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This study focuses on the second round of Taiwanese teacher preparation program (TPP) evaluation (2012-2017) to analyze how evaluation policy shapes TPPs. In-depth interviews were conducted with 13 stakeholders, which included professors, administrators, researchers, and staff involved in TPP evaluation. First, the findings revealed that neoliberalism influences evaluation policy and restricts the diversity of TPP development. Second, different evaluation approaches may be used to bring more inclusiveness and flexibility to evaluation standards. Third, evaluation plays an important role in TPP development, and a professional organization responsible for evaluation should be established in Taiwan in the future. To conclude, it is significant for TPP evaluation policy to consider policy ideology, evaluation standards, and program diversity to aid in improving the quality of teacher education not only in Taiwan but also internationally.

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Under the condition that the working face was directly covered with hard roof, the abrupt breaking of hard roof release significant amount of energy, thus prone to triggering dynamic disasters such as roadway instability or rockburst. This paper based on the engineering background of the Xieqiao Coal Mine's 11,618 working face, a numerical simulation method was put forward to study the dynamic response of roadway under the disturbance of hard roof breaking and proposed an evaluation index IC for roadway stability. Research indicates that the elastic energy released during the periodic weighting of the hard roof is higher than that released during the first weighting. Under the dynamic disturbance caused by hard roof breaking, the peak stresses of the roadway was slight decreased, accompanied by a significant increase in the range of stress concentration and plastic zone expansion. Roadway deformation patterns are significantly influenced by hard roof breaking, with noticeable increases in deformation on the roof and right side. During the period of hard roof breaking, the possibility of instability of the roadway increase significantly due to the disturbance caused by the dynamic load. The research results reveal the instability mechanism of roadway under the condition of hard roof, and provide a more reliable basis for evaluating the stability of roadway.

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The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), a prominent intracellular DNA sensor in mammalian cells, controls the innate immune response and the stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-mediated synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as type-I interferon (IFN-I). For decades, IFN-I has been hypothesized to be essential in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a chronic multisystem autoimmunity characterized by immune complex (IC) deposition in small vessels. Recent findings revealed that the activation of the cGAS-STING pathway by self-DNA would propagate the autoimmune responses via upregulating IFN-I production in SLE. In this review, we aimed to provide a comprehensive outlook of the role of the cGAS-STING pathway in SLE pathobiology, as well as, a better understanding of current therapeutic opportunities targeting this axis.

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NHX proteins are transmembrane antiporters belonging to the cation/proton antiporter gene family, with a conserved Na+ (K+)/H+ exchange (PF00999) protein domain. NHXs play a prominent role in plant growth, development, and defense. However, the role of NHX gene family in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is yet to be known. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide analysis of the potato NHX gene family. A total of 25 StNHX family members were identified to be unevenly distributed on 10 chromosomes. The proteins ranged in length from 252 to 1,153 amino acids, with molecular masses ranging from 27516.32 to 127860.87 kD, and isoelectric points (pI) ranging from 4.96 to 9.3. Analyses of gene structures and conserved motifs indicated that StNHX genes in the same phylogenetic cluster are conserved. Phylogenetic analysis divided the StNHX genes into three subfamilies (Classes I, II, and III). Synteny analysis indicated that StNHX gene family Class III of NHX and all Arabidopsis thaliana NHXs shared a close evolutionary relationship. Analysis of cis-acting elements in the upstream 1,500 bp promoter region of potato NHX genes showed that these genes could be regulated by light, stress, and hormones such as abscisic acid and gibberellic acid. Protein-protein interaction network analysis indicated that StNHX proteins may participate in the regulation of potato growth and stress response. Besides, To determine a potential role of these genes in tissue development and drought response, we analyzed the RNA-seq data of different DM potato tissues. The results showed that NHX genes exhibited distinct tissue-specific expression patterns. We further examined the expression patterns of StNHX in different tissues (leaves, roots, shoots, tubers, stolons, and flowers) during the flowering stage in 'Jizhangshu NO.8.' potato. The qRT-PCR results further confirmed the importance of StNHX genes in potato plant growth and development. We further analyzed the RNA-seq data (DM potato) under different abiotic stresses (salt, drought, and heat), and found that the expression of StNHX genes was induced under abiotic stress. qRT-PCR analysis of shoots and roots of 'Jizhangshu NO.8.' potato treated for 0, 6, 12, and 24 h with 15% PEG6000 confirmed that the 25 StNHX genes are involved in the response to drought stress in potato. The results of this study may be useful for selecting appropriate candidate genes for the breeding of new drought-tolerant potato varieties. Furthermore, this study lays a foundation for prospective analysis of StNHX gene functions.

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Coagulation alterations manifest early after severe burns and are closely linked to mortality outcomes. Nevertheless, the precise characterization of coagulation changes associated with early mortality remains elusive. We examined alterations in indicators linked to mortality outcomes at both the transcriptomic and clinical characteristic levels. At the transcriptomic level, we pinpointed 28 differentially expressed coagulation-related genes (DECRGs) following burn injuries and endeavored to validate their causal relationships through Mendelian randomization. DECRGs tied to survival exhibit a significant association with neutrophil function, wherein the expression of CYP4F2 and P2RX1 serves as robust predictors of fatal outcomes. In terms of clinical indicators, early levels of D-dimer and alterations in serum calcium show a strong correlation with mortality outcomes. Coagulation depletion and fibrinolytic activation, stemming from the hyperactivation of coagulation pathways post-severe burns, are strongly linked to patient mortality. Monitoring these early coagulation markers with predictive value can effectively identify individuals necessitating priority critical care.

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Carbonaceous aerosols (CA) from anthropogenic emissions have been significantly reduced in urban China in recent years. However, the relative contributions of fossil and nonfossil sources to CA in rural and background regions of China remain unclear. In this study, the sources of different carbonaceous fractions in fine aerosols (PM2.5) from five background sites of the China Meteorological Administration Atmosphere Watch Network during the winter of 2019 and 2020 were quantified using radiocarbon (14C) and organic markers. The results showed that nonfossil sources contributed 44-69% to total carbon at these five background sites. Fossil fuel combustion was the predominant source of elemental carbon at all sites (73 ± 12%). Nonfossil sources dominated organic carbon (OC) in these background regions (61 ± 13%), with biomass burning or biogenic-derived secondary organic carbon (SOC) as the most important contributors. However, the relative fossil fuel source to OC in China (39 ± 13%) still exceeds those at other regional/background sites in Asia, Europe, and the USA. SOC dominated the fossil fuel-derived OC, highlighting the impact of regional transport from anthropogenic sources on background aerosol levels. It is therefore imperative to develop and implement aerosol reduction policies and technologies tailored to both the anthropogenic and biogenic emissions to mitigate the environmental and health risks of aerosol pollution across China.

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@#Objective     To investigate the effects of different types of tricuspid regurgitation, implantation positions, and device models on the treatment outcomes of K-Clip for tricuspid regurgitation using numerical simulations. Methods     Three-dimensional reconstruction of the heart model was performed based on CT images. Two different regurgitation orifices were obtained by modifying the standard parameterized tricuspid valve leaflets and chordae tendineae. The effects of different K-Clip models at different implantation positions (posterior leaflet midpoint, anterior-posterior commissure, anterior leaflet midpoint, posterior septal commissure) were simulated using commercial explicit dynamics software Ls-Dyna. Conclusion     For the two types of regurgitation in this study, clipping at the posterior leaflet midpoint resulted in a better reduction of the regurgitation orifice (up to 75% reduction in area). Higher clamping forces were required for implantation at the anterior leaflet midpoint and posterior septal commissure, which was unfavorable for the smooth closure of the clipping components. There was no statistical difference in the treatment outcomes between the 18T and 16T K-Clip components, and the 16T component required less clamping force. Therefore, the use of the 16T K-Clip component is recommended.

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OBJECTIVE To analyze the chemical constituents and components absorbed into plasma of the extract of Ardisia crenata and to elucidate its possible pharmacodynamic material basis. METHODS Overall， 12 rats were randomly assigned to the blank group （n＝6） and A. crenata group （n＝6） by the paired comparison method. The drug was administered once daily in the morning and afternoon for three days. Serum samples were prepared from serum after redosing on 4th day. The UPLC-QE-HF-MS/ MS was used to analyze and identify the chemical constituents in A. crenata extract and serum samples. Compound Discoverer 3.0 was employed for retention time correction， peak identification， and peak extraction. According to the secondary mass spectrometry information， the Thermo mzCloud online and Thermo mzVault local databases， referring to the relevant literature and control quality spectrum information were used to preliminarily identify the chemical constituents and components absorbed into plasma of A. crenata. RESULTS A total of 34 compounds were identified from the extract of A. crenata， mainly coumarins， flavonoids， organic acids， amino acids， including bergenin， quercetin， gallic acid， L-pyroglutamic acid， etc. Besides， 5 components absorbed into plasma were identified from serum samples: L-pyroglutamic acid， syringic acid， bergenin， cinnabar root saponin A， and mycophenolic acid. CONCLUSIONS L-pyroglutamic acid， syringic acid， bergenin， cinnabar root saponin A， and mycophenolic acid may act as the pharmacodynamic material basis of A. crenata.

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Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of pulpotomy in patients of different ages and to explore the occurrence and characteristics of pulpal calcification.Methods:A total of 77 patients who underwent pulpotomy for mature permanent premolars and molars with caries-derived pulp exposure in the Department of General Dentistry,Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from October 2019 to August 2022 were selected.Pulpotomies were performed in a single visit using iRoot BP Plus bioceramic material as pulp capping agent.The patients were divided into three groups according to age:25 cases in the adolescent group(11-20 years old)with a mean age of(15.88±2.19)years;27 cases in the middle-aged group(21-50 years old)with a mean age of(34.59±8.67)years;and 25 cases in the elder-aged group(51-83 years old)with a mean age of(63.84±7.40)years.The patients were reviewed 1 year after the operation to evaluate the clinical efficacy and to record the formation of calcified bridge,thickness of calcified bridge,and pulp calcification index(PCI).Results:There was no statisti-cally significant difference between the three groups in terms of gender,dentition,and tooth position(P＞0.05).The 1-year postoperative follow-up rate was 85.71％(66/77),including 88.00％(22/25)in the adolescent group,85.19％(23/27)in the middle-aged group,and 84.00％(21/25)in the elder-aged group.The 1-year follow-up clinical success rates of the three groups were 95.45％(21/22),91.30％(21/23),and 95.24％(20/21),respectively,with no statistically significant difference(P＞0.05).Among the clinical success cases,calcified bridges appeared in 12 cases(57.14％,12/21)in the adolescent group,8 cases(38.10％,8/21)in the middle-aged group,and 3 cases(15.00％,3/20)in the elder-aged group,with statistically significant differences(x2=7.810,P=0.020＜0.05).The difference was statistically significant(F=4.434,P=0.020＜0.05)when comparing the thickness of calcified bridges among the three groups.Calcified bridge thickness was negatively corre-lated with age(r=-0.516,P＜0.05).The changes in pulpal calcification index ΔPCI were 0.67±0.58,0.43±0.51,and 0.25±0.52,respectively,with statistically significant differences among the three groups(F=3.404,P=0.040＜0.05).Conclusion:Pulpotomy for caries-derived pulp exposure in elderly patients could also achieve a high success rate.The incidence of calcified bri-dges after pulpotomy and the acceleration of pulpal calcification were age-related.The adolescent group was more likely to form calcified bridges and also showed more pronounced accelerated root canal calcifi-cation.

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Objective To investigate the effect of silencing alpha tubulin acetyltransferase 1(α-TAT1)on migration behavior of endothelial cells induced by hepatopulmonary syndrome(HPS).Methods Online database Tabula Muris was used to analyze the expression of α-TAT1 in various cell subsets in the lungs.Twenty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into control group(Sham group,n=6)and common bile duct ligation group(HPS group,n=18).The rats in HPS group were euthanasized at 2 and 4 weeks after modelling,and then the expression of α-TAT1 in pulmonary vascular endothelial cells was detected by immunofluorescence colocalization.The sera from the Sham and HPS rats were used to stimulate human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)for 12 and 24 h,respectively.Then the obtained HUVECs were divided into 4 groups:Sham serum+siRNA NC group,Sham serum+siRNA α-TAT1 group,HPS serum+siRNA NC group,HPS serum+siRNA α-TAT1 group.The expression levels of α-TAT1 and Ace-α-tubulin in HUVECs were detected by Western blotting.Immunofluorescence assay was applied to observe the levels of polymerized microtubules of α-Tubulin in HUVECs after nocodazole(10 μmol/L)pretreatment to evaluate the stability of microtubule structure.Cell scratch assay combined with cell immunofluorescence assay was employed to observe the nuclear localization of Golgi apparatus and cell migration ability of HUVECs.The angiogenesis ability of HUVECs was tested by in vitro angiogenesis test.Results In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that the expression of α-TAT1 in endothelial cells was significantly increased after HPS inducement.The expression levels of α-TAT1 and Ace-α-tubulin were significantly down-regulated,and the stability of microtubules was weakened in the siRNA α-TAT1 interference group(P＜0.01).In addition,the distribution of GM 130 labeled Golgi apparatus in the protrusion of HUVECs was down-regulated in the siRNAα-TAT1 interference group,as well as the migration ability(P＜0.01).And the length of angiogenesis and network level were also significantly declined(P＜0.01).Conclusion Silencing α-TAT1 reduces the migrαtion and angiogenesis of endothelial cells in HPS,which was associated with weakened stabilization of microtubule.

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OBJECTIVE To investigate the HRCT and MRI characteristic of external auditory canal cholesteatoma(EACC)in children.METHODS A total of 40 patients(45 lesions)with EACC confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed with HRCT and MRI characteristics and clinical therapeutic value.Imaging findings of 40 patients(45 lesions)with EACC were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS Soft tissues were found in all the external auditory canal(EAC).Of the forty-five soft tissues,7 manifested as inhomogeneous strip soft tissues and 38 as lesions solid soft tissues;30 located in medial part of the EAC and covered the tympanic membrane,while the other 15 presented as tympanic membrane perforation and involved the tympanic cavity.The MRI of the 3 ears showed high signal on T2/T1 iso-intensity,high signal on DWI,and low signal on ADC.Normal whole bony EAC was observed in 17 cases and enlarged medial EAC in 28 cases.Seven cases only involved in the superior wall,but 38 cases displayed as multiple bone wall involved,of which 6 involved in circumferential walls.Thirty-three cases displayed atactic ear bone margin,11 displayed blunted or disappeared drum shield plate.Destroy of long crus of incus and manubrium mallei occurred in 15 cases,of short crus of incus in 8 cases,of stapes in 2 cases,and mastoiditis in 5 cases.According to the pneumatization degree of mastoid air cell,37 cases were classified into pneumatic type,7 cases into mixed type,and the last one into diploic type.CONCLUSION The children EACC tends to be limited and rarely involved in middle ear and mastoid process.No patient with peri-ear infection was found.Application of HRCT and MRI help accurate location and determination of cholesteatoma.According to the extent of the lesion,selecting the appropriate surgical method is an effective method to remove cholesteatoma,improve hearing and reduce recurrence.

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Objective:To design a specialized ultrasound therapeutic device for rabbit urethral scars and to verify its applicability and effectiveness.Methods:New Zealand male rabbits were used as the experimental objects, and the ultrasound therapeutic instrument was customized according to the structure and size of the rabbit penises. The ultrasound therapeutic instrument included the ultrasound pulse emission and control system, the final-stage amplifier, and the ultrasound probe. Firstly, the ultrasound probe was designed according to the size and structure of rabbit penises, and the parameters of the ultrasound probe were determined by COMSOL finite element simulation and actual testing of the sound field distribution. Secondly, the driving circuit of the ultrasound probe was designed according to the parameters of the elements. Then the ultrasound pulse emission and control system based on the field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and the serial screen were designed. Subsequently, the ultrasound therapeutic instrument was subjected to a performance test and a safety test. The ultrasound therapeutic instrument was constructed to include the ultrasound amplifier and the ultrasound probe. Finally, a rabbit urethra reconstruction model was constructed, and eight white rabbits were randomly divided into a model group and an experimental group. The rabbits in the experimental group received the ultrasound therapeutic instrument for treatment of the urethra immediately, with an ultrasound frequency of 2 MHz, a pulse interval of 10 ms, and an output sound intensity of 0.73 W/cm 2. The treatment was performed twice a week (on Tuesday and Thursday), with 10 min of irradiation each time, lasting for four weeks. The rabbits in the model group did not receive any treatment. The area percentage of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) staining-positive areas in rabbit urethral tissues were quantitatively analyzed, and the urethral circumference was calculated using Image J software. Results:Due to the addition of sound-absorbing materials, the sound pressure distribution in the treatment chamber was more uniform, and the average value of the standing wave ratio was 1.11, indicating that the structural design met the design requirements. In the overall performance test, the natural focal position of the three ultrasonic transducers was 10 mm, and the consistency of the sound field distribution meet the experimental requirements. The relationship between the peak sound pressure of each transducer and the power supply voltage was close to linear. The output sound intensity ranged from 0.35 to 0.74 W/cm 2, which met the experimental requirements. With the ultrasound output, the temperature of the test point increased slowly, and this experiment could increase the temperature of the tissue by up to 3.3 ℃, which would not lead to thermal damage to the tissue. Animal experiment results showed that the immunopositive area fraction of TGF-β1 in the urethral tissues of rabbits in the experimental group [(4.21 ± 1.32)%] was smaller than that of the model group [(8.53 ± 3.43)%] ( t = ?4.24, P < 0.001). The immunopositive area fraction of TNF-α in the urethral tissues of rabbits in the experimental group [(5.14 ± 2.72)%] was smaller than that of the model group [(7.23 ± 1.57)%] ( t = ?3.37, P < 0.05). The MMP-2 level in the urethral tissue of rabbits in the experimental group [(10.65 ± 2.24)%] was higher than that of the model group[(6.98 ± 2.74)%] ( t = 2.19, P < 0.05). The urethral circumference [(12 209 ± 2 743) μm] was higher than that of the model group [(10 127 ± 2 237) μm] ( t = 15.46, P < 0.05). Conclusions:An ultrasound therapeutic instrument dedicated to rabbit urethral scars has been successfully designed and can be used for the study of ultrasound treatment of rabbit urethral scars.

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Objective To explore the effects of small incision in situ release on surgical indications,nerve conduction velocity and upper limb function in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome(CTS).Methods A total of 100 CTS patients admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to January 2022 were selected,they were randomly divided into the control group(50 cases,treated with traditional carpal tunnel release)and the observation group(50 cases,treated with small incision in situ release),the clinical data of CTS patients were collected and surgical indications,nerve conduction velocity,upper limb function and the incidence of complications were compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate was 98.00％in the observation group and 84.00％in the control group(P＜0.05).In the observation group,the length of incision was(1.65±0.29)cm,the time of opening and closing incision was(4.85±1.02)min,the hospitalization time was(3.24±0.62)d,the intraoperative blood loss was(17.88±3.53)mL,and the VAS score was(3.03±0.56)points one day after operation.The control group were(4.02±0.81)cm,(10.06±2.28)min,(7.11±1.34)d,(24.37±5.27)ml,(4.04± 0.89)points,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).After treatment,The thumle-wrist sensory conduction velocity of CTS patients in the study group was(46.05±8.39)m/s,the middle finger-wrist sensory conduction velocity was(45.05±8.95)m/s,the thenar muscles-wrist motor conduction velocity was(53.94±11.47)m/s,the FIM ADL score was(34.38±7.22)points,and FMA The upper limb score was(34.23±7.25)points,and the control group was(41.86±8.22)m/s,(40.88±8.28)m/s,(49.05±10.01)m/s,(27.81±6.01)points,(41.05±9.19)points.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The total incidence of complications was 4.00％in the observation group and 20.00％in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Small incision in situ release is effective in the treatment of CTS patients,which can improve the surgical indications and nerve conduction velocity,help patients recover upper limb function,and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications.

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Objective To investigate the factors affecting the number of lymph nodes obtained by unilateral lobectomy and isthmus combined with prophylactic ipsilateral central lymph node dissection for papillary thyroid cancer,and to analyze the pattern of change so as to provide an important basis for clinical treatment of papillary thyroid cancer.Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical and pathological data of 193 patients admitted to the department of Thyroid Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University from January 2019 to January 2022 for papillary thyroid cancer who underwent unilateral glandular lobe and isthmus resec-tion combined with prophylactic ipsilateral central lymph node dissection.The number of obtained lymph nodes was divided into a group with high number of obtained lymph nodes(n>6)and a group with low number of obtained lymph nodes(n≤6).Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were used to explore the factors affecting the num-ber of obtained lymph nodes.The influence of the number of lymph nodes on the central lymph node metastasis was evaluated by correlation analysis,and the influence of the number of lymph nodes on the quality of life of patients by postoperative complications analysis.Results The number of lymph nodes obtained was positively correlated with the number of lymph node metastases in the central region(r = 0.240,P<0.05)and the rate of lymph node metastasis(r = 0.161,P<0.05),respectively.The number of lymph node metastases controlled remained unchanged,and the rate of lymph node metastasis decreased with the increase of the number of obtained lymph nodes(r =-0.444,P<0.05).Univariate analysis of the number of lymph nodes between the two groups showed no significant differences in terms of sex,age,operation duration,BMI,maximum tumor diameter,multifocality,Hashimoto's thyroiditis,focal location,capsular invasion,contralateral thyroid nodule,parathyroid transplantation and BRAF gene V600E mutation(P>0.05).There was statistical significance in the application of nano carbon between the two groups(P<0.05).Logistic binary regression analysis showed that the combination of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and the application of carbon nanoparticles were independent influencing factors for the high number of lymph nodes obtained(P<0.05).ROC curve analysis suggested that the area under the curve occupied by carbon nanoscale was 0.658(95%CI:0.580～0.735,P<0.05),and the area under the curve occupied by Hashimoto's thyroiditis was 0.584(95%CI:0.504～0.665,P<0.05).In addition,there was no significant difference in the incidence of vocal cord paralysis and lymphatic leakage between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusions When the number of lymph nodes in the cen-tral region remained unchanged,the higher the number of lymph nodes obtained,the lower the rate of lymph node metastasis.The application of nano-carbon and patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis could increase the number of lymph nodes obtained,and there is no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications between high and low number of lymph nodes obtained.

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BACKGROUND:The most prominent transcription factor activated by tumor stem cells in osteosarcoma is EZH2,and silencing of EZH2 has been reported to inhibit osteosarcoma cell growth.Studies have confirmed that bovine serum albumin-chitosan nanoparticles are a drug delivery vector with excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability,and the albumin carrier can provide tumor-targeted drug delivery function. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect and mechanism of bovine serum albumin-chitosan nanoparticles loaded with EPZ6438(EZH2 inhibitor)for the treatment of osteosarcoma. METHODS:(1)Bovine serum albumin-chitosan nanoparticles loaded with and without EPZ6438 were prepared.The drug encapsulation rate and drug release rate of serum albumin-chitosan nanoparticles loaded with EPZ6438 were detected.(2)MG-63 cells were divided into four groups and added with PBS(control group),serum albumin-chitosan nanoparticle extract solution(blank nanoparticle group),EPZ6438 solution(free drug group),and serum albumin-chitosan nanoparticle extract loaded with EPZ6438(drug-loaded nanoparticle group),respectively.After 3 days of culture,cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and the expression of caspase-3 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.(3)Twelve nude mice were selected and the subcutaneous tumor-bearing mouse model was established by injecting MG-63 cell suspension under the armpit.After successful modeling,the mice were randomly divided into four groups for intervention.Normal saline(control group),serum albumin-chitosan nanoparticle solution(blank nanoparticle group),EPZ6438 solution(free drug group)and serum albumin-chitosan nanoparticle solution loaded with EPZ6438(drug-loaded nanoparticle group)were injected into tumor tissues,with three animals in each group.After 7 days of injection,the tumor volume and frozen sections of tumor tissue were observed by TUNEL staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The drug encapsulation rate of the nanoparticles was about 8.8%,and the nanoparticles had a good drug release effect in pure water.The drug release amount was(34.72±1.93)μg at 24 hours,(48.58±1.10)μg at 72 hours,(49.18±1.24)μg at 120 hours,and(50.25±1.13)μg at 168 hours.The drug release reached the plateau at 120 hours,and the release rate was about 97.9%.(2)After 3 days of cell culture with MG-63,the apoptotic rate in the control group and blank nanoparticle group was lower than that in the free drug group and drug-loaded nanoparticle group(P<0.001),and the expression of caspase 3 mRNA was lower than that in the free drug group and drug-loaded nanoparticle group(P<0.000 1).(3)After 7 days of injection,the tumor volume of nude mice in the drug-loaded nanoparticle group was smaller than that in the other three groups(P<0.05),and the percentage of TUNEL-positive cells in tumor tissue was higher than that in the other three groups(P<0.000 1).(4)The results verify that serum albumin-chitosan nanoparticles loaded with EPZ6438 can inhibit the growth of osteosarcoma by inducing apoptosis of tumor cells.

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BACKGROUND:Currently,there are few kinds of drugs to treat kidney diseases,and many systemic drugs have some problems,such as serious side effects,rapid degradation in the body circulation and so on.At present,active targeting of nanoparticles has become a hot spot in the field of drug delivery,and the exploration of the pathological mechanism related to active targeting of nanoparticles is becoming more and more abundant. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the active targeting strategies in common renal diseases. METHODS:The first author and the second author searched CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,and PubMed databases using"nanoparticles,active targeting,target,kidney,kidney disease"as English key words and"nanoparticles,nanoparticles,targeting,active targeting,kidney disease,kidney"as Chinese key words.All relevant articles published before July 2,2023 were retrieved,screened,concluded,and summarized.Finally,62 articles were included for the summary. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The active targeting effect of nanoparticles has been studied in many common kidney diseases.The mechanism of active targeting is mainly the binding of ligands and receptors,by modifying the ligand on the nanoparticles to specifically target the receptor on the cells in the kidney;in which way active targeting is realized.Under different renal pathological conditions,the pathological changes of specific kidney sites may become the key breakthrough point to achieve active targeting.Although kidney-targeting nanoparticles have shown promise in the treatment of nonneoplastic kidney diseases,but it is still in the experimental phase in animals,and it is still a long way from applying these results to medical work.

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AIM:To elucidate the possible biological mechanism of silica-induced acute lung injury in rats.METHODS:Sixteen Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control and acute silicosis model groups,and instilled intratracheally with 1 mL of normal saline and 50 g/L silica suspension,respectively.After 7 d,the rats were sacrificed for collection of lung tissue and serum.The serum levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β),IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were measured by using ELISA.The protein expression levels of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)and gasdermin D(GSDMD)were measured by immunohistochemistry.Bacterial DNA was ex-tracted from the lung tissue for 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing to characterize changes in the composition of lung flo-ra.The differences in the structure of bacterial flora between control and model groups were analyzed by bioinformatic analy-ses.RESULTS:Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the protein expression levels of NLRP3 and GSDMD were higher in the lungs of the rats in model group.In addition,serum cytokine profiling showed that IL-1β,IL-18 and TNF-α levels were significantly higher in model group.The most abundant bacterial genera in the lung flora of the rats in model group were Bifidobacterium,Clostridium sensu stricto 1,and Parasutterella.The NLRP3 and GSDMD levels in the lung tissue and IL-1β and TNF-α levels in serum were positively correlated with the abundance of Parasutterella.CONCLU-SION:The alterations in lung flora structure and increased inflammation levels may be the actual biological mechanisms underlying silica-induced acute lung injury.The modulation of lung flora may provide a basis for the prevention and treat-ment of silica-induced acute lung injury.

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Objective To investigate the appropriate venous access for obese patients undergoing metabolic and bariatric surgery by comparing the clinical outcomes of different lengths of peripheral intravenous catheters.Methods Inpatients who underwent bariatric surgery in a tertiary hospital in Zhejiang from August 2022 to December 2022 were selected as the study population using a fixed-point continuous convenience sampling method.A stratified block randomisation method was used to divide the group into an experimental group 1(mini-midline catheters),an experimental group 2(midline catheters)and a control group(short peripheral intravenous catheters,Short PIVCs).The incidence of catheter-related complications,the rate of extubation due to complications,the duration of catheter retention,the time to first catheter-related complication were compared in the 3 groups.Results A total of 186 patients were included,with 62 patients in each group.The overall incidence of catheter-related complications in experimental group 1,experimental group 2,and control group were 25.81％,8.06％,and 58.06％.The extubation rates due to complications were 19.35％,4.84％,and 41.94％,and the duration of catheter retention was 7.00(6.00,7.00)d,7.00(6.00,7.00)d,6.00(3.00,6.25)d.The differences were statistically different(P＜0.05)when comparing the 3 groups.Among them,the differences in the overall incidence of catheter-related complications and the rate of extubation due to complications were statistically significant when comparing experimental group 1 with the control group,experimental group 2 with the control group,and experimental group 1 with experimental group 2(P＜0.017);the duration of catheter retention in both experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 were higher than it in the control group,and the differences were statistically different(P＜0.017).Conclusion The complication rate of mini-midline catheters and midline catheters is lower than that of short ones,and the indwelling time is consistent with the perioperative period of metabolic and bariatric surgery,which is suitable for use in patients undergoing metabolic and bariatric surgery.

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Medical social work, as a bridge between social welfare policies and healthcare services, is an important force in meeting the diverse and multi-level needs of the people in medical and health care. Due to the particularity of the pediatric population, pediatric medical social work is becoming one of the key areas in the development of medical social work. Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University has established a service mode of " collaborative medical and social worker team". The medical social workers acted as supporters to assist healthcare professionals to meet the psychological and social service needs of patients and their families as much as possible, and empowered medical staff′s career development as supporters. At the same time, the medical social workers assisted in the construction of a " child friendly" medical environment, and built a social support network for patients and families. The appropriateness and future prospects of pediatric medical social work were explored, in order to provide reference for its development.