RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Early invasion and metastasis are responsible for the dismal prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is recognized as a crucial biological progress in driving tumor invasion and metastasis. The transcription factor FOXO3a is inactivated in various types of solid cancers and the loss of FOXO3a is associated with EMT and tumor metastasis. In this study, we sought to explore whether SPRY2, a regulator of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling, is involved in FOXO3a-mediated EMT and metastasis in PDAC. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was performed in 130 paired PDAC tissues and paracarcinomatous pancreatic tissues. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed by cell counting kit and flow cytometry, while cell migration and invasion were evaluated with wound healing and transwell assays. The changes in mRNA and protein levels were estimated by qRT-PCR and western blot. BALB/c nude mice xenograft model was established to evaluate tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo. RESULTS: FOXO3a expression was remarkably reduced in PDAC tissues, and correlated with metastasis-associated clinicopathologic characteristics and poor prognosis in patients with PDAC. In addition to the promotion of proliferation and suppression of apoptosis, knockdown of FOXO3a or SPRY2 induced EMT and promoted the migration and invasion of PDAC cells via activation of the ß-catenin/TCF4 pathway. Moreover, silencing of SPRY2 reversed the suppressor effects induced by FOXO3a overexpression on EMT-associated migration and invasion of PDAC cells, while blockade of ß-catenin reversed the effects of SPRY2 loss. FOXO3a knockdown decreased SPRY2 protein stability, whereas SPRY2 knockdown enhanced ß-catenin protein stability. In vivo, FOXO3a knockdown promoted the tumorigenic ability and metastasis of PDAC cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that knockdown of FOXO3a induces EMT and promotes metastasis of PDAC by activation of the ß-catenin/TCF4 pathway through SPRY2. Thus, FOXO3a may represent a candidate therapeutic target in PDAC.

Asunto(s)

Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/secundario , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Proteína Forkhead Box O3/antagonistas & inhibidores , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/metabolismo , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patología , Factor de Transcripción 4/metabolismo , beta Catenina/metabolismo , Animales , Apoptosis , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/genética , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/metabolismo , Movimiento Celular , Proliferación Celular , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Proteína Forkhead Box O3/genética , Proteína Forkhead Box O3/metabolismo , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/genética , Masculino , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Desnudos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Invasividad Neoplásica , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/genética , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Pronóstico , Transducción de Señal , Tasa de Supervivencia , Factor de Transcripción 4/genética , Células Tumorales Cultivadas , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto , beta Catenina/genética , Neoplasias Pancreáticas