 184 patients (10.3%) received kidney transplants. Patients with medical aid had the lowest kidney transplantation rate (hazard ratio 0.29, 95% CI 0.16-0.51). A lower income level was significantly associated with a low kidney transplantation rate, after adjusting for covariates, compared to patients in the high-income level group. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that in South Korea, the total number of kidney transplants is remarkably low and there exists income disparity with regard to access to kidney transplantation. Thus, we suggest that plans be implemented to encourage organ donation and increase organ transplant accessibility for all patients irrespective of their socioeconomic status.

Asunto(s)

Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Disparidades en Atención de Salud , Renta , Fallo Renal Crónico/terapia , Trasplante de Riñón , Diálisis Renal , Clase Social , Adulto , Bases de Datos Factuales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , República de Corea

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow-derived cell therapy has been used to treat acute myocardial infarction. However, the therapeutic efficacy of this approach remains controversial. Here, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate short-term and long-term effectiveness of bone marrow-derived therapy. METHODS: We searched eight databases (Ovid-Medline, Ovid-EMBASE, Cochrane Library, KoreaMed, KMBASE, KISS, RISS, and KisTi) up to December 2014. Demographic characteristics, clinical outcomes, and adverse events were analyzed. We identified 5534 potentially relevant studies; 405 were subjected to a full-text review. Forty-three studies with 2635 patients were included in this review. RESULTS: No safety issues related to cell injection were reported during follow-up. At 6 months, cell-injected patients showed modest improvements in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) compared with the control group. However, there were no differences between groups at other time points. In the cardiac MRI analysis, there were no significant differences in infarct size reduction between groups. Interestingly, mortality tended to be reduced at the 3-year follow-up, and at the 5-year follow-up, cell injection significantly decreased all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis demonstrated discrepancies between short-term LV functional improvement and long-term all-cause mortality. Future clinical trials should include long-term follow-up outcomes to validate the therapeutic efficacy of cell therapy.

Asunto(s)

Médula Ósea/fisiología , Infarto del Miocardio/terapia , Trasplante de Médula Ósea/métodos , Tratamiento Basado en Trasplante de Células y Tejidos/métodos , Humanos , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Trasplante de Células Madre/métodos , Función Ventricular Izquierda/fisiología

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Suicide rates are high among elderly individuals experiencing socioeconomic insecurity. Socioeconomic security is of critical importance for elderly individuals and directly affects mental health, including suicidal behavior. Thus, we investigated the relationship between socioeconomic status and suicidal ideation in elderly individuals. METHOD: We conducted a cross-sectional study using data on 58,590 individuals 65 years of age or older from the Korean Community Health Survey 2013. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify relationships between socioeconomic factors (food insecurity, household income, and living arrangement) and suicidal ideation in the elderly population. RESULTS: The study included 58,590 participants (24,246 males and 34,344 females). Of those, 2,847 males and 6,418 females experienced suicidal ideation. Participants with food insecure were more likely to experience suicidal ideation than were those who were food secure (males: OR = 1.60; 95% CI, 1.34-1.90; females: OR = 1.54; 95% CI, 1.38-1.72). We found a similar pattern among participants with a low household income and those living alone. Additionally, male and female subjects who were food insecure and living alone or food insecure and had a low household income showed a marked increase in suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that low socioeconomic status is associated with an increased risk of suicidal ideation among the elderly. Furthermore, intervention programs that address the prevalence of elderly suicide, particularly among those who are socioeconomically disadvantaged, are needed.

Asunto(s)

Abastecimiento de Alimentos/estadística & datos numéricos , Renta/estadística & datos numéricos , Pobreza/psicología , Características de la Residencia/estadística & datos numéricos , Clase Social , Ideación Suicida , Prevención del Suicidio , Suicidio , Anciano , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Salud Mental , Evaluación de Necesidades , Prevalencia , República de Corea/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Suicidio/psicología , Suicidio/estadística & datos numéricos

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether patients with greater continuity of care (COC) have fewer preventable hospitalizations. DESIGN: We conducted a cohort study using a stratified random sample of Korean National Health Insurance enrollees from 2002 to 2010. The COC index was calculated for each year post-diagnosis based on ambulatory care visits. We performed a recurrent event survival analysis via Cox proportional hazard regression analysis of preventable hospitalizations. STUDY PARTICIPANTS: A total of 5163 patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus in 2003-6 and receiving oral hypoglycemic medication. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Preventable hospitalization. RESULTS: Of 5163 eligible participants, 6.4% (n = 328) experienced a preventable hospitalization during the study period. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) was 8.69 (95% CI, 2.62-28.83) for subjects with a COC score of 0.00-0.19, 7.03 (95% CI, 4.50-10.96) for those with a score of 0.20-0.39, 3.01 (95% CI, 2.06-4.40) for those with a score of 0.40-059, 4.42 (95% CI, 3.04-6.42) for those with a score of 0.60-0.79 and 5.82 (95% CI, 3.87-8.75) for those with a score of 0.80-0.99. The difference in cumulative incidence of preventable hospitalizations in patients with COC scores of 0.00-0.19 relative to those with COC scores of 1.00 was the greatest, at 0.97% points. CONCLUSIONS: Greater COC was associated with fewer preventable hospitalizations in subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Asunto(s)

Continuidad de la Atención al Paciente , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Hospitalización/tendencias , Adulto , Anciano , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , República de Corea , Análisis de Supervivencia , Adulto Joven