RESUMEN
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) commonly presents with high morbidity and mortality, and early staging diagnosis and timely treatment is pivotal to prolonging patients' survival time. Compared with traditional morphological imaging methods such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional imaging methods like single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) are playing an increasingly important role in the early diagnosis, efficacy assessment, prognostic evaluation, and treatment planning for HCC, thanks to their higher sensitivity at a molecular level by using various radiopharmaceuticals.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones , Radiofármacos/uso terapéutico , Tomografía Computarizada de Emisión de Fotón Único , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Pronóstico , Radiofármacos/efectos adversos , Radiofármacos/farmacocinética , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Resultado del Tratamiento , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
Insect olfactory perception involves many aspects of insect life, and can directly or indirectly evoke either individual or group behaviors. Insect olfactory receptors and odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are considered to be crucial to insect-specific and -sensitive olfaction. Although the mechanisms of interaction between OBPs or OBP/ligand complex with olfactory receptors are still not well understood, it has been shown that many OBPs contribute to insect olfactory perception at various levels. Some of these are numerous and divergent members in OBP family; expression in the olfactory organ at high concentration; a variety of combinational patterns between different OBPs and ligands, but exclusive affinity for one OBP to specific binding ligands; complicated interactions between OBP/ligand complex and transmembrane proteins (olfactory receptors or sensory neuron membrane proteins). First, we review OBPs' ligand-binding property based on OBP structural research and ligand-binding test; then, we review current progress around the points cited above to show the role of such proteins in insect olfactory signal transmission; finally, we discuss applications based on insect OBP research.
Asunto(s)
Insectos/fisiología , Receptores Odorantes/genética , Olfato/fisiología , Animales , Femenino , Ligandos , Masculino , Percepción Olfatoria/fisiología , Neuronas Receptoras Olfatorias/fisiología , Feromonas/fisiología , Receptores Odorantes/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/fisiologíaRESUMEN
The autumn migration of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) was observed with radar and two types of light-trap at Langfang, Hebei province, China in 2001 and 2002. The sudden increase in the proportion of H. armigera moths in the searchlight trap indicated migration into the area and catches increased 10-fold during the second half of the night due to the landing of migrants before dawn. The moths' migratory flights took place at up to 2000 m above the ground, and moths flew differentially at times, and heights, when favourable (i.e. northerly) winds occurred. This facilitated the maximum displacement of moths towards the south during these 'return' migrations. The moths flew over the radar site at consistently high densities through the night, and the resulting flight durations of c. 10 h, at displacement speeds of 30-33 km h-1, would allow moths emerging in the far northeast of China (i.e. Liaoning and Jilin provinces and the Inner Mongolia autonomous region) to migrate into northern China (Hebei, Shandong and Henan provinces). The association of the seasonal migratory movements of H. armigera with crops in northern China is briefly discussed.
Asunto(s)
Migración Animal , Mariposas Nocturnas/fisiología , Estaciones del Año , Animales , China , Vuelo Animal , Densidad de Población , Dinámica Poblacional , RadarRESUMEN
The autumn return migration of the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua Hübner and other insects in northern China was observed with radar and with a simultaneously-operated searchlight trap and ground light-trap at a site in Langfang, near Beijing. The searchlight trap was found to be an efficient tool for trapping migrants and, operated alongside a ground light-trap, could distinguish migrant from locally-flying species. It was confirmed that S. exigua and some other species were high-altitude nocturnal windborne migrants during September and October in northern China. Maximum density of moths typically occurred below 500 m, and strong layering was often observed at about 200 m above ground level in airflows that would carry the moths towards the south. Descent of S. exigua in the vicinity of the radar site in late September was often associated with rain.