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Objective: To compare the prognosis of elderly patients with gastric and colorectal cancer treated with different nutritional support methods. Methods: Elderly patients with gastrointestinal tumors who received surgical treatment in Beijing Hospital from January 2019 to June 2020 were retrospectively included and divided into malnourished group and non-malnourished group according to the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM). The patients were divided into parenteral nutrition (PN) group, enteral nutrition (EN) group and enteral+parenteral nutrition (EN+PN) group according to the nutritional support. The prognosis of patients with different nutritional support treatment was compared. Results: A total of 426 elderly patients with gastric and colorectal tumors underwent surgical treatment were included, including 287 males and 139 females, aged 65-91 (72±6) years. There were 186 cases in malnourished group and 240 cases in non-malnourished group. A total of 257 patients received nutritional support therapy, including 108 cases in PN group, 48 cases in EN group and 101 cases in EN+PN group. The body mass index (BMI) of malnutrition group was lower than that of non-malnutrition group [(20.5±3.4) vs (23.7±2.8) kg/m2, P<0.001], and the score of nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS 2002) [M (Q1, Q3)] was higher than that of non-malnutrition group [4 (4, 5) vs 2 (2, 3) points, P<0.001]. The total hospitalization time of patients in EN group was shorter than that in PN group and EN+PN group [(11.9±4.0) vs (16.5±6.5) and (19.2±7.1) d, all P<0.001]. The total hospitalization time in PN group was shorter than that in EN+PN group [(16.5±6.5) vs (19.2±7.1) d, P=0.005]. The total incidence of complications in EN group was lower than that in PN group [0 vs 9.3% (10/108), P=0.030] and EN+PN group [0 vs 19.8% (20/101), P<0.001]. The incidence of total complications in PN group was lower than that in EN+PN group [9.3% (10/108) vs 19.8% (20/101), P=0.030]. Conclusion: Among the three nutritional supportive treatment modalities: EN, PN, and EN+PN, patients receiving EN support treatment have a shorter total hospitalization time and a lower complication rate.

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The participation of radiation oncology team members in the irradiation of Imaging and Radiation Oncology Core (IROC) phantom for cooperative group clinical trials is essential to comply with the latest quality management philosophy. Medical dosimetrists are expected to develop treatment plans for the irradiation of IROC phantoms. For advanced treatment techniques, such as three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT), intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT), the irradiation of the IROC phantoms serves as quality audit. If successful, the irradiation processes demonstrate that the institution has the knowledge of the protocol, and has the appropriate equipment to comply with the protocol requirements. This article describes three IROC phantoms used for credentialing external beam photon beam therapy, delivered using conventional medical linear accelerators, to the medical dosimetry community. Guidance and strategies for the development of treatment plans are discussed. Our institutional irradiation of the three IROC phantoms, delivered using the Truebeam medical linear accelerator, resulted in consistent dose accuracy to within ±1%. The participation of the team members may reduce the overall published failing rate stated to be about one-third of all participating institutions.

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PURPOSE: Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) allows for the non-invasive visualization of brain perfusion to detect abnormalities. In unilateral carotid artery stenosis, one hemisphere is less supplied with blood which results in a lower cerebral blood flow (CBF) compared to the healthy side. ASL can be performed time-resolved using multiple post labeling delay (PLD) times after labeling or static with a single delay, the latter allowing for a faster and more robust acquisition while bearing the risk of a falsely set delay resulting in unusable images. The purpose of this study is to compare the performance of multi-PLD and single-PLD ASL in patients with unilateral carotid artery stenosis both as means of diagnosis and therapeutic follow-up examination. METHODS: ASL perfusion data of 17 patients with known unilateral carotid artery stenosis was used to compare the diagnostic performance of the multi-PLD and single-PLD approach. Comparisons were made based on the CBF values and the added benefit of arrival time maps showing slower blood flow in multi-PLD ASL which might be overlooked in the individual delay images both before and after therapy. RESULTS: Both the multi-PLD and the single-PLD data could identify the side of the stenosis with hemispheric differences in each approach (p < 0.001) and depict the normalization of CBF after therapy (p > 0.05). There were no differences between the individual methods (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: In this work, we could show that multi-PLD ASL in patients with unilateral carotid artery stenosis is beneficial as it provides both CBF and arrival time maps, however when only a single-PLD acquisition is available, this appears sufficient in a clinical setting to investigate the presence of a unilateral stenosis.

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BACKGROUND: We explored the relationship between levels of serum uric acid (UA) and cognitive impairment in people with schizophrenia to order to better protect and improve cognitive function in such patients. METHODS: A uricase method evaluated serum UA levels in 82 individuals with first-episode schizophrenia and in 39 healthy controls. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the event-related potential P300 were used to assess the patient's psychiatric symptoms and cognitive functioning. The link between serum UA levels, BPRS scores, and P300 was investigated. RESULTS: Prior to treatment, serum UA levels and latency N3 in the study group were significantly higher than in the control group, whereas the amplitude P3 was considerably lower. After therapy, the study group's BPRS scores, serum UA levels, latency N3, and amplitude P3 were lower than before treatment. According to correlation analysis, serum UA levels in the pre-treatment study group significantly positively correlated with BPRS score and latency N3 but not amplitude P3. After therapy, serum UA levels were no longer substantially related to the BPRS score or amplitude P3 but strongly and positively correlated with latency N3. CONCLUSIONS: First-episode schizophrenia patients have higher serum UA levels than the general population which partly reflects poor cognitive performance. Improving patients' cognitive function may be facilitated by lowering serum UA levels.

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Malignant tumors represent a significant health challenge, critically impacting human well-being. Historically, the focus has been on leveraging the biochemical cues of tumors for both diagnosis and treatment. While valuable, this strategy does not capture the full complexity of tumor diagnosis and management. Recently, the integration of biomechanics and mechanobiology with oncology has highlighted the importance of mechanical cues, which have emerged as new hallmarks of tumors, opening potential novel routes for cancer diagnosis and therapeutic interventions. Despite the advances, a thorough literature review suggests a pronounced gap in our understanding of the mechanical properties of tumors. The clinical community has not yet completely recognized the diagnostic and therapeutic relevance of the mechanical cues of tumors. To bridge this knowledge gap, we propose and introduce the paradigm of "Tumor Mechanomedicine". We provide a comprehensive overview of the multi-scale mechanical characteristics of tumors, exploring their influence on tumor biology, from the aspects of tumor biomechanics, tumor mechanobiology, tumor mechanodiagnostics, and tumor mechanotherapeutics. By elucidating the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of these mechanical cues, we aim to furnish the oncology community with fresh insights, paving the way for innovative solutions to persistent clinical conundrums.

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The regenerative medicine has made great breakthrough in the repair of combat trauma, showing broad prospects, while the method of regenerative medicine applied in the early treatment of combat trauma is not yet clear. The early treatment of combat trauma includes strict control of bleeding, a large amount of blood transfusion, alleviation of acidosis, and correction of hypothermia and improvement of coagulation dysfunction, etc. This paper focuses on the bio-engineered blood, research and development of homeostatic materials, control of inflammation/infection, regulation of immunity, protection of important organs, establishment of military medical model, research and development of biosensors and drugs, and preventive application of stem cell bank in regenerative and tissue engineering in defense medicine to summarize the role of regenerative medicine in the early treatment of combat trauma, hoping to improve the overall treatment level of combat trauma.

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether circular RNA circRSF1 regulates radiation-induced inflammatory phenotype of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) by binding to HuR protein and repressing its function. METHODS: Human HSC cell line LX2 with HuR overexpression or knockdown was exposed to 8 Gy X-ray irradiation, and the changes in the expression of inflammatory factors (IL-1ß, IL-6 and TNF-α) were detected by qRT-PCR. The expressions of IκBα and phosphorylation of NF-κB were detected with Western blotting. The binding of circRSF1 to HuR was verified by RNA pull-down assay and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP). The expressions of inflammatory factors, IκBα and the phosphorylation of NF-κB were detected after modifying the interaction between circRSF1 and HuR. RESULTS: Knockdown of HuR significantly up- regulated the expressions of IL-1ß, IL-6 and TNF-α, decreased IκBα expression and promoted NF-κB phosphorylation in irradiated LX2 cells, whereas overexpression of HuR produced the opposite changes (P < 0.05). Overexpression or knockdown of circRSF1 did not significantly affect the expression of HuR. RNA pull-down and RIP experiments confirmed the binding between circRSF1 and HuR. Overexpression of circRSF1 significantly reduced the binding of HuR to IκBα and down-regulated the expression of IκBα (P < 0.05). Overexpression of circRSF1 combined with HuR overexpression partially reversed the up-regulation of the inflammatory factors, down-regulated IκBα expression and increased phosphorylation of NFκB in LX2 cells, while the opposite effects were observed in cells with knockdown of both circRSF1 and HuR (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: circRSF1 reduces IκBα expression by binding to HuR to promote the activation of NF-κB pathway, thereby enhancing radiation- induced inflammatory phenotype of HSCs.

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Bone mineral density (BMD) is an independent risk factor of osteoporosis-related fractures. We performed gene-based burden tests to assess the association between rare variants and BMD, and identified several BMD candidate genes. PURPOSE: BMD is highly heritable and a major predictor of osteoporotic fractures, but its genetic basis remains unclear. We aimed to identify rare risk variants contributing to BMD. METHODS: Utilizing the newly released UK Biobank 200,643 exome dataset, we conducted a gene-based exome-wide association study in males and females, respectively. First, 100,639 males and 117,338 females with BMD values were included in the polygenic risk scores (PRS) analysis. Among individuals with lower 30% PRS, cases were individuals with top 10% BMD, and individuals with bottom 10% BMD were the controls. Considering the effects of vitamin D (VD), individuals with the highest 30% VD concentration were selected for VD-BMD analysis. After quality control, 741 males and 697 females were included in the BMD analysis, and 717 males and 708 females were included in the VD-BMD analysis. The variants were annotated by ANNOVAR software, then BMD and VD-BMD qualified variants were imported into the SKAT R-package to perform gene-based burden tests, respectively. RESULTS: The gene-based burden test of the exonic variants identified genome-wide candidate associations in ANKRD18A (P = 1.60 × 10-5, PBonferroni adjust = 2.11 × 10-3), C22orf31 (P = 3.49 × 10-4, PBonferroni adjust = 3.17 × 10-2), and SPATC1L (P = 1.09 × 10-5, PBonferroni adjust = 8.80 × 10-3). For VD-BMD analysis, three genes were associated with BMD, such as NIPAL1 (P = 1.06 × 10-3, PBonferroni adjust = 3.91 × 10-2). CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggested that rare variants contribute to BMD, providing new sights for broadening the genetic structure of BMD.

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BACKGROUND: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) and hemiarthroplasty are common treatments for severe hip joint disease. To predict the probability of re-admission after discharge when patients are hospitalized will support providing appropriate health education and guidance. METHODS: The research aims to use logistic regression (LR), decision trees (DT), random forests (RF), and artificial neural networks (ANN) to establish predictive models and compare their performances on re-admissions within 30 days after THA or hemiarthroplasty. The data of this study includes patient demographics, physiological measurements, disease history, and clinical laboratory test results. RESULTS: There were 508 and 309 patients in the THA and hemiarthroplasty studies respectively from September 2016 to December 2018. The accuracies of the four models LR, DT, RF, and ANN in the THA experiment are 94.3%, 93.2%, 97.3%, and 93.9%, respectively. In the hemiarthroplasty experiment, the accuracies of the four models are 92.4%, 86.1%, 94.2%, and 94.8%, respectively. Among these, we found that the RF model has the best sensitivity and ANN model has the best area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) score in both experiments. CONCLUSIONS: The THA experiment confirmed that the performance of the RF model is better than the other models. The key factors affecting the prognosis after THA surgery are creatinine, sodium, anesthesia duration, and dialysis. In the hemiarthroplasty experiment, the ANN model showed more accurate results. Poor kidney function increases the risk of hospital re-admission. This research highlights that RF and ANN model perform well on the hip replacement surgery outcome prediction.

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Methomyl is a carbamate insecticide widely used in pesticides. Most of the poisoning methods are through digestive tract, respiratory tract and skin contact. At present, there is no report of poisoning caused by intramuscular injection. A case of poisoning caused by intramuscular injection of methomyl was analyzed retrospectively. About 4 minutes later, cholinergic crisis and central inhibition occurred. Venovenous-Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (VV-ECMO) and atropine were given quickly. Finally, the patient was successfully rescued and had a good prognosis. After intramuscular injection of methomyl, cholinergic crisis can occur rapidly, and the onset rate is significantly faster than that of digestive tract, respiratory tract and skin contact.

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OBJECTIVES: Coffee and tea intake might be associated with psychiatry diseases. However, it is unclear whether the effect of coffee/tea on anxiety and depression depending on the different types of proteins. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study. SETTING: Our datasets were downloaded from online. PARTICIPANTS: Phenotypic and genotypic data for coffee intake(N=376,196) and tea intake (N=376,078) were derived from UK Biobank. GWAS data of proteins (N=1,537) from neurologically relevant tissues (brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma) were obtained from a recently published study. MEASUREMENTS: Multivariate linear analysis was then used to evaluate the potential interaction effect between coffee/tea intake and proteins polygenetic risk score (PRS) on the risks of anxiety and depression controlling for age, sex, Townsend deprivation index (TDI), smoke, drinking and education level. RESULTS: 34 coffee intake-proteins interactions and 15 tea intake-proteins interactions were observed in anxiety individuals, such as coffee intake-c-Jun interaction (ß=0.0169, P=4.131×10-3), coffee intake-Fas interaction (ß=-0.0190, P=8.132×10-4), tea intake-sL-Selectin interaction (ß=0.0112, P=5.412×10-3) and tea intake-IL-1F6 (ß=0.0083, P=4.471×10-2). 25 coffee intake-proteins and 14 tea intake-proteins interactions were observed in depression individuals, including coffee intake- IL-1 sRI (ß=0.0171, P=4.888×10-3) and coffee intake-NXPH1 interaction (ß=0.0156, P=9.819×10-3), tea intake-COLEC12 interaction (ß=0.0127, P=3.280×10-3), and tea intake-Layilin interaction (ß=0.0117, P=7.926×10-3). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested the important role of multiple proteins in neurologically relevant tissues in the associations between coffee/tea intake and psychiatry diseases, providing entry points to explore the mechanisms underlying anxiety and depression.

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In recent years, chlorfenapyr poisoning has gradually increased in clinical practice, but the case fatality rate remains high. At present, the research on its poisoning mechanism and clinical characteristics is limited, and there is no effective treatment. In order to summarize the clinical characteristics of chlorfenapyr poisoning, in order to guide the clinical treatment, this article reported 2 cases of acute chlorfenayr poisoning and 21 cases of literature review, and summarized the clinical characteristics of chlorfenapyr poisoning.Most of the symptoms of gastrointestinal symptoms, profuse sweating, high fever, and changes in consciousness after chlorfenapyr poisoning, and delayed exacerbations are common, which can involve multiple organ systems such as the central nervous system, providing a basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

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Dietary anthocyanins (ATH) have probiotic and antioxidant functions in humans. They may also have beneficial impacts on rumen microorganisms and subsequently nutrient digestion in cattle. The experiment aimed to study the effects of dietary red cabbage extract (RCE) rich in ATH on rumen fermentation, rumen bacterial community, and nutrient digestibility in beef bulls. Eight Simmental beef bulls and two RCE levels (0 and 120 g/d) were allocated in a replicated 2 × 2 crossover design. Each experimental period included 15 days for adaptation and subsequent 5 days for sampling. The results showed that dietary addition of RCE increased the ruminal concentration of total volatile fatty acids and the molar proportion of propionate, decreased the acetate to propionate ratio, and tended to decrease the molar proportion of acetate, but it did not affect the ruminal pH and the concentrations of ammonia N, microbial CP, monophenols, polyphenols, and total phenolics. ATH was undetectable in the ruminal fluid of beef bulls in both groups. RCE did not affect the alpha diversity of rumen bacterial community, and the relative abundances of major rumen bacteria at the phylum level, but it increased the relative abundances of Ruminobacter and Anaerovibrio and tended to increase the relative abundances of Oribacterium and Monoglobus at the genus level. RCE tended to increase the plasma concentrations of globulin and total protein, but it did not affect the plasma albumin, urea, triglyceride, glucose, and antioxidant activities. Dietary addition of RCE did not affect the apparent nutrient digestibility. In conclusion, the ATH in RCE was highly hydrolysable in rumen fluid. Dietary addition of RCE increased the ruminal concentration of total volatile fatty acids, decreased the acetate to propionate ratio, and slightly modified the rumen bacterial community, but it did not affect the nutrient digestibility and the plasma antioxidants in beef bulls.

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Isoprene and its oligomers, terpenes, are expected to be present, along with other complex organic molecules in the diverse environments of the ISM and in our solar system. Due to insufficient spectral information of these molecules at low temperature, detection and understanding the importance of these molecules has been rather incomplete. For this purpose, we have carried out the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoabsorption measurements on pure molecular ices of isoprene and a few simple terpenes: limonene, α-pinene and ß-pinene by forming icy mantles on cold dust analogs. From these experiments, we report the first low temperature (10 K) VUV spectra of isoprene and its oligomers limonene, α-pinene and ß-pinene. VUV photoabsorption spectra of all the molecules reported here reveal similarities in the ice and gas phase as expected, with an exception of isoprene where a prominent red shift is observed in the ice phase absorption. This unqiue property of isoprene along with distinctive absorption at longer wavelengths supports its candidature for detection on icy bodies.

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BACKGROUND: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances have been documented at all spatial scales with concerns of adverse ecological and human health effects. Human exposures and relative pathway contributions depend on the specific population, their exposure scenarios, and pathways of local sources. OBJECTIVES: Provide a narrative overview of (1) current per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances knowledge for sources, concentrations, and exposures; (2) critical per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances exposure information gaps and needs, and (3) United States Environmental Protection Agency's strategies and action plans in collaboration with other federal, industrial, and academic partners. METHODS: A literature review was conducted for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (primarily perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid) compounds in blood, water, soil, house dust, indoor and outdoor air, consumer products, food, and fish, as well as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances exposure modeling. RESULTS: Large variability exists in measured per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances environmental concentrations and human exposures. Literature indicated that ingestion of food ("background"), drinking water ("contaminated" scenarios), and house dust (for children) are main pathways for perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid. DISCUSSION: Needs for addressing critical data gaps are identified. More information is available on long-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances than for replacement and emerging compounds. A large-scale research effort by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and other federal agencies is underway for a better understanding of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances exposures.