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BACKGROUND: Prurigo nodularis (PN) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by intense itch. Little evidence exists on the burden of PN in Italy. This real-world analysis aimed to investigate the healthcare resource consumption and related direct costs of patients hospitalized for PN. METHODS: The analysis utilized the administrative databases of healthcare units that cover approximately 12 million inhabitants across Italy. Adult patients were included by ICD-9-CM=698.3 (lichen simplex chronicus; neurodermatitis circumscripta; PN) as proxy of PN diagnosis, from 01/2010 to 09/2021, and had 1 year of data availability before (baseline) and after (follow-up) hospitalization (index date). These patients were 1:2 matched by age, sex, and index date (year) to adults without such hospitalization in the baseline period (matched non-PN controls). RESULTS: The analysis comprised 295 PN-hospitalized patients, matched with 590 non-PN individuals (mean age 63.2 years, 43.7% female). At baseline, patients had a greater comorbidity burden than non-PN controls, including higher prevalence of hypertension (56.6% vs. 36.6%, respectively), dyslipidemia (26.4% vs. 18.0%), diabetes (24.4% vs. 12.5%) and mental health conditions (14.9% vs. 7.8%). During 1-year follow-up, PN-hospitalized patients had significantly higher resource consumption than matched controls, in terms of mean number of prescriptions most commonly prescribed in PN patients (5.1 vs. 1.9, P<0.001), other drugs (11.7 vs. 6.5, P<0.001), all-cause hospitalization (1.4 vs. 0.1, P<0.001) and outpatient services (5.4 vs. 2.5, P<0.001). Mean annual all-cause healthcare costs for patients over 1-year follow-up were € 3847 total (€ 875 drugs, € 2652 hospitalization, € 320 outpatient services), higher than those for the matched controls, of € 711 total (P<0.001) (€ 353 drugs, € 228 hospitalization, € 130 outpatient services). CONCLUSIONS: Patients hospitalized for PN had a higher comorbidity burden at baseline and greater healthcare resource consumption during 1-year follow-up compared to matched controls, with a 5.4-fold increase in all-cause healthcare costs, indicating substantial clinical burden and remaining unmet need in these patients.

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In the last decade, dupilumab, a monoclonal human antibody inhibiting IL-4/IL-13 signaling, has revolutionized the therapeutic management of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD), permitting a long-term control of its signs and symptoms. The aim of this study was to identify histologic predictors of dupilumab efficacy after 16 weeks of treatment in a cohort of forty adult patients with moderate to severe AD who had undergone a skin biopsy for diagnostic purposes prior to treatment initiation. We found that EASI 75 and EASI 90 responses at week 16 were significantly associated with perivascular localization (OR=17.6, p=0.038) and lichenoid distribution (OR=31.8, p=0.025) of the immune infiltrate. Moreover, for each unit increase in the number (cells/m2) of CD4+ cells, the likelihood to achieve EASI75 response decreased by 1% (OR=0.99, p=0.037). In conclusion our study suggested a few pre-treatments qualitative and quantitative immunohistochemical features as promising markers predicting dupilumab response in AD patients.

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Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by recurrent and painful nodules and abscesses in intertriginous skin areas, which can progress to sinus tract formation, tissue destruction, and scarring. HS is highly debilitating and severely impairs the psychological well-being and quality of life of patients. The therapeutic approach to HS is based on medical therapy and surgery. First-line medical therapy includes topical antibiotics, systemic antibiotics, and biologics. Main surgical procedures include deroofing, local excision, and wide local excision. Despite the availability of multiple therapeutic options, the rates of disease recurrence and progression continue to be high. In recent years, the possibility of combining biologic therapy and surgery has raised considerable interest. In a clinical trial, the perioperative use of adalimumab has been associated with greater response rates and improved inflammatory load and pain, with no increased risk of postoperative infectious complications. However, several practical aspects of combined biologic therapy and surgery are poorly defined. In June 2022, nine Italian HS experts convened to address issues related to the integration of biologic therapy and surgery in clinical practice. To this purpose, the experts identified 10 areas of interest based on published evidence and personal experience: (1) patient profiling (diagnostic criteria, disease severity classification, assessment of response to treatment, patient-reported outcomes, comorbidities); (2) tailoring surgery to HS characteristics; (3) wide local excision; (4) presurgery biologic treatment; (5) concomitant biologic and surgical treatments; (6) pre- and postsurgery management; (7) antibiotic systemic therapy; (8) biologic therapy after radical surgery; (9) management of adverse events to biologics; and (10) management of postoperative infectious complications. Consensus between experts was reached using the Estimate-Talk-Estimate method (Delphi Method). The statements were subsequently presented to a panel of 27 HS experts from across Italy, and their agreement was assessed using the UCLA Appropriateness Method. This article presents and discusses the consensus statements.

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Background: Psoriatic disease, a chronic immune-mediated systemic inflammatory condition, significantly impairs patients' quality of life. The advent of highly targeted biological therapies has transformed treatment strategies, emphasizing the importance of selecting the most effective and cost-efficient option. Secukinumab, an IL-17A inhibitor, has demonstrated efficacy and safety in treating moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis (PsO). However, long-term real-world data on its effectiveness and persistence rate are limited. Methods: This retrospective study, conducted across eight Italian dermatology centers, aimed to evaluate the 6-year persistence rate and effectiveness of secukinumab in patients with PsO. Additionally, the study investigated the onset of psoriatic arthritis during treatment. Results: Overall, 166 adult patients were analyzed. Their median age was 53.9 years. The mean BMI was 26.5. Of the 166 patients, 64 were bio-experienced while 102 were bio-naïve. A progressive reduction in PsO severity measured by PASI scores over 6 years of treatment was revealed: the PASI score decreased from a baseline value of 18.1 (±9.1) to 0.7 (±1.6) after 6 years of follow-up. Adverse events, including mucocutaneous fungal infections and cardiovascular disturbances, were reported in 19.9% of patients. The persistence rate was 86.8% at 24 months, decreasing to 66.4% at 72 months. Psoriatic arthritis onset during treatment was observed in 15 (9.0%) of patients. Conclusions: This study highlights the sustained effectiveness and favorable safety profile of secukinumab over 6 years, providing valuable real-world evidence. Understanding the long-term persistence rate and predictors of discontinuation could help clinicians optimize treatment decisions and improve patient outcomes in PsO management. We found that the absence of scalp PsO, no involvement of the genital area and normal weight were the best factors of persistence in secukinumab treatment in the long term.

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OBJECTIVES: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease often associated with non-atopic comorbidities. Recently, a severity-dependent relationship between AD and sleep/mental health diseases has been proposed. However, few studies investigated these comorbidities and their association with AD severity through validated questionnaires. This study aimed to use a set of validated instruments to assess the impact of AD on sleep and psychological disorders and estimate the association of itch and AD severity with sleep disorders and psychological symptoms, distinguishing between clinical-oriented and patient-oriented measures. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study, recruiting 57 adult AD patients (mean age ± std. dev. 34.28 years ± 13.07; 27 males) matched for age and sex with 57 healthy adults (34.39 years ± 13.09; 27 males). To investigate the differences in sleep quality, insomnia, depression, and anxiety between the two groups, we performed independent sample t-Tests. Moreover, we conducted univariate linear regression analyses to examine the relationship between itch and objective/subjective severity of AD and sleep quality, insomnia, and psychological symptoms. RESULTS: AD patients reported lower sleep quality (p = 0.002), more severe insomnia (p = 0.006) and depression (p = 0.013), and higher stress levels than healthy adults (p = 0.049). Itch intensity was linked to sleep disturbances and psychological symptoms (R2range = 0.13-0.19, prange = 0.02-<0.001). Objective and subjective AD severity were similarly associated with worse sleep quality (R2 = 0.26, p < 0.001; R2 = 0.24, p < 0.001; respectively), anxiety (R2 = 0.15, p = 0.04; R2 = 0.17, p = 0.001; respectively), and self-perceived stress (R2 = 0.10, p = 0.02; R2 = 0.07, p = 0.049; respectively). However, subjective AD severity was more strongly associated with insomnia (R2 = 0.31, p < 0.001) and depression (R2 = 0.20, p < 0.001) than clinical-oriented AD severity (R2 = 0.19, p < 0.001; R2 = 0.05, p = 0.098; respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated poor sleep quality and high levels of insomnia, depression, and stress in AD patients, with an aggravated psychological status for adults with more severe skin disease. We suggest implementing a multidisciplinary approach to AD management/treatment that considers objective and subjective measures of disease severity.

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BACKGROUND: Scarce data related to the drug survival of biologic agents in psoriasis patients aged ≥65 years is available. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the drug survival of interleukin (IL)-23 or the IL-17 inhibitors approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis in elderly patients (aged ≥65 years), compared with younger adult patients (aged <65 years), and to identify clinical predictors that can influence the drug survival. METHODS: This retrospective multicentric cohort study included adult patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis, dissecting two-patient subcohorts based on age: elderly versus younger adults. Kaplan-Meier estimator and proportional hazard Cox regression models were used for drug survival analysis. RESULTS: We included 4178 patients and 4866 treatment courses; 934 were elderly (1072 treatment courses), and 3244 were younger patients (3794 treatment courses). Drug survival, considering all causes of interruption, was higher in patients aged <65 years than in elderly patients overall (log-rank p < 0.006). This difference was significant for treatment courses involving IL-23 inhibitors (p < 0.001) but not for those with IL-17 inhibitors (p = 0.2). According to both uni- and multi-variable models, elder age was associated with an increased risk of treatment discontinuation (univariable analysis: HR: 1.229, 95% CI 1.062-1.422; p < 0.006; multivariable analysis: HR: 1.199, 95% CI 1.010-1.422; p = 0.0377). Anti-IL-23 agents were associated with a reduced likelihood of treatment discontinuation after adjusting for other variables (HR: 0.520, 95% CI 0.368-0.735; p < 0.001). Being previously treated with IL-17 inhibitors increased the probability of discontinuation. CONCLUSION: Elderly patients with psoriasis have an increased risk of biologic treatment discontinuation compared with younger adult patients, particularly, if being treated with IL-23 inhibitors. However, in stratified analyses conducted in elderly patients, IL-23 inhibitors showed higher drug survival rates than IL-17 inhibitors.

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Acquired reactive perforating collagenosis is a rare cutaneous disorder characterised by the extrusion of abnormal connective tissue trough epidermidis and/or follicular units. Reactive perforating collagenosis is often associated with systemic diseases in which pruritus is a common symptom (e.g., diabetes and chronic kidney disease). Less commonly, it has been associated with chronic inflammatory dermatoses, including atopic dermatitis, as in this case. In this report, we describe the exceptional case of a 35-year-old man affected by acquired reactive perforating collagenosis associated with atopic dermatitis who was resistant to conventional topical and systemic treatment and experienced complete resolution of clinical signs and symptoms after 12 weeks of treatment with dupilumab. In our patient, the severe pruritus induced by atopic dermatitis likely contributed to the development of acquired perforating collagenosis lesions, which are thought to be a reactive response to chronic scratching and repetitive injury to the skin. Chronic pruritus in atopic dermatitis is known to be driven by type 2 cytokines, including IL-4 and IL-13, and dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody inhibiting IL-4 and IL-13 signalling, has been shown to be effective in the treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis as well as other type 2-driven pruritic dermatological conditions. This case supports the potential use of dupilumab for the treatment of reactive perforating dermatosis.

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INTRODUCTION: Night shift work disrupts circadian rhythms and has been associated with immune system alterations and various health conditions. However, there is limited data regarding its impact on psoriasis. The aim of our study was to compare psoriasis severity and the hormonal and immunological profile in patients with a night shift work to those with a daytime occupation. METHODS: In this case-control study, we enrolled psoriatic patients aged >18 years engaged in night shift work and a control group of psoriatic patients with a daytime occupation. A further categorization was performed by the duration of night shift work: < or ≥7 days a month and < or ≥8 years. Disease severity was evaluated by PASI, BSA, and DLQI, and blood samples were taken to measure various hormonal and immunological markers. Univariable and multivariable analysis were performed to assess differences between the two groups. RESULTS: A total of 40 night shift workers were included, along with 36 patients in the control group. Patients who worked night shifts at least 7 days a month had significantly higher PASI scores (11.2 ± 6.6 vs. 8.5 ± 6.6; p = 0.04) and higher IL-8 serum (115.33 ± 463.65 pg/mL vs. 19.98 ± 29.78 pg/mL; p = 0.006) compared to patients who did not. Night shifts workers for at least 8 years had higher BMI (28.65 ± 4.56 vs. 25.32 ± 5.50, p = 0.010), and females had higher testosterone levels (0.46 ± 0.53 ng/mL vs. 0.23 ± 0.13 ng/mL; p = 0.055). CONCLUSION: Night shift might increase psoriasis severity and have an impact on chronic inflammation, obesity, and hormonal imbalances.

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SIDeMaST (Società Italiana di Dermatologia Medica, Chirurgica, Estetica e delle Malattie Sessualmente Trasmesse) contributed to the development of the present guideline on the systemic treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis. With the permission of EuroGuiDerm, SIDeMaST adapted the guideline to the Italian healthcare context to supply a reliable and affordable tool to Italian physicians who take care of patients affected by atopic dermatitis. The evidence- and consensus-based guideline on atopic eczema was developed in accordance with the EuroGuiDerm Guideline and Consensus Statement Development Manual. Four consensus conferences were held between December 2020 and July 2021. Twenty-nine experts (including clinicians and patient representatives) from 12 European countries participated. This first part of the guideline includes general information on its scope and purpose, the health questions covered, target users and a methods section. It also provides guidance on which patients should be treated with systemic therapies, as well as recommendations and detailed information on each systemic drug. The systemic treatment options discussed in the guideline comprise conventional immunosuppressive drugs (azathioprine, ciclosporin, glucocorticosteroids, methotrexate and mycophenolate mofetil), biologics (dupilumab, lebrikizumab, nemolizumab, omalizumab and tralokinumab) and janus kinase inhibitors (abrocitinib, baricitinib and upadacitinib). Part two of the guideline will address avoidance of provocation factors, dietary interventions, immunotherapy, complementary medicine, educational interventions, occupational and psychodermatological aspects, patient perspective and considerations for pediatric, adolescent, pregnant and breastfeeding patients.

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SIDeMaST (Società Italiana di Dermatologia Medica, Chirurgica, Estetica e delle Malattie Sessualmente Trasmesse) contributed to the development of the present guideline on the systemic treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis. With the permission of EuroGuiDerm, SIDeMaST adapted the guideline to the Italian healthcare context to supply a reliable and affordable tool to Italian physicians who take care of patients affected by atopic dermatitis. The evidence- and consensus-based guideline on atopic eczema was developed in accordance with the EuroGuiDerm Guideline and Consensus Statement Development Manual. Four consensus conferences were held between December 2020 and July 2021. Twenty-nine experts (including clinicians and patient representatives) from 12 European countries participated. This second part of the guideline includes recommendations and detailed information on basic therapy with emollients and moisturizers, topical anti-inflammatory treatment, antimicrobial and antipruritic treatment and UV phototherapy. Furthermore, this part of the guideline covers techniques for avoiding provocation factors, as well as dietary interventions, immunotherapy, complementary medicine and educational interventions for patients with atopic eczema and deals with occupational and psychodermatological aspects of the disease. It also contains guidance on treatment for pediatric and adolescent patients and pregnant or breastfeeding women, as well as considerations for patients who want to have a child. A chapter on the patient perspective is also provided. The first part of the guideline, published separately, contains recommendations and guidance on systemic treatment with conventional immunosuppressive drugs, biologics and janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, as well as information on the scope and purpose of the guideline, and a section on guideline methodology.

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The evidence- and consensus-based guideline on atopic eczema, published in JEADV on 18 August 2022 (part 1) and 3 September 2022 (part 2) was developed in accordance with the EuroGuiDerm Guideline and Consensus Statement Development Manual. Four consensus conferences were held between December 2020 and July 2021. Twenty-nine experts (including clinicians and patient representatives) from 12 European countries participated. To reflect the most recent evidence on novel systemic medications, an update was published in October 2022. According to the purpose of the Italian Society of Dermatology and STD (SIDEMAST), the Italian Association of Hospital Dermatologists (ADOI) and the Italian Society of Allergological and Environmental Dermatology (SIDAPA) to adapt the EuroGuiDerm guideline on the treatment of atopic eczema into the Italian Healthcare setting, the original update has been supplemented by inserting notes, well highlighted by the original text, to emphasize the laws, rules, procedures and suggestions of the Italian Ministry of Health and regional Health authorities.

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BACKGROUND: Alopecia areata (AA) is a non-scarring disorder characterized by hair loss that greatly affects patients' quality of life and has a chronic, recurring course. This disease is marked by an inflammatory process, mainly on an autoimmune basis primarily regulated by Janus kinase (JAK). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study evaluating the safety of JAKi in a real-world setting in 91 AA patients, with a specific focus on the assessment of infectious events. RESULTS: Overall, 34 infectious events were observed in 28 patients (30.8%), among them 17 patients (60.7%) suspended treatment with JAKi until the infection was clinically resolved. Only in one case the infectious event led to a permanent discontinuation of the treatment. The data we observed in the study are consistent with results reported in clinical trials. CONCLUSION: It can be stated that, during treatment with JAKi in AA patients, infectious events may occur, but in most cases these events are easily manageable and do not result in permanent discontinuation of the drug.

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BACKGROUND: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a debilitating chronic skin disease; its therapeutic approach often requires combined medical and surgical treatment. METHODS: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of the surgical approach combined with different pharmacological treatments, evaluating the proportion of patients achieving the hidradenitis suppurativa clinical response (HiSCR), along with the incidence of postoperative complications, and local recurrence. A retrospective study of HS patients (Hurley I-III) presenting at least one skin lesion requiring surgery was performed. Demographic and clinical data were collected (kind and anatomical location of lesion excised, type of surgical procedure). Further data included: Hurley stage and IHS4 at baseline and week 16, HiSCR at week 16 after surgery, ongoing therapy at the time of surgery (topical, systemic antibiotic, biologics), postoperative complications and local recurrence at week 16. RESULTS: Forty-two patients with female predominance (66.7%, 28/42), with a mean age of 30.3 (SD±10.5) years, were enrolled. At week 16, 53% of patients achieved HiSCR, with baseline Hurley III inversely related to HiSCR achievement (P<0.05). No increased incidence of postoperative complications was detected. Three cases of local recurrence were reported at week 16. CONCLUSIONS: The results support the efficacy and safety of the combined therapy in the management of HS; no increased risk of complications emerged among patients concomitantly treated with biologics, compared to those on conventional systemic therapy or exclusively treated with surgery.

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INTRODUCTION: Several systemic therapies have been approved for the treatment of severe AD. In particular, Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi), including abrocitinib, baricitinib, and upadacitinib, recently received approval for the treatment of patients with severe AD after being evaluated in several clinical trials. However, a few concerns have been raised regarding their long-term safety and the management of these drugs in real-world clinical practice. In this article we described the results of a Delphi consensus aimed at describing the knowledge on JAKi and focusing, in particular, on providing clinical recommendations for dermatologists in daily practice regarding the use of these drugs. METHODS: Twelve Italian dermatologists reviewed the most recent literature regarding the efficacy and safety profiles of JAKi and proposed 24 statements. RESULTS: Agreement was reached for statements focusing on three main topics: (1) place in therapy of JAKi in patients with moderate-to-severe AD; (2) effectiveness and safety of JAK inhibitors in different phenotypes; (3) different approaches to the management of patients treated with JAKi in clinical practice. The panel proposed several recommendations regarding all the statements. CONCLUSION: Given the wide use of JAKi in clinical practice, it is crucial to establish a specific follow-up for each patient's phenotype in order to achieve the best possible clinical outcome and minimize potential adverse events.

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BACKGROUND: Over the past few decades, advances in medical research and diagnostic tools have shed light on some aspects of pyoderma gangrenosum (PG). Nevertheless, the multifactorial etiology, pathogenesis, and optimal management strategies for PG need to be further investigated. To address these knowledge gaps and contribute to a better understanding of this complex dermatological disorder, we collected epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic aspects of a case series of PG patients occurring in our department over the past 10 years. METHODS: We performed a single-centered, retrospective, observational study analyzing all cases with a diagnosis of PG observed at the Dermatology clinic of the Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS Catholic University from January 1, 2013, to January 1, 2023. For each case, we retrieved demographic data, the presence of other skin and systemic conditions, and the histopathological and clinical characteristics of PG, such as clinical variant, number of lesions, disease localization, previous therapy, response to treatment, and occurrence of relapse. RESULTS: We included 35 patients, 22 females and 13 males with a mean age of 40.0 years. Twenty patients (57.1%) had multiple localizations of disease, and the most commonly involved site was the lower limbs (85.7%). The lesions were mainly associated with inflammatory bowel diseases (51.4%) and hidradenitis suppurativa (37.1%). Clinical resolution with complete re-epithelialization was achieved in 25 patients (71.4%) with an average time of 20.8 months. On average, patients who underwent therapy with biological drugs had better outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: PG is a severe, rare, and pleomorphic disease associated with a broad spectrum of conditions. Corticosteroids remain the primary first-line approach for severe forms, but using biological immunosuppressants is promising.

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The immunopathogenesis of HS is partially understood and exhibits features of an autoinflammatory disease; it is associated with the potential involvement of B cells and the contribution of Th1 or Th17 cell subsets. Recently, the pathogenic role of both innate immunity and IL-1 family cytokines in HS has been deeply investigated. Several agents targeting the IL-1 family pathway at different levels are currently available and under investigation for the treatment of HS. HS is still characterized by unmet clinical needs and represents an expanding field in the current scientific research. The aim of this narrative review is to describe the pathological dysregulation of IL-1 family members in HS and to provide an update on therapeutic strategies targeting IL-1 family cytokine signaling. Further clinical and preclinical data may likely lead to the enrichment of the therapeutic armamentarium of HS with IL-1 family cytokine antagonists.

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