RESUMEN
Jules Cotard (1840-1889), a Parisian neurologist, described a syndrome of delirium negations which was later named after him. Some physicians in antiquity and medieval times, especially in Asia, have noticed this syndrome and categorized it as a symptom of melancholy. They have presented it as a "walking corpse syndrome", inflicting most probably veteran soldiers after suffering during ferocious battles, presenting the first cases of a post war traumatic stress disorder. Philotimus (3rd-2nd century BC) was the first to record it around 3rd century BC, and proposed a simple but pioneering treatment, by just putting a lead hat on the men's heads. Although various combined treatment strategies were proposed by modern psychiatry including pharmaceutical, electroconvulsive therapy, behavioural therapy and supportive psychotherapy, it seems that in antiquity a simple external intervention of supportive therapy was the main concept of confrontation, while drug administration was to be avoided.
Asunto(s)
Deluciones/historia , Deluciones/terapia , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/historia , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/terapia , Historia Antigua , Historia Medieval , HumanosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The aim of the present study is to present an historical overview of the innovations in ocular surgery introduced by the very important surgeon, but mainly unknown, Philip Henry Mules (1843-1905). METHODS: Philip Henry Mules introduced the Mules' evisceration operation and the Mules' ptosis operation. He also invented surgical instruments such as Mules' scoop, Mules' repository, and Mules' enucleation scissors. He was interested also in ocular infection. RESULTS: Many of the innovations in ocular surgery introduced by Philip Henry Mules are still in use. CONCLUSIONS: Philip Henry Mules (1843-1905) was a respectable English ophthalmologist, who despite his short life, only 62-years-old, his innovations in ocular surgery were considered a breakthrough in the late nineteenth century, because in almost every textbook of ophthalmology they were cited and deserved a great merit.
Asunto(s)
Blefaroptosis/historia , Evisceración del Ojo/historia , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Oftalmológicos/historia , Oftalmología/historia , Instrumentos Quirúrgicos/historia , Blefaroptosis/cirugía , Inglaterra , Historia del Siglo XIX , Historia del Siglo XXRESUMEN
Carl Ferdinand von Arlt, Ritter von Bergschmidt (1812-1887) was a pioneer in ophthalmology. The purpose of our paper is to highlight his scientific work. He did not only introduce new surgical techniques and invent new instruments in ocular surgery, but also influenced the development of ophthalmology in the 19th century. He was an excellent and reputable professor of ophthalmology, and his students became very respected figures in ophthalmology.
Asunto(s)
Oftalmología/historia , Austria-Hungría , Checoslovaquia , Oftalmopatías/historia , Oftalmopatías/cirugía , Historia del Siglo XIX , HumanosRESUMEN
Eugène Louis Doyen (1859-1916) is considered as the reformer of French surgery at the end of 19th and early 20th century. Although he had a short life, dying at the age of 57, he left his mark in the history of French medicine and especially surgery, not only because he introduced many new medical instruments but also for his innovative idea to introduce cinematography in surgical education, which is crucial until today in the education of every surgeon in the world.