RESUMEN
The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in late-luteal appetite for highly sweet (HS) and highly salty and fatty (HSF) foods in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). After initial assessment in a psychiatric interview, the premenstrual symptoms screening tool (PSST) was used to identify women with moderate-to-severe premenstrual symptoms. Sixty-seven women with PMDD and 74 healthy controls were evaluated in the early-follicular and late-luteal (pre-menstrual) phases of the menstrual cycle. Because the PSST is designed to assess symptoms only in the late-luteal phase, an 11-point Likert scale was used to rate PMDD symptoms once a week in the evaluation mentioned previously and the following two menstrual cycles. Participants were shown pictures of 15 highly sweet (HS) and 15 highly salty and fatty (HSF) foods, desire to eat each food was rated on an eleven-point Likert scale (0, "none at all"; 10, "extreme desire"), and sweet-food craving was rated using the food craving-state questionnaire. Emotional responses to the foods were measured with a four-point Likert scale we previously validated. Depression, irritability, and impulsivity were measured with standard psychiatric instruments. Women with PMDD, but not control women, had late-luteal phase elevations in desire to eat HS food, sweet-food craving and emotional responses to HS foods. Desire to eat for HSF foods did not differ significantly across the menstrual cycle between groups. There were significant correlations between emotional responses to and desire to eat HS foods. Moreover, late-luteal phase irritability and impulsivity scores were associated with desire to eat HS foods. These data suggest that targeted assessment of increased late-luteal appetites for HS foods may facilitate clinical interventions in women with PMDD.
Asunto(s)
Apetito , Dieta/psicología , Ingestión de Alimentos/psicología , Emociones , Trastorno Disfórico Premenstrual/psicología , Adulto , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Grasas de la Dieta/análisis , Femenino , Humanos , Fase Luteínica/psicología , Trastorno Disfórico Premenstrual/fisiopatología , Sodio en la Dieta/análisis , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Depression, anxiety, and irritability are the three most studied symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). This study aimed to assess the premenstrual exacerbation of these symptoms and their role in the diagnosis or functional impairment of PMDD. METHODS: We recruited women with PMDD not undergoing any treatment and control subjects from the community. The diagnosis of PMDD was based on a positive score on the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool and confirmed by psychiatric interviews and questionnaire follow-up for three menstrual cycles. A total of 67 women with PMDD and 75 control subjects participated the survey and reach the final analysis. They complete the Center for Epidemiological Studies, the Chinese Version of the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory-Short Form, and the Penn State Worry Questionnaire in both the premenstrual and follicular phases. RESULTS: Women with PMDD, but no controls, demonstrate the premenstrual exacerbation of these three symptoms. Depression was the most prominent feature of the PMDD diagnosis while irritability was most frequently associated with functional impairment. CONCLUSIONS: Depression and irritability should be properly evaluated and treated among women with PMDD.
Asunto(s)
Ansiedad/diagnóstico , Depresión/diagnóstico , Genio Irritable/fisiología , Síndrome Premenstrual/diagnóstico , Adulto , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Comorbilidad , Depresión/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Síndrome Premenstrual/epidemiología , Estudios Prospectivos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The authors hypothesized that serum retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) concentrations will be higher in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) subjects. This study tested both women with GDM and healthy pregnant women and correlated their serum RBP4 concentrations with body mass index (BMI) and a variety of other parameters. Also, since there is no information on the relationship between RBP4 concentrations in maternal and fetal serum, this study measured these at delivery and examined whether there were correlations between the cord serum RBP4 levels and maternal serum RBP4 concentrations, neonatal birth weights, and gestational age at delivery. A total of 40 women were evaluated: 20 women with GDM and 20 healthy pregnant women to serve as control subjects. Serum RBP4 concentrations were analyzed with the use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Serum RBP4 concentrations at glucose challenge test (GCT) were significantly higher in the GDM group (42.4 +/- 13.8 ng/mL) than in the healthy control group (32.0 +/- 8.7 ng/mL; P = .007). BMI at GCT (P = .003) and GDM/no GDM (P = .014) were significantly correlated to serum RBP4 concentrations at GCT by multiple linear regression analysis. In GDM subjects, serum RBP4 concentrations immediately after delivery were significantly lower than those at GCT (30.1 +/- 11.0 ng/mL, 42.4 +/- 13.8 ng/mL; P < .001), but there was no such difference in normal subjects (30.9 +/- 10.0 ng/mL, 32.0 +/- 8.7 ng/mL; P = .581). Cord serum RBP4 concentrations were significantly lower than maternal serum RBP4 concentrations at delivery (10.9 +/- 3.8 ng/mL, 30.5 +/- 10.4 ng/mL; P < .001). Only fetal birth weight (P = .049) was independently related to cord serum RBP4 concentrations at delivery by multiple linear regression analysis. This study found increased serum RBP4 concentrations at GCT in GDM subjects, and GDM was significantly correlated to serum RBP4 levels after adjustment for the effect of BMI. Lower RBP4 concentrations were found at delivery in GDM subjects. Maternal serum RBP4 concentrations were significantly higher than cord serum RBP4 concentrations, and fetal birth weights were independently correlated to cord serum RBP4 concentrations. These findings may indicate that RBP4 plays a role in the pathogenesis of GDM. However, further experiments are required to clarify this role and find a possible regimen for GDM treatment.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Gestacional/sangre , Sangre Fetal/química , Proteínas de Unión al Retinol/metabolismo , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangre , Peso al Nacer , Índice de Masa Corporal , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Diabetes Gestacional/epidemiología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Edad Gestacional , Prueba de Tolerancia a la Glucosa , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Modelos Lineales , Embarazo , Proteínas Plasmáticas de Unión al RetinolRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To measure serum resistin levels in infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilisation-embryo transfer (IVF-ET), and to find any correlations between serum resistin levels and body weight, body mass index, the number of oocytes retrieved, and the outcome of IVF-ET. In addition, to assess whether there is any difference in serum resistin levels between infertility caused by polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and infertility caused by other female factors. METHODS: We designed a case-control study, and a total of 44 infertile women were enrolled. The blood samples for resistin measurement were collected on day 3 of the menstrual cycle prior to the administration of gonadotropin during in vitro fertilisation. These cases were then divided into 2 subgroups (PCOS group versus non-PCOS group) and a number of variables were measured and compared, including serum resistin levels. RESULTS: Serum resistin levels were inversely correlated with the number of oocytes retrieved (r=-0.371, p=0.013). No significant correlation was found between serum resistin levels and body mass index or body weight, either in the whole group or in the 2 subgroups. Serum resistin levels in the non-PCOS group were significantly higher than in the PCOS group (p=0.049). Serum resistin levels in the non-PCOS group were inversely correlated to the number of oocytes retrieved (r=-0.386, p=0.039), but no similar correlation was found in the PCOS group. There was no correlation between serum resistin levels and fertility rate or clinical pregnancy rate in either subgroup. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a negative correlation between serum resistin levels and the number of oocytes retrieved during IVF. However, this phenomenon was only present in the non-PCOS group. This result suggests that serum resistin levels might be a good predictor of ovarian response in infertile women without PCOS during IVF. The role of serum resistin in response to inflammation caused by endometriosis or chronic pelvic infection, both of which are major causes of female infertility, should be examined in a further study.
Asunto(s)
Transferencia de Embrión , Fertilización In Vitro , Oocitos/fisiología , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/sangre , Resistina/sangre , Adulto , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Humanos , EmbarazoRESUMEN
AIMS: To measure adiponectin levels in the serum samples from day 3 of the menstrual cycle prior to the administration of gonadotropin during in vitro fertilization, and to measure any correlations between adiponectin levels and the number of oocytes retrieved, body weights and body mass indexes. Also, to examine whether there is a difference in adiponectin levels between women who conceive and those who do not. METHODS: In a case-control design, 56 women undergoing in vitro fertilization procedures were included in this study: 28 women who conceived were matched with 28 women who did not conceive. Adiponectin levels in serum were determined by radioimmunoassay and compared. RESULTS: The adiponectin levels were positively correlated with the number of oocytes retrieved (r = 0.306, p = 0.022), but negatively correlated with body mass index and body weight (r = -0.367, p = 0.005; r = -0.326, p = 0.014). No significant correlations were found between the number of oocytes retrieved and body mass index or body weight (r = 0.020, p = 0.882; r = 0.069, p = 0.613). We further observed that adiponectin levels in women who conceived (23.0 +/- 2.0 microg/ml) were found to be significantly higher (p = 0.026) than those in women who did not conceive (17.3 +/-1.4 microg/ml). The number of oocytes retrieved from women who conceived (13.3 +/- 0.9) was also higher than that in women who did not (10 +/- 1.2; p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS: The number of oocytes retrieved was found to correlate positively with the adiponectin levels on the day prior to the administration of gonadotropin. In addition, basal adiponectin levels were significantly higher in those women who conceived. Therefore, adiponectin is a better marker of adequate follicular development during in vitro fertilization than is body weight or body mass index.
Asunto(s)
Adiponectina/sangre , Fertilización In Vitro , Gonadotropinas/administración & dosificación , Ovario/efectos de los fármacos , Ovario/metabolismo , Adulto , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Fertilización In Vitro/métodos , Humanos , Oocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Oocitos/metabolismoRESUMEN
Adipogenesis of preadipocytes in culture has been frequently used to study the molecular basis and effect of drugs on fat cell conversion. However, after adipogenic induction, cells respond to the inducing agent with various speeds of conversion and fat accumulation, which complicates direct molecular and biochemical analyses. Here we present a simple and sensitive method to detect and quantify fat accumulation inside cells by flow cytometry. Using this method, we detected elevated levels of cytoplasmic granularity that correlated well with an increased level of fat accumulated inside cells after adipogenic conversion. We further demonstrated the ability of this method to monitor and quantify fat cell maturation within a complex population of cells and to identify and collect the fat cells with similar fat storage for further analysis. Flow cytometry offers distinct advantages over existing detection systems for cytoplasmic lipid staining and lipid extraction and could represent a powerful analytical tool to monitor the effect of chemicals and biological molecules on fat cell conversion and maturation. Moreover, in combination with a cell sorting facility, our method offers a simple and efficient means of collecting fat cells of specific status for further analysis.