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OBJECTIVES: Laser therapy has become one of the mainstay treatments for improving signs of aging including wrinkles, large pores, and skin pigmentation. However, in patients with pigmented skin, an increase in complications including post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) has been noted. The purpose of this study is to investigate not only the safety profile of 755-nm picosecond laser with diffractive lens array (DLA) at approximately 2250 pulses on the face in people with darker skin, but also to evaluate its efficacy in treating wrinkles and pore sizes after one treatment session among different age groups. METHODS: This single-center, retrospective study enrolled patients between age 22 and 65 with both facial wrinkles and enlarged pore sizes. A total of 46 patients (7 male, 39 female, mean age 43) with Fitzpatrick skin types III and IV were enrolled. Two independent data-blinded dermatologists assessed and scored the improvements of patients' wrinkles and pore sizes using photographs. RESULTS: After one treatment session, statistically significant improvements were observed in lateral canthal wrinkles (p < 0.001) and facial wrinkles (p = 0.014). In addition, greater percentage of the patients from the aged group (50-65 years) showed clinically significant improvement as compared with the younger group. CONCLUSIONS: For patients with type III and IV skin, one session of DLA picosecond laser treatment at around 2250 pulses to the face is safe and effective for clinically meaningful improvement of the wrinkles and pore sizes, especially for the patients from 50- to 65-years of age.
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Hiperpigmentación , Láseres de Estado Sólido , Envejecimiento de la Piel , Adulto , Anciano , Pueblo Asiatico , Femenino , Humanos , Hiperpigmentación/etiología , Hiperpigmentación/radioterapia , Láseres de Estado Sólido/efectos adversos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
An easy and objective way to evaluate mid-face sagging is marking straight lines between the nasal alar and the mandibular angle, one in the supine and the other in an upright position. The maximal distance between the two lines drawn is measured. Statistic analyses shows that this maximum distance demonstrates positive correlation with age and body mass index that reflects the level of mid-face sagging. This simple method may be utilised to evaluate the effect of anti-ageing treatment on the face in the context of mid-face sagging.
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Antropometría/métodos , Mejilla/anatomía & histología , Mejilla/fisiología , Envejecimiento de la Piel/fisiología , Adulto , Anciano , Elasticidad/fisiología , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proyectos Piloto , Fenómenos Fisiológicos de la Piel , Taiwán , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Malignant gliomas (MGs) are highly chemotherapy-resistant. Temozolomide (TMZ) and carmustine (BiCNU) are alkylating agents clinically used for treating MGs. However, their effectiveness is restrained by overexpression of the DNA repair protein O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) in tumors. O6-benzylguanine (O6-BG) is a nonreversible inhibitor of MGMT, it promotes the cytotoxicity of alkylating chemotherapy. The authors have developed a hybrid-structured nanofibrous membrane (HSNM) that sequentially delivers high concentrations of O6-BG, BiCNU, and TMZ in an attempt to provide an alternative to the current therapeutic options for MGs. METHODS: The HSNMs were implanted onto the cerebral surface of pathogen-free rats following surgical craniectomy, while the in vivo release behaviors of O6-BG, TMZ, and BiCNU from the HSNMs were explored. Subsequently, the HSNMs were surgically implanted onto the brain surface of two types of tumor-bearing rats. The survival rate, tumor volume, malignancy of tumor, and apoptotic cell death were evaluated and compared with other treatment regimens. RESULTS: The biodegradable HSNMs sequentially and sustainably delivered high concentrations of O6-BG, BiCNU, and TMZ for more than 14 weeks. The tumor-bearing rats treated with HSNMs demonstrated therapeutic advantages in terms of retarded and restricted tumor growth, prolonged survival time, and attenuated malignancy. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that O6-BG potentiates the effects of interstitially transported BiCNU and TMZ. Therefore, O6-BG may be required for alkylating agents to offer maximum therapeutic benefits for the treatment of MGMT-expressing tumors. In addition, the HSNM-supported chemoprotective gene therapy enhanced chemotherapy tolerance and efficacy. It can, therefore, potentially provide an improved therapeutic alternative for MGs.
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INTRODUCTION: Transsphenoidal resection of pituitary tumors is a surgery performed through the nose and sphenoid sinus to remove pituitary tumors. Disorders of sodium balance are common after transsphenoidal surgery involving the pituitary gland. Here, we report the clinical features of an original case of acute onset parkinsonism later confirmed to be secondary to transsphenoidal resection of pituitary adenoma. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 36-year-old female had received transsphenoidal pituitary resection for pituitary adenoma. Eight days after the surgery, she suffered from acute onset general weakness and nausea/vomiting. She was diagnosed with hyponatremia for which she was treated. Acute onset ataxia, bilateral hand tremor, and dysarthria were then noted on the 4th day of hyponatremia treatment. DIAGNOSIS: Based on history, clinical manifestation, and MRI brain images, a diagnosis of acute parkinsonism caused by isolated extrapontine myelinolysis (EPM) was made. INTERVENTIONS: Patient was treated with levodopa/carbidopa. OUTCOMES: Patient's symptoms and signs improved gradually and 2 month follow-up MRI brain showed significant resolution of the bilateral lentiform nuclei hyperintensities on the T2-weighted images. Her neurological deficits had subsided completely. LESSONS: This case highlights an unexpected association between transsphenoidal resection of pituitary tumors and acute parkinsonism which is a treatable manifestation of EPM. Correction of hyponatremia following transsphenoidal pituitary resections should be preceded cautiously because even gradual correction of hyponatremia can produce myelinolysis.
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Adenoma/cirugía , Hiponatremia/complicaciones , Mielinólisis Pontino Central/etiología , Trastornos Parkinsonianos/etiología , Neoplasias Hipofisarias/cirugía , Adulto , Carbidopa/uso terapéutico , Combinación de Medicamentos , Femenino , Humanos , Levodopa/uso terapéutico , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Trastornos Parkinsonianos/tratamiento farmacológicoAsunto(s)
Alopecia Areata/tratamiento farmacológico , Ahorro de Costo , Piperidinas/administración & dosificación , Piperidinas/economía , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/administración & dosificación , Pirimidinas/administración & dosificación , Pirimidinas/economía , Pirroles/administración & dosificación , Pirroles/economía , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the feasibility of manual segmentation by users of different backgrounds in a previously developed multifeature computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) system to classify melanocytic and non-melanocytic skin lesions based on conventional digital photographic images. METHODS: In total, 347 conventional photographs of melanocytic and non-melanocytic skin lesions were retrospectively reviewed, and manually segmented by two groups of physicians, dermatologists and general practitioners, as well as by an automated segmentation software program, JSEG. The performance of CADx based on inputs from these two groups of physicians and that of the JSEG program was compared using feature agreement analysis. RESULTS: The estimated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for classification of benign or malignant skin lesions based were comparable on individual segmentation by the gold standard (0.893, 95% CI 0.856 to 0.930), dermatologists (0.886, 95% CI 0.863 to 0.908), general practitioners (0.883, 95% CI 0.864 to 0.903) and JSEG (0.856, 95% CI 0.812 to 0.899). The agreement in the malignancy probability scores among the physicians was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.91). By selecting an optimal cut-off value of malignancy probability score, the sensitivity and specificity were 80.07% and 81.47% for dermatologists and 79.90% and 80.20% for general practitioners. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that manual segmentation by general practitioners is feasible in the described CADx system for classifying benign and malignant skin lesions.
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Interpretación de Imagen Asistida por Computador/métodos , Enfermedades de la Piel/diagnóstico , Adulto , Anciano , Algoritmos , Técnicas de Apoyo para la Decisión , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Estudios de Factibilidad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Variaciones Dependientes del Observador , Fotograbar , Curva ROC , Estudios Retrospectivos , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Neoplasias Cutáneas/diagnóstico , Programas InformáticosRESUMEN
Although carbuncles are commonly seen and may heal on their own or respond well to treatment, in rare conditions, bacteria from carbuncles can spread into the bloodstream and migrate to other areas of the body. Herein, we report on an elderly female who suffered from forehead carbuncle with intractable headache, later confirmed as having subgaleal abscess. Physicians should pay special attention to elderly and immune-compromised patients with carbuncles located on the middle of the face, especially when accompanied by intractable headache, to avoid poor outcome.
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The identification of type 1 diabetes in diabetic subjects receiving insulin therapy is sometimes difficult. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether results of professional continuous glucose monitoring can improve the identification of type 1 diabetes.From 2007 to 2012, 119 adults receiving at least twice-daily insulin therapy and professional continuous glucose monitoring were recruited. Type 1 diabetes was diagnosed by endocrinologists according to American Diabetes Association standards, including a very low C-peptide level (<0.35 âpg/mL) or the presence of diabetic ketoacidosis. Continuous glucose monitoring was applied for 3 days.Among 119 subjects, 86 were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Subjects with type 1 diabetes were younger (33.8 vs 52.3 years old, Pâ<â0.001), had lower body mass index (BMI, 21.95 vs 24.42, Pâ=â0.003), lower serum creatinine (61.77 âvs 84.65âµmol/L, Pâ=â0.001), and higher estimated glomerular filtration rate (108.71 vs 76.48âmg/mL/min/1.73m2, Pâ<â0.001) than subjects with type 2 diabetes. Predictive scores for identification of type 1 diabetes were constructed, including age, BMI, average mean amplitude of glucose excursion in days 2 and 3, and the area under the curve of nocturnal hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic states. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.90. With the cutoff of 0.58, the sensitivity was 86.7% and the specificity was 80.8%. The good performance was validated by the leave-one-out method (sensitivity 83.3%, specificity 73.1%).Professional continuous glucose monitoring is a useful tool that improves identification of type 1 diabetes among diabetic patients receiving insulin therapy.
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Glucemia/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Insulina/uso terapéutico , Monitoreo Fisiológico/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Índice de Masa Corporal , Niño , Creatinina/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Tasa de Filtración Glomerular/fisiología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis de Regresión , Estudios Retrospectivos , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) software that provides a second opinion has been widely used to assist physicians with various tasks. In dermatology, however, CADx has been mostly limited to melanoma or melanocytic skin cancer diagnosis. The frequency of non-melanocytic skin cancers and the accessibility of regular digital macrographs have raised interest in developing CADx for broader applications. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the feasibility of using CADx to diagnose both melanocytic and non-melanocytic skin lesions based on conventional digital photographic images. METHODS: This study was approved by an institutional review board, and the requirement to obtain informed consent was waived. In total, 769 conventional photographs of melanocytic and non-melanocytic skin lesions were retrospectively reviewed and used to develop a CADx system. Conventional and new color-related image features were developed to classify the lesions as benign or malignant using support vector machines (SVMs). The performance of CADx was compared with that of dermatologists. RESULTS: The clinicians' overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 83.33%, 85.88%, and 85.31%, respectively. New color correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) features improved the classification ability of the baseline CADx (p = 0.001). The estimated area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (Az) of the proposed CADx system was 0.949, with a sensitivity and specificity of 85.63% and 87.65%, respectively, and a maximum accuracy of 90.64%. CONCLUSIONS: We have developed an effective CADx system to classify both melanocytic and non-melanocytic skin lesions using conventional digital macrographs. The system's performance was similar to that of dermatologists at our institute. Through improved feature extraction and SVM analysis, we found that conventional digital macrographs were feasible for providing useful information for CADx applications. The new color-related features significantly improved CADx applications for skin cancer.
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Interpretación de Imagen Asistida por Computador , Neoplasias Cutáneas/diagnóstico , Programas Informáticos , Adulto , Anciano , Estudios de Factibilidad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fotograbar , Análisis de Componente Principal , Curva ROC , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Máquina de Vectores de SoporteAsunto(s)
Dermatitis Atópica/psicología , Eccema/psicología , Dermatosis de la Mano/psicología , Calidad de Vida , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Costo de Enfermedad , Dermatitis Atópica/diagnóstico , Eccema/diagnóstico , Dermatosis de la Mano/diagnóstico , Hospitales Universitarios , Humanos , Personal de Enfermería en Hospital , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , TaiwánRESUMEN
Chronic hand eczema is an important occupational skin disease with atopic dermatitis (AD) and wet work being the most important risk factors. This study was launched to analyse the potential association between AD-related inflammation genes and development of non-atopic hand eczema among nurses in University Hospital. Atopic eczema, non-atopic hand dermatitis and control groups were identified. The association between occurrence of non-atopic hand eczema and interleukin (IL)-13, IL-4 and IL-5 gene variants was analysed. IL13 rs20541 A allele [assuming recessive model; odds ratio (OR) = 3.38, 95% CI: (1.63-7.00)] showed association with development of non-atopic hand eczema. Additive score analyses showed combination of this gene variant with previously identified risk factors including certain SPINK5 polymorphism and more than 10 years of work experience conferred highest risk for development of non-atopic hand eczema. As non-atopic hand eczema made up significant portion of occupational skin diseases, further studies should be focused on this commonly encountered skin condition.
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Dermatitis Atópica/genética , Dermatosis de la Mano/genética , Interleucina-13/genética , Personal de Enfermería/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedades Profesionales/genética , Adulto , Dermatitis Atópica/epidemiología , Femenino , Dermatosis de la Mano/epidemiología , Humanos , Enfermedades Profesionales/epidemiología , Polimorfismo Genético , Factores de Riesgo , Taiwán/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of methotrexate and retinoid on risks for developing cerebrovascular disease among psoriatic patients. A population-based nested case-control study was conducted using the Taiwanese National Health Insurance database. Cox proportional hazards models were adopted. The hazard ratio (HR) of newly developed cerebrovascular disease was 1.28 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.162-1.413; p < 0.0001) for psoriatic vs. non-psoriatic subjects. In terms of the effects of methotrexate or retinoid on the occurrence of cerebrovascular disease, a significant protection effect (HR = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.27-0.92; p = 0.0264) was found for patients with methotrexate prescription. Retinoid prescription showed no protective effect. Further analyses revealed that a low cumulative methotrexate dose is associated with significant protective effect (HR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.28-1.00; p = 0.0486) while a high cumulative dose was not (HR 0.80; 95% CI = 0.11-5.68; p = 0.8214). These results suggest that psoriatic patients receiving low-dose methotrexate treatment may have reduced risk for developing cerebrovascular disease. Further prospective study should be performed to validate the vasculoprotective effect of this treatment strategy.
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Pueblo Asiatico , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/prevención & control , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéutico , Metotrexato/uso terapéutico , Psoriasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/diagnóstico , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/etnología , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Comorbilidad , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunosupresores/administración & dosificación , Incidencia , Masculino , Metotrexato/administración & dosificación , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Psoriasis/diagnóstico , Psoriasis/etnología , Retinoides/uso terapéutico , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Taiwán/epidemiología , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The term 'hand dermatitis' describes inflammatory skin condition localized to the hands. Nurses working at hospital settings are prone to develop hand dermatitis. The current study aimed to evaluate whether certain genetic polymorphisms were associated with the development of atopic eczema or non-atopic hand dermatitis in Taiwanese population. Nurses of Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital were recruited. Atopic eczema, non-atopic hand dermatitis and normal control groups were identified. The serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 5 (SPINK5), filaggrin and interleukin-31 (IL-31) gene variants were compared between the diseased and control groups. Our results showed that rs2303070 T allele of SPINK5 (assuming recessive model; OR=3.58, 95% CI 1.63-7.84; P=0.0014) and rs7977932 G allele of IL-31 (assuming recessive model; OR=18.25, 95% CI =3.27-101.94; P=0.0009) were associated with increased risks of developing atopic eczema, while rs6892205 G allele of SPINK5 (assuming dominant model; OR=3.79, 95% CI 1.55-9.28; P=0.0036) was associated with the development of non-atopic hand dermatitis. In summary, our results showed that distinct SPINK5 and IL-31 gene variants were associated with the development of atopic eczema and non-atopic hand dermatitis. The barrier function, particularly those regulated by SPINK5, may play an important role in the development of both atopic eczema and non-atopic hand dermatitis.
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Dermatitis Atópica/genética , Dermatitis/genética , Mano/patología , Interleucinas/genética , Enfermeras y Enfermeros , Proteínas Inhibidoras de Proteinasas Secretoras/genética , Adulto , Dermatitis/diagnóstico , Dermatitis/epidemiología , Dermatitis/patología , Dermatitis Atópica/diagnóstico , Dermatitis Atópica/epidemiología , Dermatitis Atópica/patología , Femenino , Proteínas Filagrina , Frecuencia de los Genes/genética , Genotipo , Humanos , Proteínas de Filamentos Intermediarios/genética , Masculino , Fenotipo , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple/genética , Inhibidor de Serinpeptidasas Tipo Kazal-5 , Taiwán/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing dermatosis. Previous studies have focused mostly on pediatric patients, and investigations emphasizing adult AD have been limited. OBJECTIVE: We set out to determine the 1-year prevalence and evaluate the validity of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) and United Kingdom Working Party (UKWP) AD questionnaires of adult AD in Taiwan. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study among nursing staff at a university hospital. The 1-year prevalence of AD was assessed by ISAAC and UKWP questionnaires. Subsequently, the dermatologists' diagnosis based on Hanifin and Rajka criteria was used as a reference for validation. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 92.9%, equivalent to 1131 complete questionnaires. Ninety adult patients with AD (8%) were identified by dermatologists' diagnosis whereas ISAAC identified 107 (9.5%); sensitivity and specificity were 36.7% and 92.9%, respectively. UKWP identified 42 (3.7%) patients with AD; sensitivity and specificity were 42.2% and 99.6%, respectively. Using the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the UKWP criteria performed significantly better than its ISAAC counterpart. Further analysis indicated that modification of these criteria resulted in significant improvement in their diagnostic efficacy. More specifically, modified ISAAC showed 90.0% and 55.2% sensitivity and specificity, respectively, whereas modified UKWP demonstrated 82.2% and 94.2% sensitivity and specificity, respectively. LIMITATION: Most of the study subjects were female with a high educational background. CONCLUSION: Currently available questionnaire instruments do not perform well in the identification of adult patients with AD. Modification of the original questionnaires may allow for future large-scale epidemiologic studies.
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Centros Médicos Académicos/estadística & datos numéricos , Dermatitis Atópica/diagnóstico , Dermatitis Atópica/epidemiología , Personal de Enfermería en Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios/normas , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Proyectos Piloto , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Prevalencia , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Taiwán/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Currently, no practical biomarker is available for the diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has being applied extensively to analyze large biomolecules such as proteins. The technique is likely to be of remarkable value as indicators of systemic processes such as atherosclerosis and stroke. The aim of this study is to identify potential protein biomarkers for ischemic stroke diagnosis utilizing MALDI-TOF MS. METHODS: Serum samples obtained from acute ischemic stroke patients (n = 47) and controls (n = 34) were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS. Stroke severity was assessed by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), subtype by the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST), functional outcome by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and infarct volume by the diffusion-weighted images. Risk factors and routine laboratory data of the stroke patients were registered prospectively. RESULTS: The peaks of hemoglobin (Hb) alpha-chain and beta-chain were differentially expressed between stroke patients and controls (p < 0.0001). Hb ions were detected in the samples collected from 33 (70.2%) stroke patients and 5 (14.7%) controls. The sensitivity is 70.2% and the specificity is 85.3%. Among stroke patients, there is no significant correlation (p > 0.05) between Hb peaks and the NIHSS, TOAST, mRS, stroke risk factors, infarct volume, infarct location and laboratory data. CONCLUSIONS: Serum free Hb may serve as a novel potential biomarker for the diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke. The clinical value of this potential biomarker may be clarified by further studies quantifying serum free Hb levels.