RESUMEN
Nobiletin, a compound isolated from citrus fruits, is a polymethoxylated flavone derivative shown to have anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and neuroprotective properties. This study has investigated that nobiletin exerted inhibitory effects on the cell adhesion, invasion, and migration abilities of a highly metastatic AGS cells under non-cytotoxic concentrations. Data also showed nobiletin could inhibit the activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) involved in the downregulation of the enzyme activities, protein expressions, messenger RNA levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-9). Also, our data revealed that nobiletin inhibited FAK/PI3K/Akt with concurrent reduction in the protein expressions of Ras, c-Raf, Rac-1, Cdc42, and RhoA by western blotting, whereas the protein level of RhoB increased progressively. Otherwise, nobiletin-treated AGS cells showed tremendously decreased in the phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitor of kappaBα (IκBα), the nuclear level of NF-κB, and the binding ability of NF-κB to NF-κB response element. Furthermore, nobiletin significantly decreased the levels of phospho-Akt and MMP-2/9 in Akt1-cDNA-transfected cells concomitantly with a marked reduction in cell invasion and migration. These results suggest that nobiletin can reduce invasion and migration of AGS cells, and such a characteristic may be of great value in the development of a potential cancer therapy.
Asunto(s)
Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Citrus/química , Flavonas/farmacología , Proteínas de Unión al GTP Monoméricas/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias Gástricas/enzimología , Neoplasias Gástricas/patología , Actinas/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/enzimología , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Adhesión Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Forma de la Célula/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Citoesqueleto/efectos de los fármacos , Citoesqueleto/patología , ADN de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Flavonas/química , Proteína-Tirosina Quinasas de Adhesión Focal/metabolismo , Humanos , Proteínas I-kappa B/metabolismo , Metaloproteinasa 2 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Inhibidores de la Metaloproteinasa de la Matriz , Inhibidor NF-kappaB alfa , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Invasividad Neoplásica , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Fosforilación/efectos de los fármacos , Unión Proteica/efectos de los fármacos , Procesamiento Proteico-Postraduccional/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismoRESUMEN
Hypoxia is the most common factor contributing to the pathogenesis of choroidal neovascularization, which is the major cause for blindness and occurs in proliferative diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in the regulation of subretinal neovascularization under hypoxia and the possible function of a heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor, geldanamycin (GA), in the regulation of VEGF expression. An in vitro hypoxic experimental model was used to mimic the ischemic microenvironment of RPE cells. The cell growth was measured by proliferation assay and the morphological observation was documented by microscope. The gene expression of VEGF, hsp70, hsp90alpha and hsp90beta were measured using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The VEGF release from RPE cells were detected by ELISA. No alteration in growth rate and cell morphology under 1% O(2) condition for 24h was noticed. The proangiogenic growth factor VEGF, but not bFGF, released from hypoxia-treated cells were significantly higher than those of normoxic controls. A similar tendency of VEGF(165) isoform gene expression, detected by RT-PCR, was noticed in hypoxia-treated cells. Heat shock pretreatment elevated hsp70 and VEGF(165) gene expression and augmented the hypoxia-induced VEGF gene expression and protein release. Pretreatment with GA can significantly suppress the hypoxia-induced VEGF gene expression in and peptide release from RPE cells. These in vitro findings suggest that HSP90 inhibitors could be considered as novel anti-angiogenesis agents for diseases with intraocular neovascularization.