RESUMEN
Paradichlorobenzene (pDCB) has been used as a space deodorant and moth repellant, as well as an intermediate in the chemical industry. Given its broad applications and high volatility, considerable concern exists regarding the adverse health effects of pDCB in the home and the workplace. In this study, changes in lipid peroxidation, antioxidants, and trace element levels in the liver and kidney of pDCB-treated mice were investigated to determine their roles in toxicity. Mice were orally gavaged once daily for seven consecutive days with pDCB (0 (corn oil control), 450, and 900 mg/kg). The level of malondialdehyde (MDA), an end product of lipid peroxidation, markedly increased in the high-dose pDCB group in both the liver and kidney compared with the control group. Changes in hepatic levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the pDCB groups were indistinguishable from the control group, while renal levels of reduced GSH in the high-dose pDCB group were significantly lowered in comparison to the control and the low-dose groups. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the liver of mice treated with pDCB showed a downward trend, whereas there was no consistent trend associated with changes in SOD activity in the kidney. Additionally, renal iron levels in the high-dose pDCB group were significantly decreased compared with the low-dose group and the controls, whereas hepatic iron content in the low-dose pDCB group was significantly lower compared with the controls. Selenium and zinc levels in the kidney were both significantly decreased in the high-dose pDCB group vs. the control and low-dose groups. There were no treatment-induced changes in copper levels in either the kidney or liver. However, a significant increase was found in the liver zinc/copper ratio in the high-dose pDCB group vs. the controls. In addition, blood zinc levels showed a downward trend with increased pDCB dosage. These results suggest that pDCB toxicity is mediated by oxidative damage and tissue-specific alterations in trace element levels both in the liver and the kidney of mice.
Asunto(s)
Clorobencenos/toxicidad , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Oligoelementos/metabolismo , Animales , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Carcinógenos/administración & dosificación , Carcinógenos/toxicidad , Clorobencenos/administración & dosificación , Cobre/sangre , Cobre/metabolismo , Femenino , Glutatión/metabolismo , Hierro/sangre , Hierro/metabolismo , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Riñón/metabolismo , Riñón/patología , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/patología , Masculino , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Ratones , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , Selenio/sangre , Selenio/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Zinc/sangre , Zinc/metabolismoRESUMEN
A kind of amphiphilic derivatives of chitosan (2-hydroxyl-3-butoxyl)-propylcarboxymethyl-chitosan (HBP-CMCHS), has been synthesized, and the critical micelle concentration (cmc) of HBP-CMCHS was detected by the fluorescence method. The puerarin-loaded HBP-CMCHS micellar system was prepared by physical entrapped method. Result showed that when adding the same amount of puerarin, the solubilizing capacity was enhanced by increasing the concentration of HBP-CMCHS and temperature. Puerarin-loaded micellar system of HBP-CMCHS was characterized by TEM and DLS. TEM photograph revealed that the micelles were spherical and puerarin was solubilized in the cores of the spherical polymeric micelles. DLS showed that after solubilization the size of the micelles became bigger. In vitro tests showed that puerarin was slowly released from micellar solution and the release lasted up to 60 h by means of the dialysis method.