RESUMEN
Since higenamine (HG) was first included in the World Anti-doping Agency (WADA) 2017 Prohibited List, an increasing number of plants have been found to contain this ingredient. As a result, doctors are hesitant to prescribe traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to athletes. Thus, it is very important to assess the risks of doping violations due to HG following the oral administration of TCM. We determined the drug concentration-time curves for HG in urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) after single or multiple administrations of lotus seed powder on volunteers, the single dose was equivalent to 750 µg of HG, and the multiple doses were equivalent to 90 µg of HG each, 3 times daily for 5 consecutive days. For the single-dose group, the HG could be detected in urine 0.5 h after administration and reached a maximum concentration of 16.5 ng/mL 1 h after administration. For the multiple-dose group, the HG concentrations in urine showed two peaks at 29 and 77 h post-administration with 22.6 and 23.1 ng/mL, respectively. At the dosage used in this study, the maximum concentration of HG in some urine samples exceeded the WADA limit of 10.0 ng/mL; the risk was still very high, so athletes must avoid this amount of HG when using TCM. In addition, our study provided further data supporting the presence of sulfonated metabolites of HG in urine samples.
Asunto(s)
Doping en los Deportes , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Administración Oral , Alcaloides , Cromatografía Liquida , Humanos , Medicina Tradicional China , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos , TetrahidroisoquinolinasRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the expression levels of heat shock protein70 (HSPs70) and HSPs70 mRNA in different exposure to manganese, and research the neuroprotective effect on the career exposure to manganese. METHODS: From 2008 to 2009, with cross-sectional study design, and in a locomotive and rolling stock works, by stratified random sampling method, the exposed sample consisted of 180 welders from different welding shops and 100 unexposed in the last three years, non-welder controls with age-matched workers of similar socioeconomic status from the same industry. The control workers had not been exposed to neurotoxic chemicals. The mRNA expressions of four different metabolic enzyme were detected by SYBR Green I quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The expression levels of the two enzymes mRNA in different exposure to manganese were analyzed. The expressions of HSPs70 were detected by Western blot. The concentration of air manganese was determined by GFAAS. The average concentration of 8 h time (8h-TWA) was used to express the level of individual exposure to manganese, according to the air manganese workplace occupational exposure limit (8h-TWA=0.15 mg/m3), the exposed group is divided into high exposed group (>0.15 mg/m3) and low exposure group (<0.15 mg/m3). RESULTS: The individuals exposed to manganese dose of exposed group ((0.25±0.31) mg/m3) was higher than the control group ((0.06±0.02) mg/m3) (t=6.15, P=0.001); individuals exposed to manganese dose of high exposure group for (0.42±0.34) mg/m3, which was higher than low exposure group (0.09±0.07) mg/m3 (t=9.80, P=0.001). HSPs70 mRNA and protein of exposure group (5.65±0.21, 3.26±0.15) were higher than the reference group (0.41±0.03, 1.32±0.12) (t=18.91, t=8.68, P=0.001). HSP70 mRNA and protein of high exposure group (6.48±0.37, 3.67±0.26) were higher than the low exposure group (5.15±0.23, 3.02±0.19) (t=3.24, t=2.01, P=0.003, P=0.043). CONCLUSION: The expression of peripheral blood lymphocytes HSPs70 level and HSPs70 mRNA workers exposed to manganese increased and protect nerve cells from related to Mn stimulation induced lipid peroxidation damag.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas HSP70 de Choque Térmico , Manganeso , Exposición Profesional , ARN Mensajero , Estudios Transversales , Humanos , SoldaduraRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effect of C-phycocyanin (C-PC) from Spirulina platensis on paraquat (PQ)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. METHODS: A total of 90 healthy Wistar rats were randomly and equally divided into normal control group, model group (PQ group), and C-PC treatment group (C-PC group). Each rat in the PQ group and C-PC group were orally administered with a single dose of PQ (50 mg/kg) to establish a rat model of PQ poisoning. Then, the rats in the normal control group and PQ group were orally given saline solution (1 ml/100 g) every day, and the rats in the C-PC group were orally given C-PC (50 mg/kg) every day. Six rats were randomly selected from each group on days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28. The inferior lobe of each rat's right lung was homogenized for the measurement of hydroxyproline (HYP) and maleic dialdehyde (MDA) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Parts of each rat's left lung were subject to HE staining and Masson staining for pathological observation, and the expression of transforming growth factor-ß(1) (TGF-ß(1)), nuclear factor-kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in lung tissue was measured by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The HYP levels on days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 and MDA levels on days 14 and 28 were significantly lower in the C-PC group than in the PQ group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The SOD activity was significantly higher in the C-PC group than in the PQ group on days 1, 7, 14, and 28 (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The protein content of TGF-ß(1) and the activities of NF-κB p65 and TNF-α in the PQ group and C-PC group were significantly higher than those in the normal control group, while the indices in the C-PC group were significantly lower than those in the PQ group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The pathological observation showed that C-PC could alleviate pulmonary alveolitis and fibrosis in rats with PQ poisoning. CONCLUSION: C-PC can significantly inhibit PQ-induced pulmonary alveolitis and fibrosis in rats.
Asunto(s)
Paraquat/envenenamiento , Ficocianina/farmacología , Fibrosis Pulmonar/prevención & control , Animales , Pulmón/metabolismo , Pulmón/patología , Masculino , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Fibrosis Pulmonar/inducido químicamente , Fibrosis Pulmonar/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Factor de Transcripción ReIA/metabolismo , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/metabolismo , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMEN
To investigate the potential protective effect of C-phycocyanin (PC) on paraquat (PQ)-induced acute lung injury, rats were divided into control, PQ-treated and PQ+PC-treated groups. Rats in PQ-treated group were orally administered with 50mg/kg PQ, and rats in PQ+PC-treated group were intraperitoneally injected with 50mg/kg PC after administration of PQ. At 8, 24, 48 and 72h after treatments, GSH-Px and SOD activities, MDA levels in plasma and BALF, HYP, NF-κB, IκB-α and TNF-α contents in lung tissues were measured. The pathological changes in lung were observed. After treatment with PC, the levels of MDA and the relative contents of NF-κB and TNF-α were significantly decreased, the activities of GSH-Px and SOD and the relative contents of IκB-α were significantly increased. The degree of rat lung damage was obviously reduced in PQ+PC-treated group. The results suggested that PC treatment significantly attenuated PQ-induced acute lung injury.