RESUMEN
Despite their economic importance worldwide, potato plants are sensitive to various abiotic constraints, such as drought and high temperatures, which cause significant losses in yields and tuber quality. Moreover, because of the climate change phenomenon, plants are frequently subjected to combined stresses, mainly high temperatures and drought. In this context, breeding for tolerant varieties should consider not only plant response to drought or high temperature but also to combined stresses. In the current study, we studied transgenic potato plants overexpressing an ethylene response transcription factor (TF; StERF94) involved in abiotic stress response signaling pathways. Our previous results showed that these transgenic plants display tolerance to salt stress more than wildtype (WT). In this work, we aimed to investigate the effects of drought, heat, and combined stresses on transgenic potato plants overexpressing StERF94 TF under in vitro culture conditions. The obtained results revealed that StERF94 overexpression improved the tolerance of the transgenic plants to drought, heat, and combined stresses through better control of the leaf water and chlorophyll contents, activation of antioxidant enzymes, and an accumulation of proline, especially in the leaves. Indeed, the expression level of antioxidant enzyme-encoding genes (CuZnSOD, FeSOD, CAT1, and CAT2) was significantly induced by the different stress conditions in the transgenic potato plants compared with the WT plants. This study further confirms that StERF94 TF may be implicated in regulating the expression of target genes encoding antioxidant enzymes.
Asunto(s)
Solanum tuberosum , Factores de Transcripción , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Solanum tuberosum/genética , Solanum tuberosum/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Sequías , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Calor , Estrés Fisiológico/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las PlantasRESUMEN
The nutritional enhancement of potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.,) is highly critical. As it is considered a worldwide basic vegetarian nutrition to maintain health. S. tuberosum is one of the foremost staples and the world's fourth-largest food crop. In advance, its need is increasing because of its high-industrial value and population blast. To improve both potato growth and behavior under harsh environmental conditions, we produced transgenic potato plants overexpressing either VvNHX (a sodium proton antiporter from Vitis vinifera), VvCLC (a chloride channel from Vitis vinifera), or both. Control and transgenic plants were grown in greenhouse and field under non-stressed conditions for 85 days in order to characterize their phenotype and evaluate their agronomical performance. To this aim, the evaluation of plant growth parameters, tuber yields and characteristics (calibers, eye number and color), the chemical composition of tubers, was conducted and compared between the different lines. The obtained results showed that transgenic plants displayed an improved growth (flowering precocity, gain of vigor and better vegetative growth) along with enhanced tuber yields and quality (increased protein and starch contents). Our findings provide then insight into the role played by the VvNHX antiport and the VvCLC channel and a greater understanding of the effect of their overexpression in potato plants.
Asunto(s)
Solanum tuberosum , Antiportadores/genética , Canales de Cloruro/genética , Canales de Cloruro/metabolismo , Canales de Cloruro/farmacología , Tubérculos de la Planta/metabolismo , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/genética , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/metabolismo , Intercambiadores de Sodio-Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Solanum tuberosum/genética , Solanum tuberosum/metabolismo , Almidón/metabolismoRESUMEN
Lipopeptides are diverse metabolites produced by various bacterial and fungal genera. They are known for their antimicrobial and surfactant activities with diverse environmental, pharmaceutical, and also agronomic applications as biocontrol agents. In this study, a PCR was used to confirm the presence of NRPS genes in Bacillus mojavensis I4. This bacterial strain could produce diverse lipopeptides which belong to the fengycin, and surfactin families. The antioxidant activity of I4 biosurfactants was determined through four different in vitro assays. Furthermore, antimicrobial activity assays indicated that I4 lipopeptides exhibited marked inhibitory activity against several bacterial and fungal strains. Further treatment of potato dry rot causative pathogen Fusarium solani with I4 lipopeptides demonstrated a remarkable reduction in the fungal penetration by almost 80% after 15 days of incubation. The findings suggest that I4 lipopeptide is a potential biocontrol agent during potato tuber storage.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos , Antioxidantes , Bacillus , Fusarium , Enfermedades de las Plantas , Solanum tuberosum , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Bacillus/metabolismo , Bacterias/metabolismo , Fusarium/metabolismo , Lipopéptidos/metabolismo , Lipopéptidos/farmacología , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Enfermedades de las Plantas/prevención & control , Solanum tuberosum/metabolismoRESUMEN
Potato plants are often exposed to biotic and abiotic stresses that negatively impact their growth, development, and yield. Plants respond to different stresses by inducing large numbers of stress-responsive genes, which can be either functional or regulatory genes. Among regulatory genes, Dehydration Responsive Element Binding (DREB) genes are considered as one of the main groups of transcriptional regulators. The overexpression of these factors in several transgenic plants leads to enhancement of abiotic stress tolerance. However, a number of reports showed that the overexpression of DREB factors under control of constitutive promoter, affects their morphology and production. Therefore, it becomes interesting to evaluate the effect of the overexpression of this StDREB1 transcription factor on plant growth, morphology, yield and tuber composition under both greenhouse and field culture conditions. To our knowledge, there is no available data on the effect of DREBA-4 overexpression on potato plants morphology and yield. Indeed, most studies focused on DREB genes from A-1 and A-2 groups for other plant species. Our results showed that StDREB1, a A-4 group of DREB gene from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), overexpressing plants did not show any growth retardation. On the contrary, they seem to be more vigorous, and produced higher tuber weight in greenhouse and field culture than the wild type (WT) plants. Moreover, the overexpression of StDREB1 transcription factor seemed to have an effect on tuber quality in terms of dry matter, starch contents and reducing sugars in comparison to the WT tubers. These data suggest that the StDREB1 gene from A-4 group of DREB subfamily can be a good candidate in potato breeding for stress tolerance.
Asunto(s)
Solanum tuberosum , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Fitomejoramiento , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Tubérculos de la Planta/genética , Tubérculos de la Planta/metabolismo , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/metabolismo , Solanum tuberosum/genética , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismoRESUMEN
Salinity is one of the most important constraints threatening the cultivation of potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.). It affects plant growth and leads to significant yield loss. Consequently, it is important to improve the tolerance of potato plants to salinity. In this context, we investigated the involvement of a potato ethylene responsive factor (StERF94) in plant response to salinity, since our previous genome-wide analysis showed that it may be related to biotic and abiotic stress response. ERF proteins belong to a large family of transcription factors that participate in plant response to abiotic stresses. We have previously identified the StERF94 gene which shows increased expression in potato plants submitted to salt treatment. In this study, transgenic potato plants overexpressing StERF94 were produced and submitted to salt treatment (100 mM NaCl) in vitro and under greenhouse culture conditions. StERF94 transgenic lines showed lower decrease of stem elongation under salt treatment in comparison to non-transgenic wild-type plants. Moreover, these plants showed a low level of H2O2 and Malondialdehyde content, and an increase in catalase and GPX (Gluthation peroxidase) activities compared to non-transgenic plants. In a second step, enhanced expression of some target genes for example CuZn-SOD, DHN25 (Dehydrin) and ERD (Early Responsive to Dehydration) was noted in the StERF94 transgenic plants, submitted to salt treatment. The StERF94 factor was also involved in the activation of osmoprotectant synthesis. Taken together, all these data suggest that overexpression of the StERF94 transcription factor increases the tolerance of potato plants to salinity by improving plant growth, osmoprotectant synthesis and antioxidant activityleading to low oxidative stress damage.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/genética , Solanum tuberosum/genética , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Adenosina Trifosfatasas/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Cloroplastos/genética , Etilenos/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , Genoma de Planta , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/crecimiento & desarrollo , Salinidad , Tolerancia a la Sal/genética , Cloruro de Sodio/farmacología , Solanum tuberosum/crecimiento & desarrollo , Estrés Fisiológico/genética , Superóxido Dismutasa/genéticaRESUMEN
The production of phosphoric acid from phosphate rock leads to an industrial by-product called phosphogypsum (PG). One ton of phosphoric acid generates 5 tons of PG that is frequently stocked near the production units. Several attempts were made to test PG valorization via soil amendment because of its phosphate, sulphate and calcium content. In this study, the use of PG in composting was envisaged. Composts were produced by mixing olive oil wastes and spent coffee grounds. Two concentrations of PG, 10% (A10) and 30% (A30), were tested in composting substrate in addition to control compost without PG (AT). After 8 months of fermentation, the resulting composts were used in field experiments using nine different treatments conducted to evaluate the potential use of these PG-containing composts in potato plant (cv. Spunta) cultivation. Plants were grown in the field and the different composts (AT, A10 and A30) were added as fertilizer and compared to commercial compost and cattle manure. During the culture period, a number of physiological (dry weight, chlorophyll content, tuber yield) and biochemical parameters (antioxidant activities, mineral content, starch and protein content) were followed. Similarly, chlorophyll content was measured in plants cultivated on commercial or PG supplemented composts. An increment of 55.17% in potato yield was recorded with the use of A30 the compost. Collectively, these data reveal the positive impact of the addition of PG in composting which may be adopted as a strategy for PG valorization and its use for the production of high quality edible products.
Asunto(s)
Sulfato de Calcio , Compostaje , Estiércol , Fósforo , Suelo , Solanum tuberosum/crecimiento & desarrollo , Animales , BovinosRESUMEN
Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins were first described as accumulating late in plant seed development. They were also shown to be involved in plant responses to environmental stress and as well as in bacteria, yeast and invertebrates. They are known to play crucial roles in dehydration tolerance. This study describes a genome-wide analysis of LEA proteins and the corresponding genes in Solanum tuberosum. Twenty-nine LEA family members encoding genes in the Solanum genome were identified. Phylogenetic analyses allowed the classification of the potato LEA proteins into nine distinct groups. Some of them were identified as putative orthologs of Arabidopsis and rice LEA genes. In silico analyses confirmed the hydrophilicity of most of the StLEA proteins, whereas some of them can be folded. The in silico expression analyses showed that the identified genes displayed tissue-specific, stress and hormone-responsive expression profiles. Five StLEA classified as dehydrins were selected for expression analyses under salt and drought stresses. The data revealed that they were induced by both stresses. The analyses indicate that several factors such us developmental stages, hormones, and dehydration, can regulate the expression and activities of LEA protein. This report can be helpful for the further functional diversity studies and analyses of LEA proteins in potato. These genes can be overexpressed to improve potato abiotic stress response.
Asunto(s)
Adaptación Fisiológica/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Genoma de Planta , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Semillas/genética , Solanum tuberosum/genética , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Mapeo Cromosómico , Desecación , Sequías , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Oryza/genética , Oryza/metabolismo , Filogenia , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Pliegue de Proteína , Semillas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Semillas/metabolismo , Solanum tuberosum/clasificación , Solanum tuberosum/metabolismo , Estrés FisiológicoRESUMEN
The ERF transcription factors belong to the AP2/ERF superfamily, one of the largest transcription factor families in plants. They play important roles in plant development processes, as well as in the response to biotic, abiotic, and hormone signaling. In the present study, 155 putative ERF transcription factor genes were identified from the potato (Solanum tuberosum) genome database, and compared with those from Arabidopsis thaliana. The StERF proteins are divided into ten phylogenetic groups. Expression analyses of five StERFs were carried out by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and compared with published RNA-seq data. These latter analyses were used to distinguish tissue-specific, biotic, and abiotic stress genes as well as hormone-responsive StERF genes. The results are of interest to better understand the role of the AP2/ERF genes in response to diverse types of stress in potatoes. A comprehensive analysis of the physiological functions and biological roles of the ERF family genes in S. tuberosum is required to understand crop stress tolerance mechanisms.