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Accurate prediction of Electro-Discharge Machining (EDM) results is crucial for industrial applications, aiming to achieve high-performance and cost-efficient machining. However, both the current physical model and the standard Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model exhibit inherent limitations, failing to fully meet the accurate requirements for predicting EDM machining results. In addition, Micro-EDM Drilling can lead to the distortion of the macroscopic shape of machining pits under different input conditions, rendering the use of only the volume of machining pits as the evaluation index insufficient to express the complete morphological information. In this study, we propose a novel hybrid prediction model that combines the strengths of both physical and data-driven models to simultaneously predict Material Removal Rate (MRR) and shape parameters. Our experiment demonstrates that the hybrid model achieves a maximum prediction error of 4.92% for MRR and 5.28% for shape parameters, showcasing excellent prediction accuracy and stability compared to the physical model and the standard ANN model.

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The overall aroma is an important factor of the sensory quality of fruit wines, which attributed to hundreds of volatile compounds. However, the qualitative determination of trace volatile compounds is considered to be very challenging work. GC-Orbitrap-MS with high resolution and high sensitivity provided more possibilities for the determination of volatile compounds, but without the high-resolution mass spectral library. For accuracy of qualitative determination in fruit wines by GC-Orbitrap-MS, a high-resolution mass spectral library, including 76 volatile compounds, was developed in this study. Not only the HRMS spectrum but also the exact ion fragment, relative abundance, retention indices (RI), CAS number, chemical structure diagram, aroma description and aroma threshold (ortho-nasally) were provided and were shown in a database website (Food Flavor Laboratory, http://foodflavorlab.cn/ ). HRMS library was used to successfully identify the volatile compounds mentioned above in 16 fruit wines (5 blueberry wines, 6 goji berry wines and 5 hawthorn wines). The library was developed as an important basis for further understanding of trace volatile compounds in fruit wines.

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OBJECTIVE: To study the impact of cadmium (Cd) on the expressions of PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNA) in the rat testis and its possible action mechanism. METHODS: Twelve 6-week-old SD rats were randomly divided into a Cd-exposure and a control group, the former gavaged with CdCl2 at 3 mg/kg/d and the latter with normal saline, all for 28 successive days. Then the testicular tissues were collected from the rats, sperm concentration and motility were obtained by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA), and piRNA sequencing was performed using the gene chip, followed by bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed piRNAs. RESULTS: Compared with the controls, the rats in the Cd-exposure group showed significantly decreased sperm concentration and motility (P < 0.05). The expressions of 272 piRNAs were up-regulated and 402 down-regulated after 28 days of Cd exposure, and 4 of the up-regulated piRNAs were consistent with the results of gene chip verification. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the 4 up-regulated piRNA target genes were involved in 50 biological processes, such as negative regulation of apoptosis, positive regulation of gene expression and positive regulation of GTPase activity, and mainly concentrated in 13 signaling pathways including transcription dysregulation, calcium and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in cancer. Among them, PIRNA-DQ765261 had a binding site with Bcl-2. CONCLUSION: Cadmium can induce changes in the expressions piRNAs in the rat testicular tissue, and some piRNAs may be involved in the autophagy and apoptosis of sperm. Bcl-2 may be the target of PIRNA-DQ765261.

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OBJECTIVE: To study the impacts of exposure of F0 generation rats to 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) and bisphenal A (BPA) on the autophagy of testicular cells and key gene expressions of the Akt/mTOR pathway in the F1 generation offspring rats. METHODS: Using a 2×2 factorial design, F0 female and male rats were randomly assigned to receive intragastrically sigma vegetable oil (the control), BPA at 0.5 mg/kg, 4-NP at 5 mg/kg, and BPA+4-NP both at 0.5 mg/kg, respectively, qd alt for 30 days. Then the rats in each group were mated at a ratio of 1∶3. After pregnancy, the female rats continued the above intragastrical administration till delivery. The F1 generation male offspring rats were killed at 60 postnatal days, and their testes harvested for sperm count, observation of the morphological and autophagic changes of the testis, and determination of the relative mRNA expression levels of Akt, mTOR, 4EBP1 and p70S6K and protein expression levels of LC3-I and LC3-II. RESULTS: The sperm count of the F1 generation male offspring rats was markedly decreased in the BPA and BPA+4-NP groups compared with that in the control (P < 0.05) but no significant interactive effect was observed between BPA and 4-NP (P > 0.05). The ratio of LC3-II / LC3-I was remarkably increased in the 4-NP, BPA and BPA+4-NP groups in comparison with that in the control (P < 0.05), and a significant interactive effect was shown between BPA and 4-NP (P < 0.05). The cells in the seminiferous tubules of the rats in the 4-NP, BPA and BPA+4-NP groups were loosely arranged, with a decreased count of sperm and increased number of autophagic vacuoles. Significant down-regulation was observed in the relative mRNA expression of p70S6K in the 4-NP group, as well as in that of mTOR in the BPA group and Akt in the BPA+4-NP group (all P < 0.05). A remarkably up-regulated expression of 4EBP1 mRNA was found in all the three intervention groups (P < 0.05), with a significant interactive effect between BPA and 4-NP on the expressions of Akt and 4EBP1 mRNA (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Long-term exposure to low-concentration BPA and 4-NP impairs the testicular function of the F1 generation male offspring rats, which is closely related to the autophagy of testicular cells and changes of the Akt/mTOR pathway.

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From the viewpoint of land surface evapotranspiration, and by using the semi-empirical evapotranspiration model based on the Priestley-Taylor equation and the land surface temperature-vegetation index (LST-VI) triangle algorithm, the current monitoring technology of agricultural drought based on remote sensing was improved, and a simplified Evapotranspiration Stress Index (SESI) was derived. With the application of the MODIS land products from March to November in 2008 and 2009, the triangle algorithm modeling with three different schemes was constructed to calculate the SESI to monitor the agricultural drought in the plain areas of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, in comparison with the Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI). The results showed that SESI could effectively simplify the remote sensing drought monitoring method, and there was a good agreement between SESI and surface soil (10 and 20 cm depth) moisture content. Moreover, the performance of SESI was better in spring and autumn than in summer, and the SESI during different periods was more comparable than TVDI. It was feasible to apply the SESI to the continuous monitoring of a large area of agricultural drought.

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