RESUMEN

This study assessed the physicochemical and antibiofilm properties of white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) associated with 1 or 2% of farnesol. Setting time was evaluated based on ISO 6876/2012. Radiopacity was evaluated by radiographic analysis. pH was assessed after time intervals of 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Solubility (% mass loss) and volumetric change (by micro-CT) of the cements were evaluated after immersion in distilled water. The presence of voids inside the materials was assessed by using micro-CT. Antibiofilm activity against Enterococcus faecalis was evaluated by crystal violet assay and the modified direct contact test performed with biofilm previously formed on bovine root dentin for 14 days. Data were submitted to ANOVA/Tukey tests with 5% significance level. The incorporation of farnesol into MTA increased its setting time, but decreased its solubility at 30 days and its volumetric loss in all periods (p < 0.05). Radiopacity and solubility after 7 days were similar among the materials (p > 0.05). The association of farnesol showed the highest pH value after 1 and 3 days (p < 0.05). The association of farnesol with MTA promoted a decrease in the presence of voids, and increased the antimicrobial activity on biofilm biomass of E. faecalis (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of farnesol can be suggested to improve the antimicrobial properties and the consistency of MTA.

Asunto(s)

Compuestos de Aluminio , Biopelículas , Compuestos de Calcio , Combinación de Medicamentos , Enterococcus faecalis , Farnesol , Ensayo de Materiales , Óxidos , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular , Silicatos , Solubilidad , Silicatos/farmacología , Silicatos/química , Óxidos/farmacología , Óxidos/química , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Compuestos de Calcio/farmacología , Compuestos de Calcio/química , Enterococcus faecalis/efectos de los fármacos , Compuestos de Aluminio/farmacología , Compuestos de Aluminio/química , Farnesol/farmacología , Farnesol/química , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Factores de Tiempo , Bovinos , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/farmacología , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/química , Animales , Análisis de Varianza , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Dentina/efectos de los fármacos , Valores de Referencia , Propiedades de Superficie/efectos de los fármacos

RESUMEN

Abstract This study assessed the physicochemical and antibiofilm properties of white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) associated with 1 or 2% of farnesol. Setting time was evaluated based on ISO 6876/2012. Radiopacity was evaluated by radiographic analysis. pH was assessed after time intervals of 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Solubility (% mass loss) and volumetric change (by micro-CT) of the cements were evaluated after immersion in distilled water. The presence of voids inside the materials was assessed by using micro-CT. Antibiofilm activity against Enterococcus faecalis was evaluated by crystal violet assay and the modified direct contact test performed with biofilm previously formed on bovine root dentin for 14 days. Data were submitted to ANOVA/Tukey tests with 5% significance level. The incorporation of farnesol into MTA increased its setting time, but decreased its solubility at 30 days and its volumetric loss in all periods (p < 0.05). Radiopacity and solubility after 7 days were similar among the materials (p > 0.05). The association of farnesol showed the highest pH value after 1 and 3 days (p < 0.05). The association of farnesol with MTA promoted a decrease in the presence of voids, and increased the antimicrobial activity on biofilm biomass of E. faecalis (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of farnesol can be suggested to improve the antimicrobial properties and the consistency of MTA.

RESUMEN

Abstract Cetrimide (CTR) is a cationic surfactant detergent with antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate setting time, pH, solubility and antibiofilm activity of tricalcium silicate cement (TSC) with zirconium oxide (ZrO2) and its association with 0.2 and 0.4% cetrimide. Initial and final setting times (IST and FST) were assessed based on ISO-6876. pH was evaluated at periods of 1,3,7,14 and 21 days. Solubility was analyzed by weight loss. A modified direct contact test (MDCT) on the biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis formed on bovine root dentin blocks was performed, after 6 hours of manipulation and 15 hours of contact time. The analysis was performed by UFC mL ¯¹ counting. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's tests (α=0.05). Higher IST was observed for TSC/ZrO2+CTR in both concentrations than for TSC/ZrO2 and lower FST for TSC/ZrO2+0.4% CTR (p0.05). All materials exhibited increased mass. TSC/ZrO2+CTR 0.4% had lower mass gain than the other materials (p<0.05). The highest antibiofilm activity was observed for TSC/ZrO2+CTR in both concentrations, when compared with the positive control (p<0.05). In conclusion, CTR exhibited potential to promote greater antibiofilm activity to tricalcium silicate cement, without harming its physicochemical properties of setting time, pH and solubility.

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Resumen Cetrimida (CTR) es un detergente y surfactante catiónico con actividad antimicrobiana y antibiofilm. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el tiempo de fraguado, pH, solubilidad y actividad antibiofilm del cemento de silicato tricálcico (CST) con óxido de zirconio (ZrO2) y su asociación con CTR a 0.2% y 0.4%. Tiempo de fraguado inicial y final (TFI y TFF) fueron determinados con base en las normas ISO-6876. pH fue evaluado en los períodos de 1,3, 7,14 y 21 días. Solubilidad fue analizada por la pérdida de masa/peso. El test de contacto directo modificado (TCDM) fue realizado sobre biofilm de Enterococcus faecalis formado en dentina radicular bovina, después de 6 horas de manipulación de los cementos y 15 horas de contacto. El análisis fue realizado por la cuantificación de UFC mL¯¹. Los datos fueron analizados usando las pruebas de ANOVA y Tukey (α=0.05). Mayor TFI fue observado para CST/ ZrO2+CTR en las dos concentraciones que para TSC/ZrO2 y menor TFF para TSC/ ZrO2+CTR 0.4% (p0.05). Todos los materiales mostraron aumento de masa. TSC/ZrO2+CTR 0.4% tuvo menor gano de masa que los otros materiales (p<0.05). Mayor actividad antibiofilm fue observado para CST/ZrO2+CTR en las dos concentraciones, cuando comparados con el grupo control positivo (p<0.05). En conclusión, CTR demostró potencial para promover superior actividad antibiofilm al cemento de silicato tricálcico (CST), sin perjudicar sus propiedades físico-químicas de tiempo de fraguado, pH y solubilidad.

Asunto(s)

Cemento de Silicato/análisis , Placa Dental , Cetrimonio/análisis

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of different peracetic acid (PAA) formulations on smear layer (SL) removal, dentine erosion, cytotoxicity, and antibiofilm activity. METHODOLOGY: SL removal and dentine erosion were assessed using 90 premolars, distributed into six groups, according to final irrigation: PAA formulations (1% Sigma, 1% Bacterend OX, 1% Arposept, and 0.09-0.15% Anioxyde), 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and water (control). Cytotoxicity was assessed by methyl-thiazol-tetrazolium (MTT) and neutral red assays. Antibacterial and antibiofilm effectiveness was evaluated against Enterococcus faecalis. For cytotoxicity and antibiofilm activity assessment, the 2.5% NaOCl was also included. RESULTS: EDTA, Sigma, and Bacterend OX removed more SL than Arposept, Anioxyde, and water (p<0.05). EDTA caused more severe dentine erosion than Sigma and Bacterend OX (p<0.05). Sigma and Bacterend OX had higher cytotoxicity than the other solutions (p<0.05). NaOCl, Bacterend OX, Sigma, and Anioxyde significantly reduced E. faecalis colony-forming units (CFU) (p<0.05). The 2.5% NaOCl solution promoted greater biofilm biomass reduction (p<0.05) than the other solutions. All PAA formulations promoted greater biomass reduction than 17% EDTA (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although Sigma and Bacterend OX had higher cytotoxicity, they had a SL removal capability similar to that of EDTA, were as effective as NaOCl against E. faecalis biofilm, and promoted less dentine erosion than EDTA. Arposept and Anioxyde failed to remove the SL, had lower cytotoxicity, and showed less bacterial activity than NaOCl.

Asunto(s)

Capa de Barro Dentinario , Biopelículas , Dentina , Humanos , Ácido Peracético/farmacología , Irrigantes del Conducto Radicular/farmacología , Hipoclorito de Sodio/farmacología

RESUMEN

Abstract Objective: To assess the effects of different peracetic acid (PAA) formulations on smear layer (SL) removal, dentine erosion, cytotoxicity, and antibiofilm activity. Methodology: SL removal and dentine erosion were assessed using 90 premolars, distributed into six groups, according to final irrigation: PAA formulations (1% Sigma, 1% Bacterend OX, 1% Arposept, and 0.09-0.15% Anioxyde), 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and water (control). Cytotoxicity was assessed by methyl-thiazol-tetrazolium (MTT) and neutral red assays. Antibacterial and antibiofilm effectiveness was evaluated against Enterococcus faecalis. For cytotoxicity and antibiofilm activity assessment, the 2.5% NaOCl was also included. Results: EDTA, Sigma, and Bacterend OX removed more SL than Arposept, Anioxyde, and water (p<0.05). EDTA caused more severe dentine erosion than Sigma and Bacterend OX (p<0.05). Sigma and Bacterend OX had higher cytotoxicity than the other solutions (p<0.05). NaOCl, Bacterend OX, Sigma, and Anioxyde significantly reduced E. faecalis colony-forming units (CFU) (p<0.05). The 2.5% NaOCl solution promoted greater biofilm biomass reduction (p<0.05) than the other solutions. All PAA formulations promoted greater biomass reduction than 17% EDTA (p<0.05). Conclusions: Although Sigma and Bacterend OX had higher cytotoxicity, they had a SL removal capability similar to that of EDTA, were as effective as NaOCl against E. faecalis biofilm, and promoted less dentine erosion than EDTA. Arposept and Anioxyde failed to remove the SL, had lower cytotoxicity, and showed less bacterial activity than NaOCl.

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties, cytocompatibility and antibiofilm activity of a new calcium silicate-based endodontic sealer, Sealer Plus BC (MK Life, Brazil), in comparison with TotalFill BC Sealer (FKG Dentaire SA, Switzerland) and AH Plus (Dentsply, Germany). Setting time and flow were evaluated based on ISO 6876 standard. The pH was evaluated after different periods, and radiopacity by radiographic analysis (mmAl). Solubility (% mass loss) and volumetric change (by micro-CT) were assessed after 30 days of immersion in distilled water. Cytocompatibility was assessed by methyltetrazolium (MTT) and neutral red (NR) assays, after exposure of Saos-2 cells to the sealer extract for 24 h. An additional analysis was performed by using MTT assay after 1, 3 and 7 days of exposure of Saos-2 to the sealers 1:8 dilution extracts. Antibiofilm activity against Enterococcus faecalis and/or Candida albicans was evaluated by crystal violet assay and modified direct contact test. The physicochemical properties were analyzed using ANOVA/Tukey tests; MTT and NR data were analyzed by ANOVA and Bonferroni tests; the antimicrobial tests were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (α=0.05). Sealer Plus BC had proper setting time, radiopacity, flow and alkalization capacity. Sealer Plus BC was significantly more soluble than AH Plus (p<0.05) and presented volumetric change similar to AH Plus and TotalFill BC (p>0.05). Sealer Plus BC presented antibiofilm activity and no cytotoxic effect. In conclusion, although Sealer Plus BC had higher solubility, this sealer showed proper physicochemical properties, cytocompatibility, and antibiofilm activity.

Asunto(s)

Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular , Biopelículas , Compuestos de Calcio/farmacología , Resinas Epoxi , Ensayo de Materiales , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/farmacología , Silicatos/farmacología

RESUMEN

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties, cytocompatibility and antibiofilm activity of a new calcium silicate-based endodontic sealer, Sealer Plus BC (MK Life, Brazil), in comparison with TotalFill BC Sealer (FKG Dentaire SA, Switzerland) and AH Plus (Dentsply, Germany). Setting time and flow were evaluated based on ISO 6876 standard. The pH was evaluated after different periods, and radiopacity by radiographic analysis (mmAl). Solubility (% mass loss) and volumetric change (by micro-CT) were assessed after 30 days of immersion in distilled water. Cytocompatibility was assessed by methyltetrazolium (MTT) and neutral red (NR) assays, after exposure of Saos-2 cells to the sealer extract for 24 h. An additional analysis was performed by using MTT assay after 1, 3 and 7 days of exposure of Saos-2 to the sealers 1:8 dilution extracts. Antibiofilm activity against Enterococcus faecalis and/or Candida albicans was evaluated by crystal violet assay and modified direct contact test. The physicochemical properties were analyzed using ANOVA/Tukey tests; MTT and NR data were analyzed by ANOVA and Bonferroni tests; the antimicrobial tests were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (α=0.05). Sealer Plus BC had proper setting time, radiopacity, flow and alkalization capacity. Sealer Plus BC was significantly more soluble than AH Plus (p<0.05) and presented volumetric change similar to AH Plus and TotalFill BC (p>0.05). Sealer Plus BC presented antibiofilm activity and no cytotoxic effect. In conclusion, although Sealer Plus BC had higher solubility, this sealer showed proper physicochemical properties, cytocompatibility, and antibiofilm activity.

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Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as propriedades físico-químicas, a citocompatibilidade e a atividade antibiofilme de um novo cimento endodôntico à base de silicato de cálcio, Sealer Plus BC (MK Life, Brasil), em comparação com TotalFill BC Sealer (FKG Dentaire SA, Suíça) e AH Plus (Dentsply, Alemanha). O tempo de presa e o escoamento foram avaliados com base nas normas ISO 6876. O pH foi avaliado após diferentes períodos, e a radiopacidade por análise radiográfica (mmAl). A solubilidade (% de perda de massa) e alteração volumétrica (por micro-CT) foram avaliadas após 30 dias de imersão em água destilada. Citocompatibilidade foi avaliada pelos ensaios metiltetrazólio (MTT) e vermelho neutro (NR), após exposição das células Saos-2 ao extrato de cimento por 24 horas. Análise adicional foi realizada através do ensaio MTT após 1, 3 e 7 dias de exposição das células Saos-2 aos extratos dos cimentos na diluição de 1:8. Atividade antibiofilme contra Enterococcus faecalis e/ou Candida albicans foi avaliada pelos ensaios cristal violeta e contato direto modificado. As propriedades físico-químicas foram analisadas utilizando os testes ANOVA e Tukey; MTT e NR foram analisados pelos testes ANOVA e Bonferroni; os ensaios antimicrobianos foram analisados pelos testes Kruskal-Wallis e Dunn (α=0.05). Sealer Plus BC apresentou tempo de presa, radiopacidade e escoamento adequados, além de capacidade de alcalinização. Sealer Plus BC foi significantemente mais solúvel que AH Plus (p<0.05) e apresentou alteração volumétrica similar à de AH Plus e TotalFill BC (p>0.05). Sealer Plus BC apresentou atividade antibiofilme, sem efeito citotóxico. Como conclusão, embora Sealer Plus BC apresente maior solubilidade, este cimento apresentou propriedades físico-químicas adequadas, citocompatibilidade e atividade antibiofilme.

Asunto(s)

Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/farmacología , Ensayo de Materiales , Silicatos/farmacología , Compuestos de Calcio/farmacología , Biopelículas , Resinas Epoxi

RESUMEN

Introdução: O tipo de agulha e fluxo de irrigação é importante para a limpeza adequada no terço apical do canal radicular. Objetivo: Avaliar a influência do tipo de agulha e fluxo de irrigação na limpeza do canal radicular e canais laterais simulados e na extrusão apical do irrigante. Métodos: Trinta e dois dentes de resina foram utiliza- dos. Após a instrumentação do canal radicular, foram feitos quatro canais laterais a 2 e 7 mm do ápice. Os canais radiculares foram preenchidos com solução de contraste. Os canais foram irrigados com dois tipos de agulha, 29G e 31G, com diferentes designs (abertura lateral e apical) e dois fluxos (2 ou 5 mL/min), a 1 mm aquém do comprimento de trabalho. O volume da solução de contraste nos canais principal e laterais após irrigação e a extrusão apical do irrigante (mm3 ) foi avaliado por micro-CT, em comparação com a análise inicial. Os dados em porcentagem foram analisados pelos testes ANOVA e Tukey (α=0,05). Resultados: não houve diferença entre os protocolos de irrigação para limpeza da solução de contraste. Maior volume de extrusão apical com agulha 29G com abertura apical e 5 mL/min foi observado, em comparação ao mesmo tipo de agulha e 2 mL/min (p<0,05). Conclusão: Todos os protocolos de irrigação foram associados à limpeza dos canais radiculares. Maior extrusão apical foi observada com agulha 29G ­ abertura apical com maior fluxo de irrigação (5 mL/min). Implicações clínicas: Irrigação endodôntica com agulha com abertura apical e maior fluxo da solução pode favorecer a extrusão dos irrigantes para os tecidos periapicais (AU).

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Introduction: needle and irrigation flow rate are important for proper cleaning of the root canal. Aim: to evaluate the influence of type of needle and irrigation flow rate on cleaning of root canal and simulated lateral canals and the apical extrusion of irrigant. Methods: Thirty-two resin teeth were used. After root canal instrumentation, four lateral canals were made at 2 and 7 mm from the apex. Root canals were filled with contrast solution. The root canals were irrigated with two types of needle, 29G and 31G, with different designs (side and apical opening) and two flow rates (2 or 5 mL/min), at 1 mm short of the working length. The volume of the contrast solution in the main and lateral canals after irrigation and apical extrusion of the irrigant (mm3) were evaluated by Micro-CT, in comparison with the initial analysis. Data in percentage were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukeys tests (α = 0.05). Results: no difference among the irrigation protocols for contrast solution cleaning was observed. Higher volume of apical extrusion using needle 29G-apical opening and 5 mL/min in comparison with the same type of needle and 2 mL/min was observed (p < 0.05). Conclusion: all irrigation protocols were associated with root canals cleaning. Greater apical extrusion was observed for needle 29G-apical opening with higher irrigation flow rate (5 mL/min). Clinical implications: endodontic irrigation using a needle with apical opening and higher flow rate of solution may favor extrusion of irrigant to the periapical tissues (AU).

Asunto(s)

Tejido Periapical , Irrigantes del Conducto Radicular , Microtomografía por Rayos X , Agujas , Cavidad Pulpar , Tareas del Hogar

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate tricalcium silicate-based (TCS) experimental materials, associated with zirconium oxide (ZrO2), calcium tungstate (CaWO4) or niobium oxide (Nb2O5) radiopacifiers, in comparison with MTA Repair HP (Angelus). METHODS: Physicochemical tests: setting time, radiopacity, pH and solubility. In vitro assays: cytotoxicity: MTT and Neutral Red - NR; cell bioactivity: alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), Alzarin red staining (ARS) and real time PCR (qPCR). Antibacterial activity: direct contact on Enterococcus faecalis in the planktonic form. Physicochemical and ARS data were submitted to ANOVA/Tukey tests; antibacterial activity, to Kruskall-Wallis and Dunn tests; MTT, NR, ALP and qPCR were analyzed by ANOVA/Bonferroni tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS: TCS + CaWO4 presented the longest setting time and MTA HP the shortest. Except for TCS, all the materials presented radiopacity above 3 mmAl. The cements had alkaline pH, antibacterial activity, low solubility and no cytotoxic effects. The highest ALP activity occurred in 14 days, especially to TCS, TCS + ZrO2 and TCS + CaWO4. TCS + ZrO2, TCS + Nb2O5 and MTAHP had higher mineralized nodule formation than those of the negative control (NC). After 7 days, there was no difference in mRNA expression for ALP, when compared to NC. However, after 14 days there was no overexpressed ALP mRNA, especially TCS + Nb2O5, in relation to the CN. All the materials presented antimicrobial action. SIGNIFICANCE: The pure tricalcium silicate associated with ZrO2, CaWO4 or Nb2O5 had appropriate physicochemical properties, antibacterial activity, cytocompatibility and induced mineralization in Saos-2, indicating their use as reparative materials.

Asunto(s)

Antiinfecciosos , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Compuestos de Calcio/farmacología , Cementos Dentales/farmacología , Combinación de Medicamentos , Ensayo de Materiales , Óxidos/farmacología , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/farmacología , Silicatos/farmacología

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: This study compared the flow and filling of several retrograde filling materials using new different test models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Glass plates were manufactured with a central cavity and 4 grooves in the horizontal and vertical directions. Grooves with the dimensions used in the previous study (1 × 1 × 2 mm; length, width, and height respectively) were compared with grooves measuring 1 × 1 × 1 and 1 × 2 × 1 mm. Biodentine, intermediate restorative material (IRM), and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) were evaluated. Each material was placed in the central cavity, and then another glass plate and a metal weight were placed over the cement. The glass plate/material set was scanned using micro-computed tomography. Flow was calculated by linear measurements in the grooves. Central filling was calculated in the central cavity (mm3) and lateral filling was measured up to 2 mm from the central cavity. RESULTS: Biodentine presented the least flow and better filling than IRM when evaluated in the 1 × 1 × 2 model. In a comparison of the test models, MTA had the most flow in the 1 × 1 × 2 model. All materials had lower lateral filling when the 1 × 1 × 2 model was used. CONCLUSIONS: Flow and filling were affected by the size of the test models. Higher grooves and materials with greater flow resulted in lower filling capacity. The test model measuring 1 × 1 × 2 mm showed a better ability to differentiate among the materials.

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Calcium silicate-based materials have been proposed as root canal sealers for root canal treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties of a new calcium silicate-based sealer (Bio-C Sealer; Angelus, PR, Brazil) compared with a calcium silicate endodontic sealer (TotalFill BC Sealer; FKG Dentaire SA, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland) and an epoxy resin sealer (AH Plus; Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany). METHODS: The setting time and flow were evaluated based on ISO 6876 standard. The pH value was evaluated after different time intervals of storage in deionized water (1, 7, 14, and 21 days). Radiopacity was evaluated by radiographic analysis in millimeters of aluminum. Solubility and volumetric change were evaluated after 30 days of immersion in distilled water. Solubility was assessed by mass loss (%), and volumetric change was evaluated by micro-computed tomographic imaging. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey statistical tests (P < .05). RESULTS: TotalFill BC Sealer and Bio-C Sealer were similar regarding radiopacity, volumetric change, and pH values (P > .05). Bio-C Sealer presented the shortest setting time and the highest flow and solubility (P < .05). AH Plus showed the highest radiopacity and the lowest flow, pH, solubility, and volumetric change (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Bio-C Sealer showed a short setting time, alkalinization ability, and adequate flow and radiopacity as well as low volumetric change. However, this sealer had higher solubility than the rates required by ISO 6876 standard.

Asunto(s)

Compuestos de Calcio , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular , Silicatos , Compuestos de Calcio/química , Combinación de Medicamentos , Resinas Epoxi , Ensayo de Materiales , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/química , Silicatos/química

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of peracetic acid (PAA) as a single irrigant on the smear layer, on the intraradicular dentinal bond strength, and on the penetrability of an epoxy-based resin sealer into the dentinal tubules. A total of 120 roots were distributed into 4 groups according to the irrigant used in root canal preparation: 1% PAA (PAA); 2.5% NaOCl followed by final irrigation with 17% EDTA and 2.5% NaOCl (NaOCl-EDTA-NaOCl); 2.5% NaOCl (NaOCl); and saline solution (SS). The smear layer was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. The bond strength of an epoxy-based resin sealer (AH Plus) to root dentin was evaluated by the push-out test and penetrability of the sealer into dentinal tubules was observed by confocal laser microscopy. The results were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and the Dunn post-test (α = 0.05). The use of 1% PAA as single root canal irrigant provided smear layer removal and improved the penetrability and bond strength of AH Plus to root dentin in a manner similar to that of the NaOCl-EDTA-NaOCl group (p > 0.05). The NaOCl and SS groups had higher values of smear layer and lower values of sealer penetrability and dentin bond strength than the PAA and NaOCl-EDTA-NaOCl groups (p < 0.05). Thus, 1% PAA has the potential to be used as a single irrigant in root canals.

Asunto(s)

Cavidad Pulpar/efectos de los fármacos , Dentina/efectos de los fármacos , Resinas Epoxi/química , Ácido Peracético/química , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/química , Irrigantes del Conducto Radicular/química , Capa de Barro Dentinario/química , Recubrimiento Dental Adhesivo/métodos , Cavidad Pulpar/química , Dentina/química , Ácido Edético/química , Humanos , Ensayo de Materiales , Microscopía Confocal , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Valores de Referencia , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Hipoclorito de Sodio/química

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and biofilm anti-adhesion activities of poly(vinyl alcohol)-coated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-PVA) and farnesol against Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. DESIGN: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum microbicidal concentration (MMC) of the solutions, as well as the effect on the biofilm biomass were evaluated. The biofilm anti-adhesion activity was evaluated using bovine root dentine treated with the solutions after 3 min of contact and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and by colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU mL-1) counting. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's, the paired Student's t-test or Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS: The MIC and MMC values (MIC/MMC) of the AgNPs-PVA and farnesol against E. faecalis were 42.5/50 µM and 0.85/1.0%, respectively. For C. albicans, the values were 27.5/37.5 µM and 1.75/2.5%; and for P. aeruginosa, 32.5/32.5 µM and 2.5/2.75%, respectively. Both solutions showed reduced biofilm biomass (p < 0.05). SEM analysis showed that dentine blocks treated with both solutions had lower biofilm formation than the control (saline), except for C. albicans. In the CFU mL-1 counting, biofilm cells were viable in the all groups in comparison with control (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: AgNPs-PVA and farnesol showed antimicrobial and biofilm anti-adhesion activities, as well as potential for use as coadjuvant in endodontic treatment, and may be an option as auxiliary procedure for root canal disinfection or to inhibit biofilm formation.

Asunto(s)

Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Farnesol/farmacología , Nanopartículas del Metal , Irrigantes del Conducto Radicular/farmacología , Plata/farmacología , Animales , Adhesión Bacteriana/efectos de los fármacos , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Bovinos , Cavidad Pulpar , Enterococcus faecalis/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efectos de los fármacos

RESUMEN

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of peracetic acid (PAA) as a single irrigant on the smear layer, on the intraradicular dentinal bond strength, and on the penetrability of an epoxy-based resin sealer into the dentinal tubules. A total of 120 roots were distributed into 4 groups according to the irrigant used in root canal preparation: 1% PAA (PAA); 2.5% NaOCl followed by final irrigation with 17% EDTA and 2.5% NaOCl (NaOCl-EDTA-NaOCl); 2.5% NaOCl (NaOCl); and saline solution (SS). The smear layer was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. The bond strength of an epoxy-based resin sealer (AH Plus) to root dentin was evaluated by the push-out test and penetrability of the sealer into dentinal tubules was observed by confocal laser microscopy. The results were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and the Dunn post-test (α = 0.05). The use of 1% PAA as single root canal irrigant provided smear layer removal and improved the penetrability and bond strength of AH Plus to root dentin in a manner similar to that of the NaOCl-EDTA-NaOCl group (p > 0.05). The NaOCl and SS groups had higher values of smear layer and lower values of sealer penetrability and dentin bond strength than the PAA and NaOCl-EDTA-NaOCl groups (p < 0.05). Thus, 1% PAA has the potential to be used as a single irrigant in root canals.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Ácido Peracético/química , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/química , Irrigantes del Conducto Radicular/química , Capa de Barro Dentinario/química , Cavidad Pulpar/efectos de los fármacos , Dentina/efectos de los fármacos , Resinas Epoxi/química , Valores de Referencia , Hipoclorito de Sodio/química , Ensayo de Materiales , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Recubrimiento Dental Adhesivo/métodos , Ácido Edético/química , Microscopía Confocal , Cavidad Pulpar/química , Dentina/química

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the absorption/fluid uptake, solubility and porosity of White mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Angelus, Biodentine (BIO), and zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Solubility was evaluated after immersion in distilled water for 7 and 30 days. Porosity was evaluated using digital inverted microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). For the fluid uptake test, specimens were immersed in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) for 1, 7, 14 and 28 days. Fluid absorption, solubility and porosity of the materials were measured after each period. Statistical evaluation was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests, with a significance level at 5%. RESULTS: After 7 and 30 days, BIO showed the highest solubility (p<0.05). All methods demonstrated that MTA had total porosity higher than BIO and ZOE (p<0.05). Micro-CT analysis showed that MTA had the highest porosity at the initial period, after its setting time (p<0.05). After 7 and 30 days, ZOE had porosity lower than MTA and BIO (p<0.05). Absorption was similar among the materials (p>0.05), and higher fluid uptake and solubility were observed for MTA in the fluid uptake test (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: BIO had the highest solubility in the conventional test and MTA had higher porosity and fluid uptake. ZOE had lower values of solubility, porosity and fluid uptake. Solubility, porosity and fluid uptake are related, and the tests used provided complementary data.

Asunto(s)

Compuestos de Aluminio/química , Compuestos de Calcio/química , Óxidos/química , Silicatos/química , Cemento de Óxido de Zinc-Eugenol/química , Análisis de Varianza , Combinación de Medicamentos , Inmersión , Ensayo de Materiales , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Porosidad , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Solubilidad , Propiedades de Superficie , Factores de Tiempo , Agua/química , Microtomografía por Rayos X

RESUMEN

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the absorption/fluid uptake, solubility and porosity of White mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Angelus, Biodentine (BIO), and zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE). Material and Methods: Solubility was evaluated after immersion in distilled water for 7 and 30 days. Porosity was evaluated using digital inverted microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). For the fluid uptake test, specimens were immersed in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) for 1, 7, 14 and 28 days. Fluid absorption, solubility and porosity of the materials were measured after each period. Statistical evaluation was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests, with a significance level at 5%. Results: After 7 and 30 days, BIO showed the highest solubility (p<0.05). All methods demonstrated that MTA had total porosity higher than BIO and ZOE (p<0.05). Micro-CT analysis showed that MTA had the highest porosity at the initial period, after its setting time (p<0.05). After 7 and 30 days, ZOE had porosity lower than MTA and BIO (p<0.05). Absorption was similar among the materials (p>0.05), and higher fluid uptake and solubility were observed for MTA in the fluid uptake test (p<0.05). Conclusions: BIO had the highest solubility in the conventional test and MTA had higher porosity and fluid uptake. ZOE had lower values of solubility, porosity and fluid uptake. Solubility, porosity and fluid uptake are related, and the tests used provided complementary data.

Asunto(s)

Óxidos/química , Cemento de Óxido de Zinc-Eugenol/química , Silicatos/química , Compuestos de Calcio/química , Compuestos de Aluminio/química , Solubilidad , Propiedades de Superficie , Factores de Tiempo , Ensayo de Materiales , Agua/química , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Análisis de Varianza , Porosidad , Combinación de Medicamentos , Microtomografía por Rayos X , Inmersión

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated setting time (ST), radiopacity, pH, flow, solubility, and volumetric change (VC) of a silicone, gutta-percha, and bioactive glass-based sealer, GuttaFlow Bioseal (GFB), and a calcium silicate-based sealer, TotalFill BC Sealer (TFBC), in comparison with AH Plus. METHODS: ST and flow were evaluated in accordance with the ISO 6876 Standard. pH was evaluated after different time intervals (1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days). Radiopacity was evaluated by radiographic analysis in millimeters of aluminum. Solubility was evaluated by means of mass loss (%) after 7 and 30 days of immersion in distilled water. VC was evaluated by micro-computed tomography, by using cavities 3 mm deep and 1 mm in diameter in acrylic resin, filled with the materials. The materials were evaluated after setting and after 7 and 30 days of immersion in distilled water. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey statistical tests (P < .05). RESULTS: TFBC demonstrated the highest pH and solubility. GFB had the shortest ST, and lowest radiopacity and flow values. VC was similar for the sealers in both time intervals. CONCLUSIONS: TFBC presented the highest pH and solubility, but showed similar VC to GFB and AH Plus. GFB showed proper physicochemical properties. Micro-computed tomography complements the physicochemical analysis of endodontic sealers.

Asunto(s)

Dimetilpolisiloxanos/química , Resinas Epoxi/química , Gutapercha/química , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/química , Compuestos de Calcio/química , Fenómenos Químicos , Combinación de Medicamentos , Vidrio/química , Ensayo de Materiales , Silicatos/química , Siliconas/química

RESUMEN

Introduction: Nanoparticles and associations to calcium hydroxide can be used to increase antimicrobial activity. Objective: To evaluate antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis and pH of intracanal medications (IM) based on calcium hydroxide (CH) and zinc oxide (ZnO) micro- or nanoparticles, and their association with 0.4% chlorhexidine (CHX). Material and method: Root canals from single-rooted human teeth were inoculated and incubated for 21 days. After sample (S1), the root canals were filled with the medications for 7 days and samples were collected immediately after medication (S2) and 7 days later (S3). Counting of CFU mL-1 was performed. Polyethylene tubes filled with the medications were used for the pH evaluation after 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests (p<0.05). Result: All IM promoted elimination of E. faecalis immediately after medication (S2). All the pastes promoted a similar pH increase. Conclusion: CH/ZnO micro- or nanoparticles associated with CHX promoted greater bacterial reduction in the root canals and similar pH.

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Introdução: Nanopartículas e associações ao hidróxido de cálcio podem ser usados para aumentar a ação antimicrobiana. Objetivo: Avaliar a atividade antibacteriana sobre Enterococcus faecalis e o pH de medicações intracanal (MI) à base de hidróxido de cálcio (HC) e óxido de zinco (OZn) micro- e nanoparticulado, e suas associações com clorexidina (CHX) a 0,4%. Material e método: Canais radiculares de dentes humanos unirradiculados foram inoculados e incubados por 21 dias. Após coleta (C1), os canais radiculares foram preenchidos com os medicamentos durante 7 dias e as amostras foram coletadas imediatamente após a medicação (C2) e 7 dias depois (C3). Contagem de UFC mL-1 foi realizada. Os tubos de polietileno preenchidos com os medicamentos foram utilizados para a avaliação do pH após 3, 7, 14 e 28 dias. Os dados foram submetidos aos testes de ANOVA e Tukey (p<0,05). Resultado: Todas as MI promoveram eliminação de E. faecalis imediatamente após a medicação (C2). Todas as pastas promoveram similar aumento de pH. Conclusão: HC/OZn micro- ou nanoparticulado associado com CHX promove maior redução bacteriana nos canais radiculares e pH similar.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Tratamiento del Conducto Radicular , Óxido de Zinc , Hidróxido de Calcio , Enterococcus faecalis , Nanopartículas , Antiinfecciosos , Diente , Clorhexidina , Análisis de Varianza , Endodoncia

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Flow and filling ability are important properties of endodontic materials. The aim of this study was to propose a new technique for evaluating flow using micro-computed tomographic (µCT) imaging. METHODS: A glass plate was manufactured with a central cavity and 4 grooves extending out horizontally and vertically. The flow of MTA-Angelus (Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil), zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE), and Biodentine (BIO) (Septodont, Saint Maur des Fossés, France) was evaluated using International Standards Organization (ISO) 6876/2002 and a new technique as follows: 0.05 ± 0.005 mL of each material was placed in the central cavity, and another glass plate and metal weight with a total mass of 120 g were placed over the material. The plate/material set was scanned using µCT imaging. The flow was calculated by linear measurement (mm) of the material in the grooves. Central cavity filling was calculated in mm3 in the central cavity. Lateral cavity filling (LCF) was measured by LCF mean values up to 2 mm from the central cavity. Data were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance and Tukey tests with a 5% significance level. RESULTS: ZOE showed the highest flow rate determined by ISO methodology (P < .05). Analysis performed using µCT imaging showed MTA-Angelus and ZOE had higher linear flow rates in the grooves. Central cavity filling was similar for the materials. However, LCF was higher for BIO versus ZOE. CONCLUSIONS: Although ZOE presented better flow determined by ISO methodology, BIO showed the best filling ability. The model of the technique proposed for evaluating flow using µCT imaging showed proper and reproducible results and could improve flow analysis.

Asunto(s)

Bismuto/química , Compuestos de Calcio/química , Óxidos/química , Reología/métodos , Silicatos/química , Endodoncia/métodos , Humanos , Microtomografía por Rayos X

RESUMEN

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Portland cement (PC) are calcium silicate cements. They have similar physicochemical, mechanical and biological properties. The addition of zirconium oxide (ZrO2) to PC provides radiopacity. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) may improve some properties of cements. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of AgNPs on physicochemical/mechanical properties and antibacterial activity of white MTA (WMTA) and PC associated with ZrO2. The following materials were evaluated: WMTA; PC 70% + ZrO2 30%; WMTA+ AgNPs; and PC 70% + ZrO2 30% + AgNPs. The study evaluated radiopacity, setting time, pH, compressive strength and solubility. For radiopacity analysis, radiographs were made alongside an aluminum (Al) step wedge. To evaluate the antibacterial activity, direct contact test was performed on planktonic cells and Enterococcus faecalis biofilm induced on bovine root dentin for 14 days. The experimental periods were 5 and 15 h. Data were obtained as CFU mL-1. The obtained data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests (p<0.05). The addition of AgNPs to WMTA increased the pH, lowered the solubility and the initial and final setting times. The addition of AgNPs to PC/ZrO2 maintained the pH, lowered the solubility, and increased the setting time and compressive strength. The radiopacity of all materials was higher than 4 mmAl. The addition of AgNPs promoted an increase in antibacterial activity for calcium silicate cements and favored the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the materials.

Asunto(s)

Antibacterianos/farmacología , Compuestos de Calcio/química , Cementos Dentales/química , Nanopartículas del Metal , Silicatos/química , Plata/química , Antibacterianos/química