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Cortexin was used in prophylaxis of stroke among patients with cerebrovascular diseases. A course of cortexin therapy proved highly effective in the treatment of disorders of brain functions.

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The new classifications of hypoxical, hypo- and hypercapnical conditions are elaborated. They take into account the ecological factors in the development of various kinds of exogenic hypoxia, hypercapnia. For the first time the positive sides of physiological hypoxia and hypercapnia are brought in. In all classification til the last days hypoxia was considered as pathological process only. However hypoxia can be met in different physiologic conditions of organism: internal period of fetus development, hard physical work, increased sportsmen activity, hypoxia after hearty meal, hypoxia of aged organism. The same it is possible to say about the hypo- and hypercapnical conditions.

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Rats trained to intermittent normobaric hypoxia (INH) developed an increase of the glycogen contents in the heart and liver parenchymatous cells. Fatty acids seem to be the main source for synthesis of the intracellular glycogen. The intracellular transformation of the lipid energy substrate into the carbohydrates maintains the energy homeostasis in hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes during hypoxic intervals of the INH thus creating the necessary conditions. This kind of regulating the substance supply of the cell energy supports the organism stability under various effects.

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The response to intermittent normobaric hypoxia (INH) created in breathing gas hypoxia mixture (10% oxygen, 90% nitrogen) was evaluated in 123 patients with essential hypertension stage I and II. Hypoxia adaptation effects on central hemodynamics, physical performance, kinetics of oxygen exchange were studied. A pronounced response to INH persistent for 6 months was demonstrated in 80.5% of the patients. The reduction of the arterial pressure resulted from different mechanisms depending on hemodynamic type. Physical performance of the patients rose, oxygen consumption and transport normalized.

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Clinical and functional condition was examined for 75 patients with essential hypertension stage I and II who had developed adaptation to normobaric cyclic-fractionated hypoxia. The latter was produced by gas hypoxic mixture (10% oxygen, 90% nitrogen) in its inhalation. A pronounced positive effect of such treatment modality was registered in 86.7% of the patients and persisted for 6 months and more in 84.3%. A normal correlation was achieved of cardiac ejection to peripheral vascular resistance, this reducing arterial pressure. An optimal hemodynamic response arose to the hypoxic effects which also improved psychoemotional status of the patients.

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For biomicroscopic study of architectonic and hemodynamic features of uterine vascular bed wide ligation was carried out. It is shown that the vascular bed serves for blood deposition with cyclic change of inflow and outflow intensity. A rhythmic hypoxia results in a decrease of PO2 in the myometrium. The revealed biorhythm is considered evolutionary, determining physiological mechanism of plastic supply of generative function and development of the fetus resistance to hypoxia.

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The results of intermittent normobaric hypoxytherapy in 42 patients with bronchial asthma (BA) and 14 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis (COB) are analyzed. The positive effect is obtained in 76% of patients with BA and 92.8% of patients with COB. In the group of patients with BA the best effect was achieved for atopic form of BA--in 90% of patients, the effect was less pronounced for infection-allergic form--in 73.9% and for mixed form of BA--in 66.7%. In the process of treatment the attacks of asphyxia disappeared or became more occasional in 60.7% of patients; in 32.1% the attacks were more easily arrested or stopped independently; 33.8% of patients decreased doses of constantly taken drugs; in 33% cough ceased or decreased, sputum became to expectorate better; in 41% of patients dyspnea disappeared and considerably decreased. Improvement of the state in 54% of patients was retained for one year and more, in 29%--for 6 months, in 16.6%--for 3-4 months. The course of treatment consisted of 20-25 sessions. The patients breathed in hypoxic gas mixture containing 10% of oxygen (HGM-10) under intermittent conditions alternating with respiration of free air.

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Curative effect of intermittent normobaric hypoxia created when breathing in gaseous hypoxic mixture containing 10% of oxygen and 90% of nitrogen has been examined in 41 patients with hypertonic disease. Adaptation to hypoxia has been studied for its effect on the central hemodynamics psychoemotional state and kinetics of oxygen supply of the skin. The pronounced positive effect of treatment was achieved in 70.7% of patients, the arterial pressure decreasing at the expense of different mechanisms depending on the type of blood circulation. Besides, a decrease in the emotional tension of patients and normalization of oxygen consumption and transport were observed.

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Impulse biorhythm of cyclic pO2 change in the uterus tissues and intrauterine fetus of rats, guinea pigs and dogs is regarded as evolution-fixed, physiological mechanism aimed at increasing nonspecific resistance of the fetus. Modeling of this mechanism by adaptation to intermittent normobaric hypoxia under impulse conditions permits more significantly increasing nonspecific resistance of the organism than application of hypoxic effect under constant conditions.

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The experiments on rats have shown that hypoxic gas mixture containing 10% of oxygen and 90% of nitrogen (HGM-10) under normobaric conditions exerts a highly reliable radioprotective effect on progeny when 11-day pregnant animals are exposed to total irradiation (60Co, 20 Gy). As distinct from the known radioprotector, mexamine, (5-methoxytryptamine), HGM-10 has a pronounced radioprotective effect during the first days (1-5) after birth. Radioresistance of new-born rats correlates with the level of pO2 in the tissues which progressively decreases with respiration of HGM-10 and remains unchanged after mexamine (10 mg/kg) introduction.

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Energy metabolism of maternal and fetal tissues in adaptation to intermittent normobaric hypoxia was studied in experiments on 72 female Wistar rats. During pregnancy the intensity of tissue respiration in myometry was more than twice that in a nonpregnant uterus. The rate of tissue respiration in vital organs (brain) remained at a high level irrespective of exposure to the effect of a gas hypoxic mixture containing 10% oxygen, i.e. the organism of the mother and fetus provides the developing brain with an optimum amount of oxygen even in its possible deficiency. Thus, adaptation of the maternal and fetal organism to GHM-10 is attended by some shifts in energy metabolism which maintain the aerobic oxidation metabolism in the studied tissues for a long duration through more effective consumption of oxygen in its lack.

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This study has simultaneously examined the kinetics of oxygen metabolism (KOM) and clinical symptoms of "pretoxemia" and edema of pregnancy. It was found out that estimates of KOM obtained before and after the hypoxia test may allow identification of abnormal tissue respiration typifying "pretoxemia", differentiation between "pretoxemia" and early-stage late toxemia (edema of pregnancy), and prediction of the risk and time of late toxemia, and potential of the body to adapt to hypoxia. Evaluation of KOM before and after the hypoxia test may be employed as a test for subclinical late toxemia.

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The authors studied the efficiency of preventive usage of intermittent normobaric hypoxic hypoxia (INHH) in 44 pregnant females at high risk for late gestosis in presence of essential hypertension, stages I-II, and hypertensive type of neurocirculatory asthenia. The authors paid attention to a decrease in the incidence of late gestosis, its severe patterns especially, and perinatal mortality.

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Oxygen metabolism kinetics (OMK) was investigated in 90 pregnant females with high risk for late gestoses and associated vascular disorders (essential hypertension, stage I, and neurocirculatory asthenia of hyper- and hypotonic type) exposed to preventive treatment with intermitting normobaric hypoxia (INH). The study revealed that initial disorders of tissue respiration were featured with compensatory stimulation of tissue oxygen consumption. In early signs of late gestosis the consumption intensity was found to be diminished. During INH treatment course there was an evidence of normalization in oxygen metabolism. The time-course of OMK values permitted to assess the level of systemic adaptation to hypoxia in pregnancy. INH technique was proved to be an efficient nonpharmacological method of late gestosis prevention.

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