RESUMEN
Effects of benzodiazepine tranquillizers (phenazepam, flunitrazepam), antidepressants (amitriptiline, imipramine) and nootropic piracetam injected in supersmall dozes were studied in outbred albino rats. It was found that in supersmall doses (10(-12)-10(-14) mol/kg) all these substances exert characteristic for each of these classes specific effects revealed by means of adequate pharmacological techniques. Benzodiazepine tranquillizers increased the number of punished water lickings in the conflict situation test. Antidepressants increased the number of wheel rotations in the test of the forced swimming in a tank with freely rotating wheels and enhanced a correlation between the number of wheel turns during the first and the second five minutes of the experiment. Nootrop piracetam increased the rate of acquisition of the active avoidance reflex in a shuttle box. The effects of all investigated drugs injected in supersmall doses were not accompanied by side effects, characteristic for them at administration in usual dosages. The conclusion is made, that the action of the drugs injected in supersmall doses is an universal property of psychotropic drugs. When administered in supersmall doses the pharmacological substances still exert their specific activity, but are devoid of side effects.
Asunto(s)
Benzodiazepinas , Psicotrópicos/farmacología , Amitriptilina/efectos adversos , Amitriptilina/farmacología , Animales , Ansiolíticos/farmacología , Antidepresivos/administración & dosificación , Antidepresivos/farmacología , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Flunitrazepam/farmacología , Imipramina/efectos adversos , Imipramina/farmacología , Aprendizaje/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Piracetam/farmacología , Psicotrópicos/administración & dosificación , Psicotrópicos/clasificación , RatasRESUMEN
Free-radical processes were studied in the umbilical blood and placenta of women from the regions of the Altai Territory, which were affected to different extents by nuclear tests on the Semipalatinsk grounds in 1949-1965. The data was obtained, which suggest changes of free-radical processes, from studied materials from women in labor in the regions most affected by the consequences of tests. The activity of erythrocytic superoxide dismutase was decreased, thus suggesting the formation of structural-functional defects of the erythrocytes. The data corresponds to the results obtained earlier when studying free-radical processes in the venous blood samples from female residents of the Altai Territory.
Asunto(s)
Sangre Fetal/metabolismo , Radicales Libres/metabolismo , Placenta/metabolismo , Adulto , Ecología , Femenino , Sangre Fetal/efectos de la radiación , Radicales Libres/efectos de la radiación , Humanos , Kazajstán , Persona de Mediana Edad , Guerra Nuclear , Oxidación-Reducción/efectos de la radiación , Placenta/efectos de la radiación , Embarazo , SiberiaAsunto(s)
Ansiolíticos/farmacología , Ansiedad/fisiopatología , Benzodiazepinas , Benzodiazepinonas/farmacología , Electroencefalografía/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Ansiolíticos/administración & dosificación , Benzodiazepinonas/administración & dosificación , Conflicto Psicológico , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Masculino , Aprendizaje por Laberinto , RatasAsunto(s)
Ansiolíticos/farmacología , Benzodiazepinas , Benzodiazepinonas/farmacología , Flunitrazepam/farmacología , Animales , Ansiolíticos/administración & dosificación , Ansiolíticos/efectos adversos , Benzodiazepinonas/administración & dosificación , Benzodiazepinonas/efectos adversos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Flunitrazepam/administración & dosificación , Flunitrazepam/efectos adversos , Masculino , RatasRESUMEN
A method of classification of outbred albino rats by means of forced swimming in a tank filled with water and equipped by freely turning wheels was developed. Using this technique a population of albino rats can be divided into three groups: highly active (HA), low active (LA) animals, and rats with intermediate activity. HA animals exhibit stable behaviour in forced swimming and conflict situation paradigms. They are also more sensitive to a benzodiazepine anxiolytic phenazepam in conflict situation test. At the same time, LA rats decrease their activity and are less sensitive to phenazepam. Both groups (LA and HA) are not homogeneous: each of them includes animals demonstrating quite another type of behaviour compared with a majority of rats.