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The number of patients with endocrine system diseases increases annually. Widespread introduction of screening programs and improvement of laboratory and instrumental diagnostic is one of the most important causes for this. Treatment of patients with endocrine system diseases within the high-tech medical care leads to perform the unique surgical interventions. It increases survival and patients' life quality.

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Results of the use of the biocomposite nanostructured material "KollapAn" in the treatment of 374 patients with osteomyelitis were followed up. 412 operations were performed, depending on the stage of the inflammatory process and clinical picture. Majorly, operation was performed on the 5-7th day after primary necrosequestrectomy. Good early anatomic results were achieved in 86% patients. All patients demonstrated the good functional results of the treatment; the wound healing was on-time. The lethality rate was 1.2%; all these patients had severe sepsis. The long-term follow up (1.5 years) revealed the complete substitution of the bone defect by the autobone; no cases of the osteomyelitis recurrence were observed.

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The possibilities of the prevention of the acute urine retention in patients with the prostatic enlargement after the rectum surgery. The method was successfully used in 106 patients.

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Morphological study of 345 cholecytectomies revealed gall bladder cholesterosis in 173 cases. Network form of cholesterosis was most frequent (73.8%), polyposis-network was in 18.5% and only 8.7% polypoid form of cholesterosis was found. The frequency was similar in males and females, the polypoid form prevailed in males, reticular form in females. Main site of cholesterosis was the gall bladder body. Combination of cholesterosis with cholelithiasis was in 151 cases (87.3%), adenomyomatosis occurred in 33 patients (19%). Cholesterol polyps were found in 47 patients, in 30 of them they were multiple. The size of cholesterol polyps varied from 2 to 17 mm. For the first time mixed glandual-cholesterol polyps are described. Morphological picture of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis was in 7 patients. The morphological difference between foam and xanthome cells is presented.

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The determination of the hereditary and constitutive predisposition to peritoneal commissures before an abdominal operation and preventive introduction of an anticommissural drug into the abdominal cavity after the operation (in case such a predisposition is revealed) will make it possible to avoid repeated operations caused by commissures. Moreover, economic benefit of the introduction of anticommissural drugs and methods for the determination of the constitutive predisposition to peritoneal commissures before abdominal operations will make up about 20 billion USD for the whole Russia only owing to the reduction of cases of peritoneal commissures.

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According to the literature, the method of stents in the pancreatic ducts is a highly efficient and promising method for treatment of separate forms of pancreatitis. It is also an alternative to surgery.

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The best results produced by objective methods in cases of scheduled examinations of patients with peritoneal commissures of the abdominal cavity organs are observed in a complex study being a combination of X-ray and radionuclide methods of study, ultrasonic method, MRI and laparoscopy.

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The best results produced by objective methods in cases of scheduled examinations of patients with peritoneal commissures of the abdominal cavity organs are observed in a complex study being a combination of X-ray and radionuclide methods of study, ultrasonic method, MRI and laparoscopy.

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The article describes two cases (0.04%) of congenital cystic cholangiectasia complicated by cholelithiasis, which was revealed among 4,800 patients who underwent operation on the biliary tract. The disease was recognized during surgical intervention, retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and computed tomography. The authors carried out hepatoenterostomy with the use of a loop of the small intestine excluded after Roux and formation of choledochoduodenal anastomosis. Biliodigestive anastomoses create good conditions for the passage of bile and concrements from the ducts.

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Leiomyomas are rare tumors found as a rule in the stomach (1-2% of all gastric tumor cases) and occasionally in the intestine. Unless they grow large or become ulcerated gastric leiomyomas run a silent course. Otherwise there is epigastric pain, hemorrhage or impaired gastric evacuation. When complicated, the disease presents diagnostic difficulties and is treated surgically. Gastrotomy with dissection of the tumor or local resection of the gastric wall proved a reliable therapeutic means. Gastric resection is indicated in ill-defined tumors or in suspected malignancy.

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Operations for gastric and duodenal ulcers were performed in 1123 patients. Injuries of the spleen were found in 16 patients. Attention is called to special care necessary during manipulations on the upper part of the stomach.

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The authors analyse 59 cases with giant gastric ulcers (measuring 3 cm or more in diameter) treated by surgery, which accounted for 10.7% of all the operations conducted for gastric ulcers. It is shown that giant gastric ulcers are complicated and recur most frequently. Planned operations were performed on 56 patients, 3 patients underwent emergency operations at the peak of hemorrhage, the stomach was resected in all of them. Total postoperative mortality was 3.4%, no fatal outcomes occurred in emergency operations. The authors conclude that giant gastric ulcers should be treated by operation after 2-3-week course of preoperative management. Resection of the stomach is the operation of choice.

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