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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: IDS presented pathognomonic dilatation of the jejunum up to Meckel's diverticulum.IDS caused weight loss, decreased egg production, and increased culling and mortality.Chicken parvovirus (ChPV) was consistently detected through PCR assays.Chicken megrivirus (ChMV) was consistently detected through viral metagenomics.
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Pollos , Infecciones por Parvoviridae , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral , Animales , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/virología , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/patología , Pollos/virología , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/veterinaria , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/virología , Femenino , Parvovirus/genética , Parvovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Dilatación Patológica/veterinaria , Dilatación Patológica/virología , Yeyuno/virología , Yeyuno/patología , ParvovirinaeRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Arthropod-borne viruses, known as arboviruses, pose substantial risks to global public health. Dengue (DENV), Chikungunya (CHIKV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses stand out as significant concerns in Brazil and worldwide. Their overlapping clinical manifestations make accurate diagnosis a challenge, underscoring the need for reliable laboratory support. This study employs a comprehensive molecular diagnostic approach to track viral infections in individuals with acute febrile illness, a period marked by widespread outbreaks of DENV, CHIKV and ZIKV. METHODS: Between January and August 2016, we received a total of 713 serum samples obtained from individuals with acute febrile illness, previously tested for DENV, CHIKV or ZIKV, with initial negative results, from LACEN-NATAL. Of the total 713 samples, 667 were from females (354 of them pregnant) and 46 from males. Molecular diagnosis was conducted using the Multiplex RT-qPCR technique for simultaneous detection of DENV, CHIKV and ZIKV. Additionally, we performed differential diagnosis by RT-qPCR for other viruses of the Flavivirus, Alphavirus Enterovirus genera and qPCR for Primate Erythroparvovirus 1 (B19V) species, in accordance with Ministry of Health guidelines. RESULTS: Among the 713 cases, 78.2% tested positive for viral infections, including 48% with CHIKV viremia, 0.6% with DENV and 0.1% with ZIKV. Arboviral coinfections totaled 2.4%, including DENV-CHIKV (1.7%) and CHIKV-ZIKV (0.7%). Moreover, 8% exhibited B19V viremia. Simultaneous infections were identified in 17.5%, encompassing B19V-CHIKV (17.1%), B19V-DENV (0.1%), and B19V-ZIKV (0.3%) Triple infections were observed in 1.3% of cases with B19V-DENV-CHIKV (1%) and B19V-CHIKV-ZIKV (0.3%). CONCLUSION: Molecular testing demonstrated high efficacy in diagnosing prevalent arboviruses and detecting multiple coinfections. This approach helps to elucidate etiologies for symptomatic cases, especially during arbovirus outbreaks, and aids comprehensive surveillance. Our findings underscore the importance of monitoring co-circulating pathogens, such as B19V, with implications for clinical management, particularly in pregnant individuals. This study enhances our understanding of arbovirus epidemiology and reinforces the critical role of molecular diagnosis in disease surveillance and control.
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Arbovirus , Fiebre Chikungunya , Virus Chikungunya , Coinfección , Virus del Dengue , Dengue , Infección por el Virus Zika , Virus Zika , Masculino , Femenino , Animales , Fiebre Chikungunya/diagnóstico , Fiebre Chikungunya/epidemiología , Virus Zika/genética , Infección por el Virus Zika/diagnóstico , Infección por el Virus Zika/epidemiología , Arbovirus/genética , Dengue/epidemiología , Virus Chikungunya/genética , Virus del Dengue/genética , Viremia , Coinfección/diagnóstico , Coinfección/epidemiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Fiebre , PrimatesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Redondovirus (ReDoV) is a DNA virus present in the respiratory tract of many healthy individuals. Since SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, also primarily infects the same site, we evaluated whether ReDoV was present at increased frequency in patients with COVID-19 and influenced infection parameters. METHODS: Saliva samples were collected weekly from 59 individuals with COVID-19 and from 132 controls. ReDoV was detected by polymerase chain reaction and the genotypes were identified by metagenomics. Torque Teno Virus (TTV) in these samples were previously reported. RESULTS: ReDoV was detected in saliva more frequently from COVID-19 patients (72.9%) than from controls (50.0%) (p = 0.0015). There were no associations between ReDoV detection and either continuous or intermittent SARS-CoV-2 shedding, the duration of SARS-CoV-2 detection in saliva, patients' sex or if infection was by the B1 or Gamma strain. The two ReDoV strains, Brisavirus and Vientovirus, were present in equivalent frequencies in ReDoV-positive COVID-19 patients and controls. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the two ReDoV strains in Brazil were similar to strains previously detected on other continents. CONCLUSION: ReDoV expression in saliva is increased in males and females in Brazil with mild COVID-19 but its presence does not appear to influence properties of the SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Femenino , Masculino , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiología , Filogenia , SalivaRESUMEN
Phaeohyphomycosis is a fungal infection common in immunocompromised patients such as those with hematologic malignancies, transplant recipients or under prolonged corticosteroid use. Here we describe a rare case of phaeohyphomycosis due to Biatriospora mackinnonii in a kidney transplant patient. We confirmed B. mackinnonii identity by sequencing of the internal transcribed spaces (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and achieved a satisfactory therapeutic response with itraconazole administration.
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Human enteric adenovirus species F (HAdV-F) is one of the most common pathogens responsible for acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Brazil is a country with continental dimensions where continuous multiregional surveillance is vital to establish a more complete picture of the epidemiology of HAdV-F. The aim of the current study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology of HAdV-F using full-genome data in rural and low-income urban areas in northern Brazil. This will allow a genetic comparison between Brazilian and global HAdV-F strains. The frequency of HAdV-F infections in patients with gastroenteritis and molecular typing of positive samples within this period was also analysed. A total of 251 stool samples collected between 2010 and 2016 from patients with acute gastroenteritis were screened for HAdV-F using next-generation sequencing techniques. HAdV-F infection was detected in 57.8â% (145/251) of samples. A total of 137 positive samples belonged to HAdV-F41 and 7 to HAdV-F40. HAdV-F40/41 dual infection was found in one sample. Detection rates did not vary significantly according to the year. Single HAdV-F infections were detected in 21.9â% (55/251) of samples and mixed infections in 37.4â% (94/251), with RVA/HAdV-F being the most frequent association (21.5â%; 54/251). Genetic analysis indicated that the HAdV-F strains circulating in Brazil were closely related to worldwide strains, and the existence of some temporal order was not observed. This is the first large-scale HAdV-F study in Brazil in which whole-genome data and DNA sequence analyses were used to characterize HAdV-F strains. Expanding the viral genome database could improve overall genotyping success and assist the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)/GenBank in standardizing the HAdV genome records by providing a large set of annotated HAdV-F genomes.
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Infecciones por Adenovirus Humanos/epidemiología , Infecciones por Adenovirus Humanos/virología , Adenovirus Humanos/genética , Gastroenteritis/virología , Variación Genética , Adenovirus Humanos/clasificación , Adenovirus Humanos/aislamiento & purificación , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Brasil/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Biología Computacional , Estudios Transversales , Heces/virología , Femenino , Gastroenteritis/epidemiología , Genoma Viral , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Metagenómica , Persona de Mediana Edad , Epidemiología Molecular , Tipificación Molecular , Filogenia , Recombinación Genética , Estudios Retrospectivos , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Plasma from patients with dengue-like symptoms was collected in 2013 to 2016 from the Brazilian states of Tocantins and Amapa. 781 samples testing negative for IgM against Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya viruses and for flaviviruses, alphaviruses and enteroviruses RNA using RT-PCRs were analyzed using viral metagenomics. Viral particles-associated nucleic acids were enriched, randomly amplified, and deep sequenced in 102 mini-pools generating over 2 billion reads. Sequence data was analyzed for the presence of known and novel eukaryotic viral reads. Anelloviruses were detected in 80%, human pegivirus 1 in 19%, and parvovirus B19 in 17% of plasma pools. HIV and enteroviruses were detected in two pools each. Previously uncharacterized viral genomes were also identified, and their presence in single plasma samples confirmed by PCR. Chapparvovirus and ambidensovirus genomes, both in the Parvoviridae family, were partially characterized showing 33% and 34% identity in their NS1 sequences to their closest relative. Molecular surveillance using pre-existing plasma from febrile patients provides a readily scalable approach for the detection of novel, potentially emerging, viruses.
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Infecciones por Arbovirus/sangre , Densovirus/genética , Densovirus/fisiología , Metagenómica , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/sangre , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Brasil , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
We investigated an outbreak of exanthematous illness in Maceió by using molecular surveillance; 76% of samples tested positive for chikungunya virus. Genetic analysis of 23 newly generated genomes identified the East/Central/South African genotype, suggesting that this lineage has persisted since mid-2014 in Brazil and may spread in the Americas and beyond.