RESUMEN
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel illness, which is not fully understood. Whether an individual has traveled outside their respective country or never left their community, COVID-19 is a highly contagious illness, which can result in high death rates. Biobanks will play a role in providing tools to examine data from those receiving treatment along with reviewing the current and long treatment outcomes associated with this novel coronavirus disease. A diverse, global network made up of laboratory scientists, clinical researchers, epidemiologists, data science teams, physicians, and so on must have a standardized, collaborative, virtual biobanking solution to share clinical expertise and evidence-based solutions. This virtual biobank must be centrally managed to ensure standardized quality assurance and quality control efforts. Virtual biobanks will eliminate the need to transport samples between two locations for a specific study, minimizing the risk of contamination. It is necessary for virtual biobanks to upload imaging data from those patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Standardized, collected information will be essential in the area of discovery and validation of disease markers as well as novel therapeutic strategies. It is essential for biobanks to collect COVID-19 specimens along with corresponding clinical and demographic data from COVID-19 diagnostic testing. Because COVID-19 is an acute respiratory illness, proper collection procedures must be in place to collect respiratory samples for biobanking purposes. A preconfigured purpose-built COVID-19 Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) is an efficient tool to seamlessly manage a data sharing network. Data entered into LIMS will be beneficial in designing much needed clinical trials to address any unmet needs to better address clinical treatment and outcomes. The partners or entities associated with the COVID-19 data sharing network will be able to effectively communicate, view data, and images associated with their respective research interest to advance COVID-19 research and data driven, clinical care.
Asunto(s)
Bancos de Muestras Biológicas , Investigación Biomédica , Prueba de COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Difusión de la Información , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/epidemiología , HumanosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy of supplementation of zinc, zinc plus vitamin A, and zinc plus combination of micronutrients and vitamins (iron, copper, selenium, vitamin B(12), folate, and vitamin A) on acute diarrhea in children. STUDY DESIGN: This was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Children aged 6 to 24 months with diarrhea and moderate dehydration were randomized to receive zinc plus placebo vitamin A (group 1), zinc plus other micronutrients plus vitamin A (group 2), zinc plus vitamin A (group 3), or placebo (group 4) as an adjunct to oral rehydration solution. Duration, volume of diarrhea, and consumption of oral rehydration solution were compared as outcome variables within the supplemented groups and with the placebo group. RESULTS: The 167 study subjects included 41 in group 1, 39 in group 2, 44 in group 3, and 43 in group 4. All 3 supplemented groups demonstrated a significant reduction in outcome variables (P < .0001) compared with the placebo group. Group 3 had the lowest reduction of outcome variables and group 2 had a speedy recovery, but differences among the supplemented groups were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Supplementation with a combination of micronutrients and vitamins was not superior to zinc alone, confirming the clinical benefit of zinc in children with diarrhea.
Asunto(s)
Diarrea/terapia , Suplementos Dietéticos , Micronutrientes/uso terapéutico , Vitamina A/uso terapéutico , Zinc/uso terapéutico , Enfermedad Aguda , Deshidratación/etiología , Deshidratación/terapia , Método Doble Ciego , Quimioterapia Combinada , Heces/microbiología , Heces/virología , Fluidoterapia , Humanos , Lactante , MasculinoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical efficacy of Lactobacillus sporogenes (Bacillus coagulans), as probiotic preparation, against dehydrating diarrhoea in children. METHODS: Double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, hospital-based clinical trial with children aged 6-24 months who had diarrhoea with some dehydration. Children received tablets of L. sporogenes (B. coagulans) or placebo (control group) and oral rehydration salt solution for correction of initial dehydration as well as maintenance therapy. Duration, frequency, volume of diarrhoea and intake of ORS of two groups were compared as outcome variables. RESULTS: One hundred and forty-eight children participated, of whom 78 (Study group) received L. sporogenes (B. coagulans) and 70 received placebo (Control group). Differences in recovery rate (P=0.2), duration (P=0.5), frequency (P=0.05), volume (P=0.1) of diarrhoea, intake of ORS (P=0.2) and other fluids (P=0.1) were not significant between both groups. Neither did a subgroup analysis of children who had rotavirus as sole enteropathogens show any significant differences in duration (P=0.5), frequency (P=0.6), volume (P=0.8) of diarrhoea, intake of ORS (P=0.8) and other fluids (P=0.8) among both groups. CONCLUSION: L. sporogenes (B. coagulans), as an adjunct to ORS, had no therapeutic impact on management of acute dehydrating diarrhoea of diverse etiology including rotavirus associated diarrhoea in children.
Asunto(s)
Diarrea Infantil/terapia , Lactobacillus , Probióticos/uso terapéutico , Enfermedad Aguda , Deshidratación/etiología , Diarrea Infantil/complicaciones , Diarrea Infantil/microbiología , Método Doble Ciego , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Infecciones por Rotavirus/terapia , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Epidemics of dengue outbreak are frequent in south-east Asian countries. Dengue is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in this region. This prospective observational study was done at Dr BC Roy Memorial for Children during the outbreak in 2005 in Kolkata to know the clinical pattern of dengue cases and to find the possible markers of development of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Two hundred and eighty seropositive cases of dengue were included in the study. Among paediatric population, 5 to 10 years age group was most commonly affected. One-sixth of the cases were from villages indicating the extension of the epidemic in rural areas. Abrupt onset of high fever, non-purulent conjunctival injection, erythematous lips, flushed appearance, myalgia, arthralgia, headache and thrombocytopenia were the predominant features. Rhinitis and pharyngitis were rarely found. Prolonged fever more than 7 days, flushed appearance, pharyngeal congestion, shock evidence, serous effusion, bleeding manifestations, thrombocytopenia, elevated liver enzymes and elevated PCV were associated with development of dengue haemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome.
Asunto(s)
Dengue/complicaciones , Dengue/epidemiología , Brotes de Enfermedades , Biomarcadores/sangre , Niño , Preescolar , Dengue/sangre , Dengue/fisiopatología , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , India/epidemiología , Lactante , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , Dengue Grave/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Noroviruses (NoVs) are one of the major causal agents of acute gastroenteritis among different age groups. Some of the recent studies reveal that NoV genome is highly prone to mutation and recombination which often leads to emergence of new strains. OBJECTIVES: To explore the genetic diversity of human Caliciviruses (HuCVs) among diarrhoeic children in Kolkata. STUDY DESIGN: The HuCVs were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of the partial RNA dependent RNA polymerase gene (RdRp) and capsid gene and confirmed by sequencing. The sequences were analyzed and the recombination point was detected. RESULTS: Faecal specimens of children (n=111) visiting outpatient department of Dr B. C. Roy Memorial Hospital for Children with acute gastroenteritis were studied: 22 cases were HuCV positive with 21 NoVs. Of these, 12 NoV cases (54.5%) were GII.4 and six cases showed 99% identity with the new variant Japanese strain Hu/NoV/GII.4/OC07138/JP. Three novel NoV GII inter-genotype recombinant strains V1628/IND, V1656/IND and V1737/IND were also detected. The RdRp region of V1628 showed 96% identity with Pont de Roide 673/FRN whereas capsid region resembled GII.7/Osaka F140/JPN strain (98%); the strain V1656 showed 98% identity with RdRp region of GII.4/Monastir 375/TUN but capsid region resembled GII.8/Leverkusen 267/DE (91%); the strain V1737 showed 88% identity with RdRp of GII.5/Minato 6/N1/6/JPN whereas capsid region resembled the GII.12/Gifu 96/JPN (93%). During characterization of Caliciviruses two strains of NoV GII.b and one strain of each NoV GI.1/V1622/06/IND, GI.3/V1707/07/IND, GII.3/V1668/IND, GII.16/V1729/IND, Sapovirus GII.1/V1716/IND were also detected. CONCLUSIONS: The emergence of new variant of GII.4/2007, three novel NoV GII inter-genotype recombinant strains and various other NoVs, indicates the remarkable genetic diversity of the HuCVs as diarrhoeagenic viruses circulating in Kolkata, India.