RESUMEN

Gonioscopy is an important part of glaucoma diagnosis and management. Imaging and documentation of the anterior chamber angle has been previously performed using slit-lamp-assisted photography or using smartphones with or without an attached macro lens. Smartphones have transformed ophthalmic imaging by virtue of their availability, easy use, and portability. In this report, the authors aim to demonstrate gonio-imaging using a smartphone attached with an intraocular lens which behaves like a macro lens. With the patient in a sitting position or in the supine position, a goniolens is placed on the patient's cornea. A smartphone with a 10 D intraocular lens attachment over its camera is used to take images or videos of the anterior chamber angle with high magnification. This imaging modality is cost-effective and can be used for screening and photographic documentation of the angle, and can be of immense benefit, especially in primary health care centers.

Asunto(s)

Lentes Intraoculares , Teléfono Inteligente , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Gonioscopía , Humanos , Presión Intraocular , Fotograbar

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Increased frequency of using alcohol-based hand sanitizers (ABHS) by consumers during COVID times have resulted in increased incidences of skin issues on palms. OBJECTIVE: (1) To quantify skin damage with increased usage frequency of ABHS by consumers and (2) To evaluate Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) as natural prophylactic agent to counter the adverse effects. METHODS: In-home usage study was carried out with 60 volunteers for a 15-day intervention-Control Group: 6 applications per day of ABHS and Test Group: Overnight VCO use (6-8 drops) followed by 6× usage per day of ABHS. This leg included dermatological evaluation and WHO Self-Assessment Scale for skin health. Another leg of measurement included non-invasive instrumental study (Moisture & TEWL Probes, Tape Strip for protein content and IR spectroscopy for protein & lipid content) on forearm of 12 subjects (25-60 years age) with and without VCO application and repeated alcohol exposure. RESULTS: In-home usage study established consumer experiencing skin protective effect of VCO in the context of ABHS onslaught. 25% increase in perceived moisture content was recorded for VCO users, using WHO Self-Assessment Scale. Instrumental studies confirmed an increase in TEWL and decrease in lipids & protein content. Overnight VCO application resists the extraction which builds up with repeated application. CONCLUSIONS: Current work provides evidence of compromised hand skin barrier with ABHS daily usage. Overnight VCO application helps prepare the skin for next day alcohol use. Based on the findings, a regimen of overnight VCO application on hands as a natural prophylactic is recommended.

Asunto(s)

COVID-19 , Aceite de Coco , Etanol , Humanos , Lípidos , SARS-CoV-2

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR) and Her2/neu are routinely studied markers for breast carcinoma. Analysis of these biomarkers is traditionally done by Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on whole sections. These markers can also be studied on Tissue Microarray (TMA) sections. Tissue microarray is a technique where core samples from different paraffin blocks are arrayed on a single recipient block which can then be cut to yield a single section with multiple cores in it. AIM: To compare ER, PR and Her2/neu on TMA sections with whole sections and to determine the concordance of results between the two methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A TMA block was constructed by punching out 2 mm cores from appropriately marked paraffin blocks of 53 breast carcinoma cases and embedding them in the recipient block. Immunostaining of TMA sections and whole sections were performed for ER, PR and Her2/neu and the results were compared. Statistical analysis was done using chi square test/Fisher-Exact test. Kappa co-efficient, Jaccard Index and G-Index were computed. RESULTS: Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma-No Special Type (IDC-NST) was the predominant type of carcinoma and most of the tumours were of Grade II and III. Majority, 38/53 (71.7%) were ER/PR positive and Her2 negative and 9/53 (17%) cases were triple negative. Good concordance between whole sections and TMA sections were noted with kappa value for ER, PR and Her2/neu being 0.671, 0.754, 1.000 respectively which was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Immunostaining for ER, PR and Her2/neu done on TMA section using single 2 mm core were comparable with conventional whole section scores. Thus, TMA is a reliable method for evaluating these biomarkers with the advantage of being time and cost effective.