RESUMEN
Aberrant nematode larval migration in the CNS of horses is rare but frequently fatal; one of the main etiological agents involved in this illness is Halicephalobus gingivalis. This soil nematode has been associated with several fatal equine meningoencephalitis reports worldwide; however, it had never been diagnosed in horses of Mexico. A 10 year-old Andalusian horse presented dysphagia, fever, weakness, prostration and ataxia; the patient expired during the medical attention. Post mortem examination was performed and no gross alterations were found. Histopathology revealed meningoencephalitis, vasculitis and intralesional adult nematodes, larvae and eggs compatible with Halicephalobus spp. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the nuclear large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (LSU rDNA) of nematodes was performed from formalin-fixed and paraffin wax-embedded sections of brain. Posterior nucleotide sequence analysis of the amplified fragment identified the agent as H. gingivalis. To our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report of Halicephalobiasis in Mexico.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Caballos/diagnóstico , Meningoencefalitis/veterinaria , Infecciones por Rhabditida/veterinaria , Rabdítidos/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Resultado Fatal , Enfermedades de los Caballos/parasitología , Caballos , Masculino , Meningoencefalitis/diagnóstico , Meningoencefalitis/parasitología , México , Rabdítidos/clasificación , Infecciones por Rhabditida/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Rhabditida/parasitología , Tylenchida/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Cerebellar phaeohyphomycosis was diagnosed in an 8-year-old neutered male domestic cat. Gross lesions were limited to the cerebellum, which had a focally extensive dark brown-black, soft, irregular area affecting the cortex and white matter of the left hemisphere and extending to the reticular formation. Microscopically, multifocal pyogranulomatous meningoencephalitis with intralesional pigmented fungal hyphae effaced the cerebellar grey and white matter. Fungal hyphae were 3-6 µm in diameter, septate and non-dichotomously branched, with parallel, thin and slightly bulbous walls. Polymerase chain reaction for the internal transcribed spacer 1-2 ribosomal RNA genes was performed on tissue samples from formalin-fixed and paraffin wax-embedded sections of cerebellum. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the amplified fragment identified the fungal agent as Cladosporium cladosporioides. This is the first confirmed report of cerebellar phaeohyphomycosis attributable to C. cladosporioides-complex in a domestic cat.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Gatos/patología , Enfermedades Cerebelosas/veterinaria , Meningoencefalitis/veterinaria , Feohifomicosis/veterinaria , Animales , Enfermedades de los Gatos/microbiología , Gatos , Cladosporium , MasculinoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: DTI has shown increased MD of water molecules in the brain of patients with cirrhosis, consistent with low-grade edema. This study further characterizes this edema by using biexponential analysis of DTI data, a technique that may differentiate cytotoxic and vasogenic edema. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 41 patients with cirrhosis awaiting liver transplantation and 16 healthy controls were studied by DTI by using a single-shot echo-planar technique with 11 b-values (range, 0-7500 s/mm(2)) and 6 noncollinear directions. Measurements were fitted to biexponential function to determine MD and FA for the fast and slow diffusion components. Regions of interest were selected in the parietal white matter and corticospinal tract. The assessment was repeated 1 year after liver transplantation in 24 of these patients. RESULTS: In parietal white matter, patients with cirrhosis showed an increase in fast MD and a decrease in fast FA that normalized after liver transplantation. In the corticospinal tract, there was an increase in fast and slow MD that normalized after transplantation, and a decrease in FA that persisted posttransplantation. There was no association of DTI parameters with minimal HE (n =12). CONCLUSIONS: Biexponential analysis of DTI supports the presence of edema in the brain of patients with cirrhosis that reverts after transplantation. In parietal white matter, the increase in brain water was mainly located in the interstitial compartment, while the corticospinal tract showed a mixed pattern (intra- and extracellular). In addition, the findings on posttransplantation were consistent with microstructural damage along the corticospinal tract.
Asunto(s)
Edema Encefálico/diagnóstico , Imagen de Difusión Tensora , Cirrosis Hepática/cirugía , Trasplante de Hígado , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/diagnóstico , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadística como AsuntoRESUMEN
This article presents a large dermoid cyst discovered in the floor of the mouth of a young male patient. The lesion was clinically detected by manual palpation and confirmed by the use of magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment of this case was by surgical removal of the dermoid cyst. The patient recovered without any complications or evidence of re-occurrence of the cyst.
Asunto(s)
Quiste Dermoide/patología , Suelo de la Boca , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Niño , Quiste Dermoide/diagnóstico , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Neoplasias de la Boca/diagnósticoRESUMEN
Colesterol total, Triglicéridos y lípidos sanguíneos han sido investigados en un grupo de personas costarricenses de ambos sexos, supuestamente libres de factores de riesgo y de enfermedades de los lípidos sanguíneos. Se presenta los valores promedio y porcentuales (Porcentilos) para estas variables se comparan con los valores foráneos utilizados en nuestro país, obteniendo cifras similares. Finalmente se analizan algunos factores de riesgo y se dan recomendaciones generales.