RESUMEN
Clinical isolates of the Herpes simplex virus had different susceptibility to acyclovir. Along with highly susceptible variants there were often isolated resistant variants and variants with intermediate susceptibility to the drug. All the clinical isolates were from the patients previously not treated with acyclovir. Therefore, it is possible to consider the drug resistance of the Herpes simplex virus to be natural. Two cultures of the virus differing in their susceptibility to acyclovir were simultaneously isolated from the affections of various localization in one patient. The study of the time course of the resistance development in the cell cultures showed that it depended on the drug dose and the subculture level. It is advisable to test the isolates of the Herpes simplex virus for their susceptibility to drugs used in the patient treatment. This will provide individual therapy of the patients with Herpes simplex.
Asunto(s)
Aciclovir/farmacología , Antivirales/farmacología , Herpes Simple/tratamiento farmacológico , Simplexvirus/efectos de los fármacos , Adolescente , Adulto , Células Cultivadas , Niño , Preescolar , Resistencia a Medicamentos , Humanos , Lactante , Riñón/citología , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Riñón/virología , Laboratorios , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Replicación Viral/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Interferon (IF) was synthesized in animals by diverse populations of immunocytes in response to induction by various low molecular weight aromatic hydrocarbons. The level of the involvement of either population of the immunocytes in IF production is determined by the chosen inductor. IF induction by acridanone L-1 was mainly observed in macrophages and B-lymphocytes. T-Cells actively participated in IF synthesis induced by amyxin, a representative of the fluorenone group. IF synthesized by lymphocytes of human peripheral blood in response to L-1 was completely neutralized by antiserum to alpha-IF while IF induced by amyxin in the same culture was a mixture of alpha- and beta-IFs at a ratio of 3:1.
Asunto(s)
Acridinas/farmacología , Linfocitos B/metabolismo , Inductores de Interferón/farmacología , Interferón-alfa/biosíntesis , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Modelos Biológicos , Linfocitos T/metabolismo , Tilorona/farmacología , Animales , Linfocitos B/efectos de los fármacos , Bovinos , Medios de Cultivo , Técnicas In Vitro , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos CBA , Linfocitos T/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The antiviral activity of a national analogue of virasol, ribamydil, with regard to RS virus infection was studied in tissue culture and in experimental animals. In L-41 cell cultures ribamydil in a dose of 60 micrograms/ml or more completely inhibited multiplication of RS virus strain Long, in a titre of 4.75 lg CPD50. The drug concentrations of 30, 15, and 7 micrograms/ml reduced the virus content by 3.75, 2.75 and 2.0 lg CPD50, respectively; ED50 of the drug was 7 micrograms/ml, the chemotherapeutic index was 71. In cotton rats, RS virus infection could be reproduced in 95%. Subcutaneous inoculation of the injection form of ribamydil in a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight prevented the development of infection with RS virus in 100% of the animals.
Asunto(s)
Virus Sincitiales Respiratorios , Infecciones por Respirovirus/tratamiento farmacológico , Ribavirina/uso terapéutico , Animales , Células Cultivadas/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas/microbiología , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Virus Sincitiales Respiratorios/efectos de los fármacos , Ribavirina/farmacología , Sigmodontinae , Factores de Tiempo , Cultivo de VirusRESUMEN
Aromatic hydrocarbons are rightly considered to belong to most active synthetic interferon inducers among low molecular compounds. A comparative evaluation of L-1 (acridanon) and amixin (fluorenon) showed L-1 to have more marked interferon-inducing properties. Both compounds differed not only in the dynamics and levels of interferon synthesis in different organs which suggests the possibility of their employment in different diseases, but also in the efficacy of the modes of application. L-1 induced IF synthesis most actively after subcutaneous inoculation, amixin after oral administration.
Asunto(s)
Inductores de Interferón/farmacología , Compuestos Policíclicos/farmacología , Acridinas/administración & dosificación , Acridinas/farmacología , Administración Oral , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Inyecciones Intraperitoneales , Inyecciones Subcutáneas , Inductores de Interferón/administración & dosificación , Interferones/análisis , Células L , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos CBA , Compuestos Policíclicos/administración & dosificación , Tilorona/administración & dosificación , Tilorona/farmacologíaAsunto(s)
Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/tratamiento farmacológico , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , VIH-1/efectos de los fármacos , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/microbiología , Evaluación de Medicamentos , VIH-1/fisiología , Humanos , Replicación Viral/efectos de los fármacos , Replicación Viral/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Tolerance and interferon-inducing activity of amixine, an interferon inducer, was studied by the double-blind method clinically in healthy volunteers given tableted amixine orally in doses of 0.125-0.25 g by different schedules. According to clinical laboratory examinations and studies of indirect parameters of labor capacity amixine was found to be tolerable for man. The amount of interferon in the blood serum depended on the schedule of administration of the inducer, the optimal being 1-2 amixine tablets at least 2 days apart.
Asunto(s)
Inductores de Interferón/uso terapéutico , Tilorona/análogos & derivados , Adolescente , Adulto , Método Doble Ciego , Tolerancia a Medicamentos , Humanos , Interferones/sangre , Masculino , Placebos , Pruebas Psicológicas/métodos , Psicofisiología , Comprimidos , Tilorona/uso terapéutico , Factores de TiempoAsunto(s)
Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae/tratamiento farmacológico , Aerosoles , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Virus de la Influenza A/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Ratones , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae/microbiologíaAsunto(s)
Infecciones por Arbovirus/prevención & control , Infecciones por Arenaviridae/prevención & control , Alphavirus , Animales , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Infecciones por Arbovirus/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Arenaviridae/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Bunyaviridae/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Bunyaviridae/prevención & control , Evaluación de Medicamentos , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Flavivirus , Humanos , Infecciones por Togaviridae/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Togaviridae/prevención & controlAsunto(s)
Anfotericina B/análogos & derivados , Gripe Humana/tratamiento farmacológico , Esclerosis Múltiple/tratamiento farmacológico , Anfotericina B/farmacología , Anfotericina B/uso terapéutico , Anfotericina B/toxicidad , Animales , Embrión de Pollo , Evaluación de Medicamentos , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Femenino , Humanos , Virus de la Influenza A/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Ratones , Rimantadina/uso terapéutico , Tilorona/uso terapéutico , Replicación Viral/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The latest data are reviewed on the molecular biology mechanisms of antiviral effect exhibited by the analogues of nucleic acids components. Main effects of preparations used in medicine and virology are analyzed. The data are presented in proof of the existence of different as well as common pathways for virus inhibiting effects of different preparations. The pathways include the analogue interference with virus specific DNA-polymerases, affecting the posttranscriptional processes, etc.
Asunto(s)
Antivirales , Nucleósidos/farmacología , Nucleósidos de Purina/farmacología , Nucleósidos de Pirimidina/farmacologíaAsunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antivirales/farmacología , Cefalosporinas/farmacología , ADN Viral/antagonistas & inhibidores , Dactinomicina/farmacología , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Inductores de Interferón/farmacología , Lípidos de la Membrana/farmacología , Polienos/farmacología , ARN Viral/antagonistas & inhibidores , Rifamicinas/farmacología , Estreptovaricina/farmacología , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Proteínas Virales/antagonistas & inhibidores , Virión/efectos de los fármacos , Replicación Viral/efectos de los fármacosAsunto(s)
Inductores de Interferón/uso terapéutico , Proyectos de Investigación , Animales , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Virus de la Encefalomiocarditis , Infecciones por Enterovirus/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , Matemática , Ratones , Compuestos OrgánicosAsunto(s)
Antivirales/antagonistas & inhibidores , Virus/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Antivirales/farmacología , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana , Humanos , Mutación , Recombinación Genética/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Cultivo de Virus , Virosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Replicación Viral/efectos de los fármacos , Virus/genética , Virus/metabolismoRESUMEN
The results of the development of a nonfatal model of experimental infection induced by Pixuna alpha-virus and suitable for the evaluation of the effectiveness of antiviral drugs are described. The asymptomatic infection induced in white mice by intranasal inoculation of Pixuna virus is characterized by intensive virus multiplication in the brain and spleen of the animals. In these organs virus reproduction is observed early after infection and amplification of the agent reaches maximum titres within 72 h postinfection. With this model, the main criterion of the effectiveness of antiviral drugs would be their effect on virus reproduction in the spleen and brain.