RESUMEN

Objective Study the endobronchial ultrasound features of mediastinal tubercular lymphadenopathy and sarcoidosis to probe a new method for the differential diagnosis. Methods The endobronchial ultrasound features of 74 lymph nodes in 16 mediastinal tubercular lymphadenopathy and 30 sarcoidosis patients diagnosed in our department were studied retrospectively, and the sizes, borders, fusion and echo features of mediastinal tubercular lymphadenopathy were compared to sarcoidosis. Results Both of the long size and the short size of mediastinal tubercular lymphadenopathy were smaller than sarcoidosis [(15.77 ± 4.10) vs (19.76 ± 5.83), t = 3.28, P = 0.021;(12.67 ± 4.09) vs (16.81 ± 5.54), t = 3.56, P = 0.001]. And the following features were statistically significant of tubercular lymphadenopathy as compared to sarcodosis: indistinct borders, fusion of lymph nodes, hyperechoic echotexture and patchy anechoic/hypoechoic areas [50.0% (11/22) vs 17.3% (9/52), χ2 = 8.38, P = 0.004; 18.2%(4/22) vs 0.0% (0/52), P = 0.008; 50.0% (11/22) vs 0.0% (0/52), P = 0.000; 63.6% (14/22) vs 0.0% (0/52), P = 0.000, respectively). However, there was no significant difference in the existence of central hilar structure [9.1% (2/22) vs 19.2% (10/52), P = 0.491] between mediastinal tubercular lymphadenopathy and sarcoidosis. Conclusions The endobronchial ultrasound features of mediastinal lymph nodes, including sizes, borders, fusion, hyperechoic echotexture and patchy anechoic/hypoechoic areas are helpful in the differential diagnosis of mediastinal tubercular lymphadenopathy and sarcoidosis.

RESUMEN

Cigarette smoking is the major risk factor for smoking-related interstitial fibrosis (SRIF). Despite recent advances, the molecular mechanisms involved in the initiation and progression of this disease remain elusive. We found 6 months of chronic mainstream smoking exposure induced SRIF in C57 mice, which was associated with pronounced enhanced oxidative stress, bronchoalveolar inflammation and fibrosis but not apoptosis of alveolar septal cell. We used Affymetrix microRNA (miRNA) arrays to determine the temporal alteration in global gene expression of peripheral blood during the progression of diffuse pulmonary interstitial fibrosis in C57 mice. Microarray analysis revealed the upregulation of 3 miRNAs (miR-92b, miR-700 and miR-668) and the downregulation of 5 miRNAs (let-7e, miR-142-5p, miR-350, miR-19a and miR191*) in the peripheral blood of mice exposed to mainstream smoking for 1, 2, 3 and 6 months. We proposed that circulating miRNAs might be promising biomarkers to reflect the dynamic pathological changes of SRIF related interstitial fibrosis.

Asunto(s)

Biomarcadores/sangre , Enfermedades Pulmonares Intersticiales/patología , MicroARNs/sangre , MicroARNs/genética , Fibrosis Pulmonar/patología , Fumar/efectos adversos , Animales , Apoptosis , Peso Corporal , Regulación hacia Abajo , Etiquetado Corte-Fin in Situ , Inflamación , Enfermedades Pulmonares Intersticiales/etiología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Análisis por Micromatrices , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Fibrosis Pulmonar/etiología , Factores de Riesgo , Regulación hacia Arriba

RESUMEN

Smoking, leading to over 438,000 annual deaths in the US and 92 billion US dollars in lost productivity, is an important risk factor for several diseases. Global smoking statistics for 2002 have shown that 80,000 to 100,000 children worldwide start smoking every day. Human biomonitoring nowadays has provided an efficient and cost-effective means of measuring human exposures and biological effects of smoking. To review the utility of biomarkers in reflecting the hazard from cigarette smoking, we comprehensively searched the Cochrane Library, Medline and EMbase from 1966 to May 2010 with the language limit of English. We found that the currently used biomarkers, such as tobacco-specific metabolites, smoking-induced genotoxic products, may not scientifically reflect the hazard from cigarette smoking. More research is needed to find out more effective biomarkers for estimating hazards from cigarette smoking. This paper is expected to help researchers understand the current utilization of biomarkers related to cigarette smoking and to provide suggestive guides to tobacco companies in producing less-toxic cigarettes, thus to provide a safe way to smoke.

Asunto(s)

Biomarcadores/sangre , Fumar/efectos adversos , Contaminación por Humo de Tabaco/efectos adversos , Tabaquismo/sangre , Cotinina/sangre , Aductos de ADN/sangre , Bases de Datos Bibliográficas , Humanos , Breas/análisis , Tabaquismo/etiología

RESUMEN

Objective To investigate an ideal way to reconstruct the digestive canal after total gastrectomy. Methods The clinical data of 87 cases with gastric cancer confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed between May 2003 and Jan 2009, and every patient was subjected to P style of total gastrectomy and digestive canal reconstruction by using jejunum. The diet,symptoms and the body weight were observed. Results In the 87 cases, there was no death causalgia behind sternum. During the follow-up period in the patients with the survival time more than one year, the meal habit was recovered. No reflux symptom was found. The body weight increased in all patients. Conclusions P style operation in gastric cancer is easy and safe to perform. Reflux esophagitis and dumping syndrome seldom developed. "P"jejunal ansa basically played the role in preservation and nutrition of stomach,so this was an ideal way to reconstruct the digestive canal after total gastrectomy.